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19 March 2011, Volume 15 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology for the repair of radial defects in rabbits Sun Liang, Xiong Zhuo 2011, 15 (12):  2091-2094.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.001 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (1141KB) ( 474 )   Save BACKGROUND: The ideal bone repair materials must be biocompatible and absorbable, have the porosity that is conducive to the vascularization and rapidly replaced by new tissue, as well as a three-dimensional structure similar to bone tissue. OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP) scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology loaded with bone morphogenetic protein in the repair of radial defect in rabbits. METHODS: The lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer dissolved in 1,4-dioxane and mixed with calcium phosphate powder to prepare a liquid slurry, then placing into a biomaterial rapid prototyping machine TissFormTM, thus a cylindrical artificial bone carrier at the diameter of 5 mm and length of 15 mm was obtained. According to the standard of 15 mg in each material, active artificial bone materials were prepared by use of pre-wet, negative pressure of bone morphogenetic protein, freeze-drying. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were used to prepare a 15-mm radial defect, which was treated by the implantation of active artificial bone loaded with and without bone morphogenetic protein. Then results of imaging, histology, scaffolds degrade rates and bone mineral density was appraised to examine the repairing effects of the scaffolds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks, all defects in the experimental group were radiographically repaired. New bony callus was observed to connect with the defect ends and then mould, the scaffold was nearly completely absorbed, and no significant differences were observed compared with control group. PLGA/TCP scaffolds prepared by rapid forming technology loaded with bone morphogenetic protein can effectively repair the 15-mm long bone defects in rabbits, its degradation rate well matched the bone formation rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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New bionic composite of heparin-chitosan-hydroxyapatite-minocycline repairs rabbit tibial defects Tang Jian, Li Quan-li, Zhou Jian, Dou Xiao-chen 2011, 15 (12):  2095-2099.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.002 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (1618KB) ( 436 )   Save BACKGROUND: The bionic nano-composite materials have the similar composition and structure with the autologous bone, thus they are promising to apply. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of repairing rabbit tibial defects by a new bionic composite of heparin-chitosan-hydroxyapatite -minocycline. METHODS: Twenty healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were used in this study to establish a 15 mm × 8 mm critical size defect on superior tibial bones, and then divided into experiment group (n=16) and blank control group (n=4) at random. A new bionic composite of heparin-chitosan-hydroxyapatite-minocycline was implants into the segmental bone defects of 16 rabbits in experimental group; No implant was given into the other 5 rabbits in the blank group. Gross observation, X-ray and histological examination were performed to observe the repair of bone defects on two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: General observations showed the fractured bone healed at 8 weeks postoperation in the experimental group, and the appearance was close to normal at 12 weeks. X-ray showed that bony callus gradually increased when time went by in the experimental group, the fractures almost healed and the moulding finished 12 weeks postoperation. No bone defects were repaired and nonunion occurred in the blank group at 12 weeks postoperation. Histological examination indicated the materials began to be absorbed at 4 weeks postoperation, was reconstructed by new bone at 8 weeks, and completely repaired at 12 weeks in the experimental group. In the control group, bone defects were filled with the fibrous tissues. The new bionic composite of heparin-chitosan-hydroxyapatite-minocycline can repair critical size defect effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changeable rigidity degradable poly-lactic-acid gasket combined with titanium alloy for treatment of tibia fracture Yang Hong-sheng, Liu Yue-hui, Zhang Bin, Tu Chong-qi, Duan Hong 2011, 15 (12):  2100-2104.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.003 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (1902KB) ( 447 )   Save BACKGROUND: An ideal fracture fixation system should strong fix bone fracture at early time and prevent stress shelter effect-induced local osteoporosis. Degradable internal fixation material provides theoretical basis for preparing this fixation system. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the result and effect of the changeable rigidity plate system composed of degradable poly-lactic-acid gasket and titanium alloy for the fixation of middle tibia fracture of rabbits. METHODS: Totally 64 New Zealand rabbits were divided into the experimental and control groups randomly. The tibia shaft fracture models were prepared by wire saw. The experimental groups were fixed with changeable rigidity plate systems which were made of self-restraint macromoleculer poly-lactic-acid gasket and 4-hole Tc4 plate. The control group was fixed with 4-hole Tc4 plate only. The bone fracture healing was evaluated by general observation, X-ray film, histological and biomechanic examination at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. RESULRS AND CONCLUSION: General observation and X-ray films showed that fracture contraposition and the bone healed well in both groups. The histological examination demonstrated that compared with the control group, osteotylus around the fracture was more thick and dense, marrow cavity cross earlier in the experimental group. The biomechanic examination found that there was no significant in maximum bending strength in two groups at 8 weeks, but the experimental group showed superior to the control group at 12 weeks. All these results prove that the complexity system with the changeable degrational gasket is a reliable method for the fixation of the tibia fracture, which is benefit for the heeling of the bone than single plate. This experiment provides an experimental foundation for its further using in clinic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hyaluronate sodium and peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells compound for repairing cartilage defects Wei Bin, Wang Dong-lai, Feng Jian-gang 2011, 15 (12):  2105-2108.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.004 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (1349KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been greatly investigated, but no study reports its application for the repair of cartilage defects. OBJECTIVE: To inject the compound of mobilized peripheral blood derived MSCs and hyaluronate sodium into articular cavity, and to investigate the feasibility of applying the compound to repair articular cartilage defect. METHODS: Two-month aged rabbits were used to isolate MSCs from peripheral blood after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor mobilization. Primary and passage culture was to be continued. Taking hyaluronate sodium as the carrier materials, cell suspension was prepared by mixing with passage 3 MSCs. The full-thickness cartilage defects were created on both medial and lateral femoral condyles on every knee joint of three-month aged rabbits. Left knees were taken as the experimental group, injecting cell suspension (containing 0.5 mL hyaluronate sodium) into articular cavity, while right knees as control group, injecting hyaluronate sodium 0.5 mL once a week, for continuous three times. Twelve weeks later, rabbits were killed to observe the state of repairing the defects, the type of new tissues and the articular immune response. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①The appearance of peripheral blood derived MSCs was similar with bone marrow derived MSCs. When they were isolated from peripheral blood, primary cells could be cultured. ②After injection, no inflammatory reaction and infection were seen, joint motion was well. ③After injection for 12 weeks, the defects in experiment group were partially stuffed by cartilage-like tissues. The surface in defects was smooth, but parts of the boundary between repair tissue and surrounding could be seen. Superficial layer’s fibrosis was more obviously. Effect of articular cartilage repair in the experimental group was better than the control groups. Peripheral blood derived MSCs mixed with hyaluronate sodium possess the capability of repairing articular cartilage defect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics for in vivo construction of tissue engineered bone in adipose tissue Yao Jin-feng, Li Xiao-yu, Wang Ai-jun, Liang Rui, Bao Chong-yun, Chen Zhi-qing 2011, 15 (12):  2109-2112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.005 Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (1379KB) ( 349 )   Save BACKGROUND: For constructing tissue engineered bone, the choice of non-osseous tissue is of great importance. Most early studies adopt the muscle as the site of constructing ectopic bone graft, but its location is deep, available area is small, the operation is complex, thus it is not conducive to clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: The study is aimed to investigate the feasibility of constructing tissue engineered bone graft with osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics in non-osseous tissue by means of in vivo bone tissue engineering method. METHODS: The muscle tissue and adipose tissue on the back of dogs were taken as constructed area, and implanted with osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics to construct in vivo tissue engineered bone graft. The specimens were harvested at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post operation, for gross observation, single photon emission computerized tomography and histological studies. The osseous tissue formation at different times in two non-osseous sites was compared and the new bone grafts in subcutaneous fat and intramuscular implantations were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tissue engineered bone graft could be constructed not only in muscle but also in subcutaneous fat. The new bone appeared in the muscle earlier than that in the fat, the amount of new bone mass increased with time in two non-osseous tissues, and the difference between in muscle and fat decreased. Vital autogenous bone graft can be constructed in the muscle and fat tissues by means of bone tissue engineering method in vivo. Compared to that in muscle, constructing bone graft in subcutaneous fat could have brighter prospect to clinical application due to widely area and superficial location. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nano-hydroxyapatite/bone morphogenetic protein compound for repair of segmental radius bone defects of rabbits and local vascular endothelial growth factor expression Chang Qi, Huang Chang-lin, Huang Tao 2011, 15 (12):  2113-2116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.006 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (569KB) ( 352 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that bone or biomimetic bone tissue is implanted into a cantlet of bone defect, necrotic tissue is gradually replaced, the active vascular granulation tissue grow in bone graft, the bone graft is absorbed, and new bone is formed initiatively. However, the process occurs slowly and incomplete in segmental bone defect. OBJECTIVE: To observe the ability of repairing segmental bone defect and induced vasculogenesis with Nano-hydroxyapatite-collagen (NHAC) materials combined with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). METHODS: Segmental radius bone defect models were prepared, which were randomly divided into 2 groups by sortition, NHAC/BMP and NHAC was implanted into one side of models to repairing bone defect, respectively, the other side as blank control group. The effects were observed by gross observation, X-ray examination, histomorphological examination, analysis of histological section alkaline phosphatase staining and bone formation content, positive cell rate and the number of positive vessels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was almost no bone tissue formation in blank control group. NHAC was divided into nubble after implantation; the original structure of materials was damaged. The remaining materials in NHAC/BMP group were less than that in NHAC group, the degradation of materials was more thorough. Bone formation content, VEGF expression, and the number of positive vessels of VEGF of NHAC/BMP in blank control group were higher than that in NHAC group (P < 0.001). VEGF expression was proportional relationship with the number of positive vessels of VEGF. After NHAC combined with BMP, the repair capacity of bone was further reinforced, and the ability of induced angiogenesis was significantly improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation an proterties of interconnected porous hydroxyapatite scaffold Jiang Yan 2011, 15 (12):  2117-2119.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.007 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (432KB) ( 359 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several kinds of hydroxyapatite has been applied in clinics as bone substitute, pathologic fracture often occurs in bone formation process for lack of interconnection hole. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the porous interconnected hydroxyapatite ceramic scaffold materials by modified technique, and to determine the physical-chemical characteristics of the materials. METHODS: Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics were prepared by mixing hydroxyapatite (60% volume fraction) and polymine (40% volume fraction) using modified foam-gel technic (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether 1% volume fraction). The inner structural characteristic of the material were detected by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared material was transplanted into the bone defect zone, and the new bone formation was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics have three-dimensional structure, it is full of uniform pores (150 μm in diameter, 75% porosity). It is also filled with interconnective holes (40 μm in diameter) at the wall of pores and has enough compressive strength (10-12 MPa). Animal experiment showed Interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics have excellent bone inductivity, new forming bone forms in the pores. Improved hydroxyapatite ceramics may be applied in the bone tissue engineering and may become new substitute. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ectopic osteogenesis of poly-L-lactide porous scaffolds combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in vivo Sui Jie, Li Zhi-zhong, Sun Guo-dong, Jiao Gen-long, Li Li-hua, Zhou Chang-ren 2011, 15 (12):  2120-2124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.008 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (871KB) ( 407 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly-L-lactide (PLLA) material has good supporting effect and provides place for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation as 3-D template action. OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and results of ectopic bone formation of PLLA porous scaffolds combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). METHODS: PLLA porous scaffolds were prepared. The hUCMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord by collagenase digestion. After serial subcultivation in vitro, the hUCMSCs were passaged and identified. Then induce their osteogenic differentiation, be tested and evaluated by specific staining methods. The PLLA porous scaffolds combined with hUCMSCs were implanted into thighs of rabbits at 7 days after osteogenic induction. The bone formation was observed by histopathologic study at 4 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: hUCMSCs grew well on the surface of the PLLA porous scaffolds. These cells were positive for alkaline phosphate staining after osteogenic induction. The mineralized PLLA porous scaffolds combined with hUCMSCs formed obvious block tissues at 4 weeks after implantation, which was hard and constituted of blood vessels examined by histological examination. It is revealed that PLLA porous scaffolds have not affect hUCMSCs proliferation; PLLA porous scaffolds combined with hUCMSCs exhibit the greatest ectopic osteogenesis potential in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of collagen-heparin sulfate nerve bionic scaffold Li Xiao-long, Mu Chang-zheng, Ma Yun-sheng 2011, 15 (12):  2125-2128.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.009 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (650KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: Collagen-amino polysaccharide material matrix implanted into segmental injury site surrounding nerve tissues, can promote axonal repair and regeneration. Heparin sulfate is an important component of extracellular matrix. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the collagen-heparin sulfate nerve tissue engineered scaffold, and to study the histocompatibility for repairing neural injury. METHODS: Collagen-heparin sulfate turbid liquid was frozen and dried, the inner pore structure was observed with gross observation and scanning electron microscope, the pore size was also measured. Twelve SD rats were used to prepare 5-mm sciatic nerve defect models, which were then divided into three groups: normal control group (autologous nerve transplantation), blank control group and collagen-heparin sulfate composite scaffold transplantation group. Morphology characteristic was observed after transplantation and the repair effect was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Collagen-heparin sulfate scaffolds had longitudinal micro-tubular structure with parallel arrangement, and three-dimensional structure of bionic nerve. Histological staining and electron microscopy showed regenerated nerve fibers successfully grew into the scaffold, some rats’ motor functions were good. Collagen-heparin sulfate material has well histocompatibility, it may promote neural regeneration and be used for neural injury repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Security of a new human hepatocyte hybrid bioartificial liver Jian Guo-deng, Zhang Zhi, Wang Yan, Zhou Huan-cheng, Zhao Yi-chao, Pan Ming-xin,Gao Yi 2011, 15 (12):  2129-2132.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.010 Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (1174KB) ( 454 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the only effective treatment is liver transplantation, but donor shortage is the main problem of liver transplantation, artificial liver can be served as a support means of liver transplantation in the transition. OBJECTIVE: To observe the security of new human hepatocytes hybrid bioartificial liver. METHODS: Chinese human liver cell line 1 (CL-1) cells, under micro carrier microgravity, which were injected into all the contact perfusion bioreactor inoculation, combined with plasma perfusion of D-galactosamine triggering acute liver failure of model treatment. The closure, adverse reactions and changes of monitoring animal vital signs were observed during the treatment. CL-1cells in were obtained in the perfusion bioreactor were obtained after treatment. The cellular debris and cells were inoculated into the neck and back of nude mice, respectively, and then underwent comparison. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The liquid leakage was not found in the circulation channel, hemorrhage, allergies, high fever and other serious adverse reactions were also not found, vital signs were smooth and steady during the treatment of acute liver failure of model of cynomolgus. After four weeks of inoculation, planting tumor was not seen in nude mice with cellular debris inoculation, 10 vaccinal place occured tumor in nude mice with cellular debris inoculation, tumors rate was 100%. New human hepatocytes hybrid bioartificial liver is safe and validity and its effectiveness can be further explored. It is expected to be used for various animal experiment researches and each period clinical study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inferior Vena Cava Filter based on biodegradable materials Wang Xiao-ping, Xiao Yue-yong, Wu Bin, Zhang Xiao 2011, 15 (12):  2133-2137.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.011 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (1371KB) ( 477 )   Save BACKGROUND: Permanent vena cava filter as a long-term foreign body into the body may cause multiple complications, such as filter migration, perforation inferior vena cava (IVC), local thrombosis, and IVC occlusion,etc. OBJECTIVE: To design and fabricate a biodegradable filter. METHODS: A biodegradable filter was designed with a special center-thread expanding mechanism. Two-strut and five-strut biodegradable filter models were fabricated by using biodegradable polymer Poly (L- Lactide) Acid (PLLA), on which mechanical tests were performed, and in vitro degradation and clot-trapping experiments were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experimental results showed the center-thread not only expands the filter, but also enhances its radial stiffness. The biodegradable PLLA filter has similar mechanical property and clot-trapping ability as conventional metal filters. The major problem of the biodegradable filter lies in the debris, which may generate and detach from the filter during the degradation process. By incorporating a thin thread into the PLLA struts, the debris size is reduced to about  2 mm. Although the small debris is not likely to block the trunk or large branches of pulmonary arteries, its impact on human body is still unknown. Therefore, biodegradable filter has the potentials for clinical application and deserves further study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of survival rate of crown restoration and direct biomaterial filing Jin Shu-hui, Feng Yun 2011, 15 (12):  2138-2140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.012 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (738KB) ( 330 )   Save BACKGROUND: Clinical studies show that after root canal therapy, crown prosthesis can effectively prevent the teeth from jackknifing. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether crown restoration can increase long-term survival rate of teeth treated by root canal therapy using different materials through a systematic review. METHODS: Papers referring to single crowns on endodontically treated teeth were located by a MEDLINE search and hand searching. In accordance with inclusive and exclusive criteria, 12 papers were selected in a two-step procedure and were subjected to quality assessment. The “failure” was given uniform definition, as the investigation results. After a homogeneity test, the mean overall success rates of crown restoration following root canal therapy were calculated by pooling the data from the studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: On a 0-1 scale, the weighed overall mean quality score of the studies was 0. 607. The quality score was used as weight for pooling the samples studies. These data showed a 10-year survival rate of 80% for five studies of crown restoration after root canal therapy and a 10-year survival rate of 65% for eight studies of direct biomaterials filling (resin composites, amalgam) after root canal therapy. Root canal therapy restored with crowns shows an acceptable long-term survival of 10 years, while direct biomaterials restorations have a satisfactory survival only for a short period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of acellular natural bone matrix with induced osteoblasts in vitro Li Kang-jie, Sun Shu 2011, 15 (12):  2141-2145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.013 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (1723KB) ( 320 )   Save BACKGROUND: The repair requirements of histology and immunology can be met by acellular bone matrix treated by TritonX-100. The test cells will be able to grow nicely on the surface of test materials, which will benefit further evaluating them in animals in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of acellular natural bone matrix prepared with TritonX-100 to osteoblasts by cell culture assay. METHODS: The third passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, then the identified osteoblasts were seeded on surface of acellular natural bone matrix prepared with TritonX-100 and calcium hydroxyapatite. Alkaline phosphatase vitality was measured by alkaline phosphatase detection kit and the growth of osteoblast-like cells on surface of the material was observed with scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Alkaline phosphatase detection kit analysis indicated that acellular natural bone matrix prepared with TritonX-100 were able to promote the growth of osteoblast-like cells compared with calcium hydroxyapatite after 48 hours of culture. Scanning electron microscopy displayed that osteoblast-like cells on the surface of acellular natural bone matrix aggregated together and grew as three-dimensional style. In vitro experimental proved good biocompatibility of osteoblast-like cells and acellular natural bone matrix. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of gastrointestinal bioadhesive controlled release tablets using biodegradable Zein Xie Jun-jun, Wu Hong-fei, Lu Chuan-hua, Zhang Qun-wei, Lu Tao 2011, 15 (12):  2146-2148.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.014 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (821KB) ( 366 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal bioadhesive controlled release tablets can extend the residence time of pharmaceutical preparations in gastrointestinal tract, and increase drug bioavailability. OBJECTIVE: To prepare 5-fluorouracil gastrointestinal bioadhesive controlled release tablets. METHODS: Taking biodegradable Zein as stent material and adhesive material, fluorouracil as model drug, the gastrointestinal controlled release tablets were prepared. The chip technology was orthogonally designed to optimize the choice of coating solution, the in vitro bioadhesion of controlled release tablets and the correlation of in vivo and in vitro were also been studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fluorouracil Zein bioadhesive tablets were in line with zero-grade release characteristic in vitro within 10 hours. The prepared gastrointestinal bioadhesive controlled release tablets have good adhesive properties. Moreover, the blood drug concentration in vivo within 2-8 hours was relatively stable, without obvious peak valley, and there was a good correlation of the release and absorption in vivo and in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of in vivo implanted strontium incorporated frozen dried bone Shuang Feng, Zhao Yan-tao, Hou Shu-xun, Zhong Hong-bin, Zhang Chun-li, Xue Chao, Bu Guo-yun 2011, 15 (12):  2149-2152.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.015 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (1393KB) ( 326 )   Save BACKGROUND: Frozen dried bone allograft is a good material of bone transplantation. But in the preparation procedure, some part of natural activity will be lost and osteogenic activity descent. To improve osteogenic activity of frozen dried bone, new materials are hoped to invent and used in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biocompatibility of strontium incorporated frozen dried bone in vivo. METHODS: The rat frozen dried bone was prepared according to a standard procedure, then the bone was immersed into strontium chloride to prepare the rat strontium incorporated frozen dried bone. Totally 27 healthy adult SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Rats were prepared for thigh muscle pouches models, and left and right sides were both operated. Strontium incorporated frozen dried and normal frozen dried bones were transplanted into thigh muscle pouches as experimental and control, respectively. The both sides of thigh muscle pouches without implant served as blank control. Three rats were sacrificed from each group at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation to undergo gross, histological observation, and the inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis were scored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Strontium concentration in frozen dried bone achieved 4.2% through soaking method treatment. Inside the bone, strontium concentration was even. The inflammatory infiltration and granulation tissues and angiogenesis were seen in the experimental and control groups. The inflammatory infiltration was alleviated gradually with time prolonged and the surrounding fibrous tissues increased. Inflammatory reactions in the blank control group were alleviated gradually and less fibrosis. The scores of inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis of the experimental and control groups were significant different from that of the blank control group (P < 0.05). Strontium incorporated frozen dried bone can be made by ion-exchange method, which has good biocompatibility similar to normal frozen dried bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of zirconia ceramic Ding Yu-bao, Yang Jian-jun, Yang Feng-li, Wang Da-shan, Zhang Hui-min, Wu Pin-lin, Geng Xin-jie 2011, 15 (12):  2153-2156.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.016 Abstract ( 443 )   PDF (1684KB) ( 616 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous experiments demonstrate that zirconia ceramic has excellent biological features. However, the research regarding zirconia ceramic material made into abutments of dental implants in China, especially their biocompatibility, are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of zirconia ceramic as the abutments of dental implants. METHODS: Zirconia ceramic round specimens were fixed in left buccal mucosal surface of Wistar rats, while the right with gutta-percha specimens as a control, two groups of specimens tightly attached to buccal mucosa without oppression. Gross observations and histological methods were applied to observe the biological response between oral mucosa and zirconia ceramic materials at 2 weeks after operation; zirconia ceramic rod specimens was implanted into dorsal subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats, gross observation and histological methods were used to dynamically observe biological response between skin tissue and zirconia ceramic materials at 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After zirconia ceramic round specimens were fixed, no abnormal reactions of local tissue were observed in rat buccal mucosa, and there was no significant difference compared with the control group. At 1 week after zirconia ceramic rod specimens was implanted, local tissue was found to be slightly red and swollen, and the biopsies showed a few of inflammatory cells. 2-8 weeks later, redness and swelling had gone down, fibrous capsule was formed and became thinner gradually in tissue section. At 8 weeks, the capsule became dense fibrous with no inflammatory cells. There is a good biocompatibility between zirconia ceramic material and oral mucosa, skin or subcutaneous tissue. Related Articles | Metrics

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Residual and degradation of chitosan hydrogel injected into infarcted myocardium Xu Bin, Lu Wen-ning, Liu Tao, Xue Qiao, Gao Wei, Li Yang, Zhao Yu-sheng 2011, 15 (12):  2157-2160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.017 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (1485KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan hydrogel can promote angiogenesis in damaged tissue, repair damaged cells and tissues. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chitosan hydrogel injected into the infarcted area of rat heart to protect and improve the cardiac function, and its residual and degradation.  METHODS: The left coronary artery of Wistars rat was occluded for infarction, and 30 minutes later they were randomly divided into three groups: myocardial infarction (MI) group, MI + PBS group and MI + chitosan hydrogel group. At 1, 2, 4 weeks after injection, animal models were sacrificed, to keep heart stay at diastolic phase to be excised and sectioned for histological detection; at 4 weeks after injection, animals were anesthetized for electrocardiogram and cardiac ultrasonography test, and arterial cannula was performed to test intraventricular pressure.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Obvious residuals in cardiac muscle tissue may be observed at 1 and 2 weeks after chitosan hydrogel injection, while the residuals disappeared 4 weeks after chitosan hydrogel injection; However, the cardiac ultrasonography, ventricle hemodynamics and intraventricular pressure results showed that the cardiac function of animals in MI + chitosan hydrogel group was better than that in MI group and MI + PBS group at 4 weeks, but there was no obvious difference between MI group and MI + PBS group. Injection of chitosan hydrogel into the infarcted area of the left ventricle may protect and improve cardiac function without any residuals after 4 weeks, so the chitosan hydrogel may be used as a good scaffold material in injectable myocardium tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Culture of human hepatocyte L-02 at high concentration based on spherical porous chitosan microcarriers Zhang Rui, Han Bao-san, Peng Cheng-hong 2011, 15 (12):  2161-2165.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.018 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (1594KB) ( 319 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently, microcarrier culture as a high concentration cell culture technology has been used in hepatocyte culture in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To periodically observe the morphological changes of human hepatocyte L-02 cultured by the spherical porous chitosan microcarrier. METHODES: The self-made spherical porous chitosan microcarrier sample as a support to culture human hepatocyte L-02 as experimental group; non-spherical porous chitosan microcarrier as a support to culture human hepatocyte L-02 as control group. Cells in two groups underwent cell count, and the morphological changes were observed in experimental group, including inverted phase contrast biological microscope observation and scanning electron microscope observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The quantity of the two groups’ cultured cells was increased in the former 3 days and reached the highest value at the third day. The cell quantity in experiment group was obviously higher than the number of cells without microcarrier culture in control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of samples in experimental group (P > 0.05). The quantity of hepatocytes adhered to microcarrier surface was gradually increased in the former 3 days under inverted phase contrast biological microscope dynamic observation. There were lots of hepatocytes adhered to ball in the surface of a greater part of microcarrier, the total survive rate of hepatocyte was more than 90%, and hepatocyte kept a good morphological structure. Under scanning electron microscope, lots of hepatocytes adhered intensely each other in the surface, section, and inside of microcarrier. It is indicated that the self-made spherical porous chitosan microcarrier as a support in three-dimensional environment can undergo cell culture with high concentration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacokinetic and toxicity observation of arsenic trioxide-loaded chitosan nanoparticlest Sun Jin-min, Xia Zheng-dong, Zhou Shi-dong, Yu De-dong, Li Lin-lin, Liu Hong 2011, 15 (12):  2166-2170.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.019 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (1399KB) ( 566 )   Save BACKGROUND: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) as an anticancer drug has obvious side-effect, however, no good method has been found to reduce As2O3 side effects. OBJECTIVE: To assay whether As2O3 loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NPCS-As2O3) could delay releasing time, could prolong As2O3 duration time and reduce As2O3 drug side-effect. METHODS: Twenty SD rats were evenly divided into As2O3 group and NPCS-As2O3 group for pharmacokinetics determination, the blood concentrations of arsenic were detected before and after the medicine treatment at different time points. For drug toxicology assay, 40 SD rats were evenly divided into four groups, namely As2O3 group, NPCS-As2O3 group, NPCS group and normal sodium group. The alanine aminotransferase, aspertate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatinine, urea nitrogen level in plasma were tested. The heart, liver, kidney toxicity of NPCS-As2O3 was observed through morphological observation of hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: NPCS-As2O3 significantly prolonged the half-life compared with the As2O3 (P < 0.05). Except for creatine kinase, plasma biochemical indicators of As2O3 group were statistically significant higher than any other group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significance between plasma biochemical indicators of NPCS-As2O3 group with the same As2O3 plasma concentration and NPCS group and normal sodium group (P > 0.05). The liver and kidney showed obvious pathological changes in As2O3 group, while no morphology change was seen in NPCS-As2O3 group. In the four groups, the hearts all had no distinct morphological change. NPCS-As2O3 has delayed the drug release, prolonged the drug effective time and reduced the toxicity of As2O3 in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytocompatibility of electro-spinning nano-fibrous scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering Liang Shuang, Li Quan, Tang Xiu-fa, Feng Yang, He Deng-qi 2011, 15 (12):  2171-2174.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.020 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (1217KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Some scholars reported that biodegradable collagen plate or poly L-lactic acid (PLLA), poly glycolic acid (PGA), PLLA/PGA copolymer, serve as scaffold materials of skeletal muscle tissue engineering. But these materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and still can not fulfill the needs of skeletal muscle tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of the electro-spinning nano-fibrous membrane as scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. METHODS: The rat myoblasts at the third passage were cultured with extracts obtaining from different kinds of electro-spinning nano-fibrous membranes (7 groups), with an extractant of F12 media containing 20% bovine calf serum. The adhesion and growth of myoblasts on the nano-fibrous membrane were examined with MTT and scanning electron microscopy methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The absorbance value between any two groups has no statistically significant difference compared with control group (P > 0.05), while obvious statistical differences of adhesion rate lay in different groups of biomaterials (P < 0.05). The same result lies in the scanning electron microscopy image. A great quantity of myoblasts adhered to the 70% PLA + 20% silk fibroin + 10% collagen group. These myoblasts are spindle-shaped, regularly arranged, and connecting to adjacent cells. In other groups, the myoblasts are less and irregular, much more like myoblasts in recession. The electro-spinning nano-fibrous membrane has no toxicity and no bad effect on the growth of myoblasts. They adhere well on the membrane, especially on the 70% PLA + 20% silk fibroin + 10% collagen group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of flexor tendon allograft cryopreserved with vitrification Hu Cheng-dong, Liu Xi, Zhang Bo-xun, Wei Min, Zhao Liang, Zhou Yu-jun, Chen Huai-zhi, Wang Fei, Li Dong-feng 2011, 15 (12):  2175-2178.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.021 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (1394KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: The main goal to process tendon allograft was to reduce immunogenicity and to retain structure and activity of tendon at the same time. Cryopreservation was commonly used in clinic, which was complicated, time-consuming, and activity of tendon was lower. OBJECTIVE: To preserve flexor tendon in chicken by vitrification, and to explore its feasibility being used as allograft. METHODS: Far flexor digitorum profundus tendon of adult Leghorn metatarsophalangeal joint was cut off, and randomly divided into two groups with number table: vitrified tendon group and autologous tendon group. Vitrified tendon allograft and autologous tendon was transplanted, respectively. At 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks after operation, changes of tendon graft in morphosis, hydroxyproline content and mechanical properties and so on were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The vitrified tendon transplantataion group was found light immunologic rejection after implantation in early stage, but which didn’t affect tendon healing and reconstruction. There was middling level adhesion around tendon in two groups. The content of hydroxyproline in the middle of tendon grafts decreased before 8 weeks, and then gradually increased. However, the content of hydroxyproline in tendon stoma was gradually increased with time. There was no significant difference between two groups. Ruptured intensity and elasticity modulus of the vitrified tendon transplantation group were lower than autologous tendon group (P < 0.05) in the part of tendon stoma before 8 weeks, but there was no significant difference after 12 weeks. And there was no significant difference between two groups of the middle of tendon grafts in biomechanics property. The vitrified tendon allograft has good biological viability and low immunogenicity, which could be as well tendon allograft. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nano-fiber-mediated paclitaxel combined with doxorubicin for sequential chemotherapy of SHg-44 glioma Wang Zhan-feng, Sun Yu-qin, Han Hai-ling, Xu Xiu-ling, Jing Xia-bin 2011, 15 (12):  2179-2182.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.022 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (684KB) ( 460 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-fiber technology can simultaneously support many kinds of drugs, avoid the limitation of blood-brain barrier and achieve sequential combination chemotherapy of glioma. OBJECTIVE: By means of emulsion-electrospinning method, both paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX), were successfully loaded into poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (L-lactic acid) copolymer (PEG-PLA) nanofiber to realize sequential chemotherapy and to explore the effect and mechanism of SHg-44 glioma mediated by PEG-PLA nano-fiber. METHODS: The experiment was divided into 4 groups: 1640 culture medium group, 1% DOX group, 1% PTX group, and 5% (DOX + PTX) group. The release in vitro of PTX and DOX was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The inhibition ratio of SHg-44 glioma cell proliferation on nano-fiber mediated PTX and DOX sequential chemotherapy was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the SHg-44 glioma cell apoptosis induced by PTX and DOX sequential chemotherapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nano-fiber mediated PTX and DOX sequential chemotherapy had significant growth inhibition and pro-apoptotic effect to SHg-44 glioma cell, and the effect was better than individual drug application. It is indicated that PEG-PLA nano-fiber as a drug carrier can increase the effect of PTX and DOX on SHg-44 glioma cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different porcelain fused to metal crowns on gingival crevicular fluid Sun Pei-yin, Wang Ya-feng, Fa Yong-hong, Cai Xing-wei 2011, 15 (12):  2183-2186.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.023 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (761KB) ( 478 )   Save BACKGROUND: The majority of current researches focus on the influence of non-precious metal ceramic porcelain and metal ceramic porcelain on the gingival and periodontal tissue health, but few study reports the effect of pure titanium versus non-precious metals and precious metals. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) secretion, and the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in GCF during different materials of porcelain fused-to-metal crowns restoration. METHODS: Sixty patients including 80 premolar and molar teeth were involved as test teeth and divided into three groups according to the materials of porcelain fused-to-metal crowns, Co-Cr alloy group (n=28), pure Ti alloy group (n=32) and gold-platinum alloy group (n=30). At 1 and 3 months after the restorations of crowns, the secretion amounts of GCF, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in GCF were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The amounts of GCF, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in GCF in Co-Cr alloy group at 1 and 3 months post-restoration were remarkably higher than those before restoration (P < 0.05). In Ti alloy group, the secretion of GCF and level of TNF-α were increased compared with before restoration (P < 0.05), but no differences were found in IL-6 (P > 0.05). At 1 and 3 months post-restoration, there was no significant difference in various indicators of gold-platinum alloy group compared with before restoration (P> 0.05). The secretion of GCF, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in Co-Cr alloy group were higher than those in Ti alloy group and gold-platinum alloy group (P < 0.05). In addition, the amount of GCF and level of TNF-α in Ti alloy group were higher than gold-platinum alloy group (P < 0.05). Related Articles | Metrics

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Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformation with Onyx in 31 cases Tang Jing-feng, Huang Yong-wang, Yang Bao-hua, Du Yi-qing, Mo Wan-bin, Yang Yong-dong, Xia Xue-wei, Tang Le-jian, Zhou Xiao-kun, Wang Wen-bo 2011, 15 (12):  2187-2191.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.024 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (699KB) ( 569 )   Save BACKGROUND: As for the endovascular embolization treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, the embolic materials play a greatly decisive role on the therapeutic effect. Onyx is a new liquid embolic agent developed in recent years, with non-stick tube, dispersion uniformity and good controllability. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the embolization techniques and clinical efficacy of cerebral arteriovenous malformation by using a new liquid embolic agent (Onyx). METHODS: Thirty-one patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation were treated with Onyx, 6F sheath inserted into femoral artery using Seldinger technique followed by 6F guiding catheter introduced into the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery, Marathon micro-catheter could be navigated into the nidus of arteriovenous malformation, then the Onyx was injected slowly into the cerebral arteriovenous malformation with “inject-back flow-stop-reinject” technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 40%-60% embolizations were achieved in 8 cases, 60%-90% in 7 cases, more than 90% (complete embolization) in 16 cases. Among 15 cases of incomplete embolization, 4 underwent surgical removal including 3 cases with good outcome and 1 case of hemiplegia with muscular strength of degree Ⅳ; 6 cases were treated by γ-knife after embolization, 2 cases of them showed complete occlusion after radiosurgery. Onyx has unique and distinctive superiority in treating cerebral arteriovenous malformations. However, the embolization techniques should be well trained to get good results and avoid complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Marginal fitness and metal-ceramic bonding strength of new CoCr alloy versus high gold alloy Liang Rui-ying, Zhao Yan-ping, Dong Wei 2011, 15 (12):  2192-2194.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.025 Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (439KB) ( 411 )   Save BACKGROUND: CoCr alloy, which does not include Ni or Be but contains Mo and Si, is considered appropriate to make porcelain fused to metal crown. There is no report on its marginal fitness and metal-ceramic bonding strength. OBJECTIVE: To compare the marginal fitness and metal-ceramic bonding strength of metal-ceramic crowns with high gold alloy and new CoCr alloy. METHODS: A total of 24 removable die were divided into two groups: high gold alloy group and new CoCr alloy group to prepare into 12 metal-ceramic crowns, respectively. Crowns were cemented by zinc polycarboxylate cement. The marginal fit was investigated by microscope after cementation. And the specimens cemented were subjected to Instron testing machine, which were placed into home-made pipes. The loads at fracture were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The buccal and lingual marginal discrepancies of new CoCr alloy group were lower than high gold alloy group, but there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The metal-ceramic bonding strength of new CoCr alloy group was higher than that of high gold alloy group. There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Results indicated that new CoCr alloy matched to metal-ceramic crown. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison between nano-hydroxyapatite and polyamide 66 composite artificial vertebral body and iliac bone autograft in anterior cervical decompression and fusion Chen Hao, Wang Li-min, Tan Hong-yu, Liu Yi-lin, Wang Wei-dong, Yang Chao-lei 2011, 15 (12):  2195-2198.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.026 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (686KB) ( 390 )   Save BACKGROUND: Plenty of materials, such as autogenous iliac bone, allogeneic bone, and titanium mesh, are used for anterior cervical reconstruction, with each advantages and disadvantages. Nano-hydroxyapatite and polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) artificial vertebral body has good biocompatibility and biological safety and is an ideal substitute for vertebral body bone graft. OBJECTIVE: To study clinical effect and difference between the n-HA/PA66 composite artificial vertebral body and the iliac bone autograft in anterior cervical decompression and fusion for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS: From January 2009 to March 2010, 40 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy were treated with anterior cervical subtotal corpectomy and fixed by titanium locking plates. 22 implanted with n-HA/PA66 composite artificial vertebral body and 18 with iliac bone autograft. The JOA grading system was done in follow up to evaluate neural symptoms, and Cobb’s angle was measured to evaluate the change of cervical curvature, interverberal height, fusion number at postoperative 6 months was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up for 6-14 months. The JOA grading was greatly improved in both groups. But there were significant differences on interverberal posterior height and restoring lordosis of fusion segment at different time intervals (P < 0.01). According to fusion criteria, difference between the two methods was not significant at 6 months and 3 months after treatment (P > 0.05). n-HA/PA66 composite artificial vertebral body was the same fusion rate as iliac bone autograft, and could effectively maintain the biological alignment and cervical intervertebral height. The long-term effects depend on further follow-up. Related Articles | Metrics

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Classic papers, core authors and journals of biomaterials: Analysis on citation index of SCI-included biomaterials journals  He Ping, Xue Xiu-zhen, Zhang Fan, Dai Hua-sheng 2011, 15 (12):  2199-2205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.027 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (481KB) ( 492 )   Save BACKGROUND: The 9th World Biomaterials Congress will be held in China in 2012, Chinese researcher about biomaterials has stepped into the international level. As a hotspot, the number of papers, authors and periodicals of biomaterials is increasing rapidly. Little evidence is available from such many studies. OBJECTIVE: In order to understand the trend of international biomaterials research, the present study selected ten Science Citation Index (SCI)-included journals on biomaterials for analyzing their citations to obtain the classic papers, the core authors and journals, with expect of assisting researchers. METHODS: A computer-based online search of SCI-included journals regarding the biomaterials, according to the impact factor we selected the related journals and downloaded 406 753 citations. The statistical analysis was performed using Excl and Access. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the statistical analysis, we got 10 classic papers, 10 core authors, and 20 core journals regarding the biomaterials. Researchers should focus on classic papers listed in the present study regarding the biomaterials, concern the research progress of the related core authors, and read the core journals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application status and prospects of different natural dressings in athletic skin injury Shi Yong, Li Wen-sheng, Xie Zheng-yang 2011, 15 (12):  2206-2208.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.028 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (562KB) ( 359 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of different natural dressings and the application prospect in athletic skin injury. METHODS: “Surgical dressing, natural biomaterials, leptin and healing of wound” in Chinese and “surgical dressing, natural biomaterials, leptin and healing of wound” in English were utilized as search terms to retrieve the articles between January 1994 and December 2010. The articles related to natural dressings and skin injury were included, more than 33 documents were obtained from the computer screen, and 22 of them were involved for evaluation according to reading title, abstract, and complete text after duplicate documents were excluded. RESULTS: Although traditional dressings had a certain moisture absorption and protection, they were easy to stick with the wound in the process of healing, resulting in secondary damage, and lack of capacity to stop bleeding, poor permeability. The dressings in clinical application and experiments were seldom prepared single raw material, usually one or several common synthetic materials, so as to make up the shortage of single material and make their respective advantage. At present nanometer silver dressings, composite dressings, bacteria synthetic fiber dressings had achieved good effect in animal experiments. However, most of the new dressings were still in the stage of clinical trials or probation, the material characteristics of various dressings and their own defects for a large-scale production and application are need to be further studied. CONCLUSION: The development of dressings of athletic skin injury will focus on: on one hand should strengthen the bleeding, pain and promote the rapid wound healing of dressings; on the other hand can adapt to a variety of harsh environment, and enhancing the development of intellective dressings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and biocompatibility of traumatic abdominal wall defect repair materials Fang Jun 2011, 15 (12):  2209-2212.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.029 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (591KB) ( 589 )   Save BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall defect repair method in recent years has been improved and innovated. The application of biomaterials makes abdominal wall defect repair improved to some extent, and significantly reduces the recurrence of various lateral ventral syndromes and the occurrence of lateral ventral syndrome after large defect repair. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of different repairing materials of abdominal wall defect and biocompatibility of the host after repairing abdominal wall defect. METHODS: Taking “abdominal wall defect, repair, polypropylene patch, silica gel, mucous membrane, transplant, compatibility” in Chinese and English as search terms to retrieve the correlated articles between January 2005 and October 2010. The articles about traumatic abdominal wall repairing materials and the application of different repairing materials in the abdominal wall defect were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the materials used to repairing abdominal wall defect are more in clinic. A variety of abdominal wall repair materials had been tried. Mainly in the following categories: biological materials, including autologous tissue (fascia, muscle flap, autologous dermis), allograft tissue (amnion, cerebral dura mater), heterogeneous allograft tissue (pig pericardium, diaphragm, cow peritoneum); non-biological materials, including metal mesh fabric (silver, platinum alloys, stainless steel), high molecular compound (malex, teflon, dacron). Expanded polytetrafiuoroethylene is is used more often in the abdominal wall repair material, but its anti-infections ability is poor. Once infected often need to remove the patch. Therefore, finding good biological, plant material or autologous, allogeneic composite materials is imperative. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of chitosan and its derivant in pharmaceutical preparation Zhang Jing, Song Li-wei 2011, 15 (12):  2213-2216.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.030 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (716KB) ( 778 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application status of chitosan and derivant in pharmaceutical preparation. METHODS: VIP database was retrieved by computer, the time was limited to 1999-01/2010-10. The index words were “chitosan, release, drug, application” in Chinese. Articles about the application status of chitosan and derivant in pharmaceutical preparation were included, outdated literatures were excluded. Totally 20 documents were involved for analysis. RESULTS: Chitosan has a good biocompatibility, biodegradation, avirulent, and easily film-forming. In the field of pharmacy at home and abroad, chitosan was used to the research of release and controlled release preparation attracted people’s attention. The unique physical and chemical properties of chitosan, such as chitosan encounter acid expansion form a gel, have good film-forming and promote the polypeptide, transdermal absorption of protein drugs. Chitosan generally in the form of tablet, film-former, microsphere and microcapsule served as skeleton materials of release and controlled release preparation. CONCLUSION: Controlled release preparations developed by chitosan can balance the drug release rate and reduce drug side effects of normal tissue cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of sodium hyaluronate gel for prevention of intrauterine adhesious after uterine-incision delivery Zhao Yong-hong, Xu Ying 2011, 15 (12):  2217-2220.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.031 Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (693KB) ( 796 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sodium hyaluronate has precaution basin and celiac adhesion effects, but because of short residence time of uterine cavity of sodium hyaluronate, it is difficult to prevent intrauterine adhesious. The researches at abroad reported that sodium hyaluronate was chemically modified and then formed self-cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel. It has a strong adhesion in impaired endometrium, and the residence time in the uterine cavity up to 72 hours. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and safety of sodium hyaluronate gel on the prevention of intrauterine adhesious after uterine-incision delivery. METHODS: Literatures related to sodium hyaluronate gel for prevention of intrauterine adhesious after uterine-incision delivery from PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed), VIP database (http://www.cqvip.com/) were retrieved, with the key words of “sodium hyaluronate, cesarean section, adhesion, intrauterine adhesions” in Chinese and English respectively. The retrieval time was limited to 1990-01/2009-12. Duplicated and reviewed researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally more than 150 articles were obtained. After duplicated and reviewed researches were excluded, 16 of them were involved for evaluation (12 Chinese, 4 English). The results showed that sodium hyaluronate gel is high molecular polysaccharide biomaterial formed by iterative N-acetyl-glucuronide, which has a high degree of elasticity, plasticity, and good biocompatibility. Sodium hyaluronate gel has a significant effect in prevention of intrauterine adhesious after uterine-incision delivery, especially can effectively reduce the incidence of re-adhesion after separation. But one thing is important that sodium hyaluronate gel is absolutely cannot be used in vascular, in order to avoid complications caused by pulmonary embolism. Injection process should be slow, lest back into venous system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of double J ureteral stents and development of new biodegradable ureteral stents Yu Yin-hua 2011, 15 (12):  2221-2224.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.032 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (607KB) ( 789 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical research and progress in experimental research of ureteral scaffold materials according to the summarization of related literatures in recent years. METHODS: Taking “ureteral scaffold, curative effect, complication, biodegradation” in Chinese as search terms, Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) was retrieved by the first author. Totally 135 literatures about the clinical research and progress in experimental research of ureteral scaffold materials were selected. Published earlier, duplicate and similar researches were excluded, 20 documents were included. RESULTS: In the practice of urology surgery, ureteral stent is commonly used equipment, which can be used to urinary calculus, reconstruction of urinary passage and urinary tract trauma. The main function of ureteral stent is to expand obstruction or narrow ureter, urine is drained into bladder. When kidney or ureter fistula was reduced, the healing of ureteral anastomotic was promoted. Ureteral scaffold material is non-biodegradation material; symptoms of bladder or shifting of stent, complications of vesicoureteral reflux, and stents surface calculi will be occurred in patients during the implantation of stent. The research about biodegradable nature of polymer biodegradability ureteral scaffold materials in vivo and in vitro is still at the stage of basic research. CONCLUSION: Endoprosthesis of ureteral plays an important role in urinary surgery, but it is necessary to learn and pay attention to the prevention of complication of endoprosthesis, in order to obtain better curative effect. At present, scholars from various countries are trying to develop more appropriate ureteral scaffold materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bionomics and clinical application of artificial bone graft materials Zhou Chang-ming, Zhang Jia-guo, Shi Yong-chen 2011, 15 (12):  2225-2228.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.033 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (654KB) ( 465 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the bionomics and clinical application of artificial bone graft materials at recent years. METHODS: VIP database was retrieved by the computer, the time was limited to 1998-01/2010-10. The index words were “bone filling material, bone defect, bone tumor, bone disease, bone tissue engineering” in Chinese. Literatures related to the bionomics and clinical application of artificial bone graft materials were included. The data were selected firstly, and each citation was checked in each article. A total of 15 documents were involved for analysis. RESULTS: Artificial bone graft materials including inorganic material, organic material and composite material. Composite material combined the advantages of inorganic material and organic material, which had good biological safety, biocompatibility, biological activity and biomechanical properties. Artificial bone was implanted into bone defects at limbs fracture internal fixation or after curettage of bone tumors. The healing process of skeleton was accelerated, the incidence of delayed union or disunion was reduced, and which had a great clinical value. CONCLUSION: Artificial bone graft material is close to autogenous bone in the promotion of bone healing and effect of vertebral fusion, without rejection, and with good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological materials repair exercise-induced muscle tendon injury: Evaluation of relevant literatures in 2007/2009 CNKI Database Ji Hua-juan, Wang Li-xia 2011, 15 (12):  2229-2232.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.034 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (665KB) ( 356 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To analyze the research progress of biological materials to repair exercise-induced muscular tendon damage. METHODS: Using “biological material, sports injury, repair, tendon” in Chinese as the key words, a computer-based online search of Chinese Journal Full-text Database from January 2007 to December 2009 was performed. Articles about the biological materials in repair of muscle and tendon were included, repeated studies or Meta analysis was excluded. Totally 19 articles chiefly focus on the biological materials in repair of muscular tendon damage. RESULTS: The developing tissue engineering research provides a reliable biological materials and technological ensure for the repair of exercise-induced muscle tendon injury, biological materials have many advantages in repair of tendon injury, such as good compatibility with human tissue, susceptible to absorb by tissues and difficult to infection, no adhesion or fracture, no rejection. At the same time, the proper use of artificial biomaterials offers a possibility and ensure for the rapid rehabilitation of muscular tendon injury. CONCLUSION: The tendon healing results from the endogenous and exogenous healing effect, mainly endogenous healing, while correlates with the tendon sheath, vincula tendinum and synovial fluid; tendon adhesions are mostly associated with too much exogenous healing and peritendon damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection and biocompatibility of scaffolds for sports articular cartilage defects Wang Xiang-chun 2011, 15 (12):  2233-2236.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.035 Abstract ( 213 )   PDF (684KB) ( 368 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone cartilage scaffold is used for loading cells, as a carrier of cell adhesion, growth, proliferation, differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of scaffold materials for sports articular cartilage defects and their biocompatibility as biological substitute materials. METHODS: Using “articular cartilage, biological materials, engineering cartilage, scaffolds, biocompatibility” as the Chinese key words and “tissue engineering, articular cartilage, scaffold material” as the English key words, a computer retrieval of VIP database and PubMed database from January 1993 to November 2010 was performed. Articles about the repair of articular cartilage damage, biological materials, scaffold materials, and biocompatibility were included. 20 articles focus on the biocompatibility of biomaterials for repairing sports articular cartilage defects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Due to cell recognition signal, natural cartilage scaffolds have good biocompatibility, high cell adhesion rate, but poor mechanical properties. Some synthetic materials is poor in the biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and cell adhesion, synthetic polymers have good biocompatibility. Compound scaffolds utilize the advantages of different biological materials to restrain their limitations, thus becoming an ideal scaffold; the mixing ratio and mixture technology require further studies. There is no ideal scaffold to satisfy tissue engineering requirements, material properties will continue to increase through improvements of material preparation or composite of several different materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection and biomechanical features of repair materials for exercise-induced articular Wang Hong-bo, Liu Dong-xing, Ren Zhi-jie, Yin Shu-ren 2011, 15 (12):  2237-2240.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.036 Abstract ( 460 )   PDF (658KB) ( 372 )   Save BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage is non-vascular, lymphatic and nerve tissue, cartilage cells usually can not perform mitosis, resulting in limited ability to repair itself. Under physiological load, the articular cartilage often places in stress environments. According to its structure and characteristics of cartilage, it should have good biomechanical properties as an artificial cartilage replacement material. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application progress of repair materials for the exercise-induced articular cartilage injury and biomechanical characteristics as an alternative biomaterial. METHODS: Using “articular cartilage, biomaterials, biomechanics” in Chinese and “tissue engineering, articular cartilage, scaffold material, biomechanics” in English as the key words, a computer-based retrieval of China Academic Journal Full-text database and PubMed database was performed from January 1993 to October 2010. Articles related to exercise-induced articular cartilage injury and repair, currently used biomaterials in the repair of articular cartilage injury and its biomechanical characteristics as an alternative biomaterial; duplicated research or Meta analysis was eliminated. Twenty articles mainly focus on the biomechanical characteristics of repair materials in the repair of exercise-induced articular cartilage defects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Articular cartilage is an anisotropic, heterogeneous, viscoelastic and permeable material that is filled with liquid, it has unique mechanical properties. The biomechanics of injured articular cartilage are different from the original cartilage, and easy to degenerate. Mechanical properties of osteochondral transplantation are the best for recent period; acellular cartilage matrix and small intestine submucosa matrix have certain mechanical strength; the greatest drawback of ordinary polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel is insufficient mechanical properties; polyvinyl alcohol has good flexibility and high elastic property, and similar mechanical properties with human articular cartilage; n-HA slurry and polyamide 66 composite in a solvent, they are similar to natural bone in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. Various alternative materials of articular cartilage have different mechanical properties no matter it is synthetic materials, natural materials, or composite materials, cartilage tissues with similar mechanical properties as natural generated cartilage are not currently recycled. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of inflammatory factors after implantation of coronary artery scaffold material Ren Feng-xia, Ma Li 2011, 15 (12):  2241-2244.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.037 Abstract ( 236 )   PDF (643KB) ( 338 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the relationship of coronary artery stent material and changes of inflammatory factor after implantation of coronary artery stent material. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Wanfang database (1998-01/2010-12) was performed with the key words of “coronary artery stent, biocompatibility, inflammatory factor, cytokine, thrombus” in Chinese. Literatures about changes of inflammatory factor after implantation of coronary artery stent material were included, duplicated and Meta-analysis articles were excluded. RESULTS: The implantation of stents in coronary artery may lead to the injury of coronary artery, and promote the release of inflammatory factors in vivo cells. According to the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cytokine, it can be well reflected local vascular damage degree and inflammation levels after implantation of scaffold. Drug-eluting stents can significantly reduce incidence of restenosis and rate of target lesion revascularization after implantation of stents, and significantly increase the information of late stent thrombosis. CONCLUSION: Stents contacted with blood and vessel wall can produce inflammation and sensitization reaction after the implantation of stent in vivo, therefore, inflammation and anti-coagulation therapy should be fully controlled before and after the implantation of stents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research status of modification methods for some silver-carrying antibacterial agents Yang Li-na, Lü Qiao, Guo Wei, Li Qing-yan, Zheng Xin-ying, Gao Ning 2011, 15 (12):  2245-2248.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.038 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (731KB) ( 1022 )   Save BACKGROUND: Silver-carrying antibacterial agent has become a research hotspot in inorganic antibacterial agents for oral cavity, because of high biosafety, super antibacterial activity and no drug toletance. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the structure and silver-carrying principle of some common anti-bacterial agent as well as their modification way (silver-carrying approach, silver-carrying environment) on the anti-bacterial effect, improving the defects of raw materials. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and OVID database from 2000 to 2010 was performed for articles about the silver-carrying anti-bacterial agents and their carriers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No matter traditional zeolite, phosphate and other carriers, or new nano-silver, people are continuously modifying the self characteristics and silver-carrying of the materials so as to obtain a silver-carrying antibacterial agent, through the modification, we hope that the dosage can be reduced and the antibacterial activity can be increased beside their shortage. The expectant silver-carrying antibacterial agent can not only depend on the nanotechnology, but also the combine material, sustained-release and becoming an accessory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adhesion methods and problems of growth factors in demineralized bone matrix Ren Zhi-chao, Wang Xin, Liu Bao-lin 2011, 15 (12):  2249-2252.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.039 Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (616KB) ( 295 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a bio-derived bone engineering scaffolds, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) become more and more popular for its bone formation performance. However, the inherent induced protein of demineralized bone are less, bone inducing activity is limited. The effect of induced bone issue growth was significantly enhanced after demineralized bone combined with growth factor, which is conductive to bone injury and the rehabilitation of patients with bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To summarize combination method, research progress and the main problems of growth factor in DBM. METHODS: PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and Wanfang databases (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) were retrieved by the first author with the key words of “Demineralized bone, Growth factor, Combination” both in English and Chinese. Articles related to applied research of demineralized bone and growth factor in medicine and the relevant literature on growth factor and demineralized bone combination method were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The demineralized bone has excellent biocompatibility, biological activity and biodegradability, which can easily integrate with surrounding bone to support the growth of new bone tissue. The demineralized bone combined with the growth factor, not only can make the growth factor arrive to the bone defect accurately and uniformly, but also promote the growth of bone tissue and it will be more beneficial for bone transplantation and bone defects in rehabilitation of patients. At present, the composite method of the DBM combined with the growth factor still have some problems of loose combination and instable release of growth factors, etc. So the research and exploration of growth factor combined with DBM need to be further strengthened. Related Articles | Metrics

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Trufill detachable coils for acute ruptured intracranial aneurysms in one case Liu Bing-rong, Xiao Jin, Qian Jun, Ma Ji-min, Mao Jian-hua, Liu Jun 2011, 15 (12):  2253-2256.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.040 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (570KB) ( 389 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intracranial aneurysms are often treated using Guglielmi detachable coils, which need long detachment time and more rigid detach area. Moreover Guglielmi detachable coils have a higher incidence of complications, thus it is not conducive to small aneurysm embolization. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of the Trufill detachable coil in a treatment of acute ruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: A case of subarachnoid hemorrhage with CT scanning was diagnosed as intracranial aneurysm by digital subtraction angiography. Trufill detachable coil was selected to embolize aneurysms. RESULTS ANDCONCLUSION: After treatment, intracranial aneurysm was treated with coils packing successfully, for 99%.The bleeding was under control. The super-softness of hydro-detachable coils and the compliance of the aneurysm wall, as well as the simple operation, can increase the possibility of compactable embolization for intracranial aneurysms, and reduce the complications, considered as an optimal embolization method of acute ruptured intracranial aneurysms currently. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and safety evaluation of different types of heart valve biomaterials Chen Xiao-wei, Chi Yi-fan, Niu Zhao-zhuo, Hou Wen-ming, Sun Zhong-dong, Sun Yong 2011, 15 (12):  2257-2260.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.041 Abstract ( 215 )   PDF (208KB) ( 342 )   Save BACKGROUND: Heart valve tissue engineering is aimed to construct heart valve grafts with the physiological function and biological activity by using engineering and life science principles and methods, but still in the animal experiment stage. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the commonly used tissue engineered heart valve, and to evaluate the reliability of different types of heart valve biomaterials. METHODS: Using “biological materials, heart valve, scaffolds, reviews, tissue engineering” in Chinese as the key words, a computer retrieval was performed for articles published from January 2000 to December 2010. Articles regarding the biomaterials in tissue engineered heart valve were included; the duplicated research or meta-analysis were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 20 papers about the biomaterials and tissue engineering heart valve were screened out. Due to the superior biocompatibility and three-dimensional conformation, natural scaffold materials exhibit unparalleled bionic property compared with other materials. Synthetic biodegradable polymer materials with good mechanical properties and controllability has thus been highly favored by researchers, while the composite scaffold materials of natural materials and polymer materials provides a new strategy and direction for the investigations of tissue engineered heart valve, and has broad application prospects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adsorptive dialysis for cleaning uremic middle molecular substances Guo Ai-hua, Meng Jian-zhong, Li Dan-dan, Liu Wen-yuan, Wang Su-xia, Gao Fei, Jing Ying, 2011, 15 (12):  2261-2264.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.042 Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (380KB) ( 532 )   Save BACKGROUND: Conventional hemodialysis mainly for cleaning uremic micro molecule substance, such as urea nitrogen or creatinine; however, few hemodialyses can clean uremic middle molecule substances (MMS). With prolonged dialysis duration, MMS accumulates in vivo and induces a series of complications.   OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficiency of adsorptive dialysis (hemoperfusion unites hemodialysis) and conventional hemodialysis in cleaning uremic MMS.  METHODS: Totally 60 maintenance hemodialysis patients were averagely divided into the adsorptive dialysis group and conventional hemodialysis group. First of all, hemoperfusion apparatus and dialyser were connected in series to take the adsorptive dialysis in the adsorptive dialysis group (hemoperfusion apparatus were equipped before dialyser). 120 minutes later, the hemoperfusion apparatus was toke off and continues to hemodialysis for 120 minutes. Duration of conventional hemodialysis was 240 minutes. Changes in clinical symptoms and levels of liver function, kidney function, serum electrolytes, hemocytes and uremic MMS were observed prior to and after treatment.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adsorptive dialysis could remove the MMS notably. Compared with the conventional hemodialysis group, a single 120 minutes treatment could decrease MMS significantly (P < 0.05). The platelet levels were obviously decreased in the adsorptive dialysis group after treatment (P < 0.05), which were significantly different from the conventional hemodialysis group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in liver function, kidney function or serum electrolytes concentration. But related symptoms, such as the skin itch, sleep disorders and myalgia, were relieved more or less. Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal-origin osteochondral scaffold combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/chondrocytes for repair of composite osteochondral defects in rabbit knee joints Tan Wen-cheng, Zha Zhen-gang, Zhang Jia-qing, Zheng Li-heng, Liang Yao-zhong, Xia Ji-sheng, Huang Xin-pei, Wu Hao, Lin Hong-sheng 2011, 15 (12):  2265-2269.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.043 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (456KB) ( 533 )   Save BACKGROUND: Though there were many experiments addressing repairing osteochondral defects before, faulty restoration occurred at coupling interfaces.   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of repairing of osteochondral composite defects in rabbit knees with animal-origin osteochondral scaffold combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)/chondrocytes. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the experimental, control and blank groups and prepared for unilateral knee joint osteochondral defects. Animal-origin osteochondral scaffold combined with BMSCs/chondrocytes, animal-origin osteochondral scaffold and no material was implanted to repair the defects in the experimental, control and blank groups, respectively. Healing condition was evaluated by gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and toluidine blue staining at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks after operation, gross observation showed the defects were repaired completely without local depression and the regenerated tissues were fused with surrounding tissues in the experimental group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and toluidine blue staining revealed that there were many new hyaline cartilages in the cartilage defects in which columnar cells were lined well and cartilage lacuna was obviously, also, there were many bony tissues in the bone defects. The regeneration cartilage, the underlying subchondral bone and host bone were coupled completely. The toluidine blue positive rate and histologic scores of the experimental group were superior to those of the control and blank groups (P < 0.05). It is demonstrated that animal-origin osteochondral scaffold combined with BMSCs/chondrocytes is an ideal method to repair defects between cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties and clinical application of collagen sponge Cai Min-qian, Wang Xiao-jie, Li Xiao-kun 2011, 15 (12):  2270-2274.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.044 Abstract ( 497 )   PDF (374KB) ( 773 )   Save BACKGROUND: Collagen sponge is considered the most useful biomaterial owing to its excellent function and properties, easy processing, sterilization, and preservation and has been widely used in scientific research and clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To describe the properties of collagen sponge and to review the research progress of collagen sponge in clinical application in recent years. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author to search for manuscripts published from January 2000 to August 2010 in Pubmeds and Elsevier databases and for manuscripts published from January 1993 to August 2010 in CNKI database using key words “collagen, collagen sponge, clinical application” in title and abstract items in English and Chinese language, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Collagen sponge, as a new biological material, has been widely applied in tissue engineering research in terms of hemostasis, wound healing, anti-infection, cartilage repair, and nerve repair. But at present, nearly all collagen is from animals and immunogenicity cannot be thoroughly eliminated. Researchers outside of China have synthesized recombinant human collagen using bioreactor and transgenic technology, but its efficacy and safety in clinical application needs further investigation and research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteogenic ability of cryopreserved bone marrow stromal cells complex in vivo Zheng Yu-qian, Yuan Fang, Yan Fu-hua, Zhao Xin, Lin Min-kui 2011, 15 (12):  2275-2278.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.045 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (406KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have demonstrated that cryopreserved bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) still maintain high survival rate, cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potentials after thawing. However, this result needs confirmed in vivo environment.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of cryopreserved BMSCs and collagenic membrane BME-10X complex on type Ⅰ collagen synthesis in vivo. METHODS: Beagle dog BMSCs were cultured in vitro and cryopreserved for 12 months, which were thawed and prepared complexes with collagenic membrane. The complexes were cultured with mineralization induction medium or normal medium for 5 days, followed by implanting into nude mice. The specimens were harvested and analyzed by gross observation, histopathological and immunohistochemistry at 4 weeks after implantation. The collagenic membrane cultured with mineralization induction medium served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the control group, the boundary of collagenic membrane was distinctly, without cell growth around boundary or intra collagenic membrane, additionally, there was little type Ⅰ collagen. In the non-induction group, cells grew into collagenic membrane, trabes-like collagen formed, and type Ⅰ collagen distribution increased at 4 weeks. In the induction group, scaffold degraded, more cells grew, and plenty of collagen formed osteoid-like tissues. The distribution of typeⅠcollagen was obviously increased than that of other groups. The findings demonstrated that cryopreserved BMSCs possess strong osteogenic differentiation potentials after proliferation and induction combined with collagenic membranes in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics