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08 October 2017, Volume 21 Issue 28 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Trans-differentiation from osteoblasts to adipocytes in indirect co-culture Qi Xin-wen, An Rong-ze, Li Yi-fei, Yuan Xiao-hong, Chen Jun-ping, Tan Wei-yuan, Ye Yan-bin 2017, 21 (28):  4429-4435.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.001 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (1343KB) ( 167 )   Save BACKGROUND: Co-culture technique makes different kinds of cells cultured in the same system. The trans-differentiation from osteoblasts to adipocytes is usually analyzed under the action of adipogenesis inducers in vitro, but the cellular interactions in vivo are neglected. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the trans-differentiation from osteoblasts to adipocytes in indirect co-culture using Transwell system. METHODS: Mouse preadipocytes 3t3-l1 were induced to adipocytes. There were three groups: group A: mature adipocytes in the lower chamber of Transwell system; group B: mouse osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 in the upper chamber of Transwell system according to a ratio of 1:4 (MC3T3-E1:3t3-l1); group C: mouse osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 alone. At 7, 14, and 21 days the cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope, the relative level of triglyceride, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 in each group were detected, and red oil O staining and alizarin red staining were performed. The cell proliferation inhibition rate in the groups B and C were detected at 0, 24 and 36 hours.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 2 weeks after culture, spindle-shaped 3t3-l1 cells changed into round, the light and round lipid droplets in the cytoplasm were increased and were reserved after identified by oil red O staining. In the group B, the cells presented with spindle shape with no transparent lipid droplets after 7-day co-culture until black granules and small round lipid droplets appeared on day 14; and the cells changed from spindle shape to oval or round, and larger lipid droplets were found on day 21. Alizarin red staining results: the staining region in the group B was on a decline with time, while the group C showed no significant changes at each time point and all appeared with large staining region. Oil red O staining results: the staining region in the group B increased gradually in a time-dependant manner, while the group C was negative for oil red O staining and showed no significant changes at different time points. The relative level of triacylglycerol in the group B was increased with time, and there was significant difference between groups A and B (P < 0.05), and the group C showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). The cell proliferation inhibiting rate in the group B was increased with time, which showed significant difference from the group C (P < 0.05). The expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 in the group B was on a rise with time, which had significant difference compared with the groups A and C (P< 0.05). These results indicate that the trans-differentiation from osteoblasts to adipocytes appears in the Transwell system, and metabolic products and cytokines of adipocytes obviously inhibit the proliferation of osteoblasts, but all above conclusions need to be studied in depth. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implication of Dickkopf-1 and cell apoptosis in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head Kong Ling-yue, Liu Wan-lin, Ren Yi-zhong 2017, 21 (28):  4436-4441.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.002 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 199 )   Save BACKGROUND: The roles of osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) have arouse much attention, and its pathogenesis has been understood gradually. But there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms underlying osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis. Meanwhile, hormones have been shown to enhance the Dickkopf-1 expression in Wnt signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of Dickkopf-1 and cell apoptosis in steroid-induced ANFH, and to understand their correlations with steroid-induced ANFH. METHODS: Necrotic femoral head samples were removed from 14 patients with steroid-induced ANFH after total hip arthroplasty (experimental group), and normal femoral heads were from 8 patients with femoral neck fracture (control group). The cellular morphology was observed using transmission electron microscope; the number of empty lacunae was counted through hematoxylin-eosin staining; the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay; the expression level of Dickkopf-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the correlation between the Dickkopf-1 positive rate and apoptosis index of osteocytes was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of empty lacunae, expression level of Dickkopf-1, and apoptosis index of osteocytes in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the Dickkopf-1 positive rate was positively correlated to the apoptosis index of osteocytes (r=0.623). These results indicate that Dickkopf-1 and osteocyte apoptosis both play key roles in steroid-induced ANFH, and increased Dickkopf-1 level may promote the development of ANFH. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Platelet-rich plasma combined with conventional surgery in the treatment of atrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures: study protocol for a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial Zhao Zi-chun, Li Zhao-wei, Yan Hong-xiu, Tang Bao-ming, Li Chun-liang, Zhang Qi-fu, Ren Rong, Li Pei, Jia Sheng-long 2017, 21 (28):  4442-4447.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.003 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 161 )   Save BACKGROUND: Internal and external fixation combined with autologous bone graft for treating atrophic nonunion has a long treatment cycle, and moreover, it cannot achieve a 100% cure rate. Platelet-rich plasma contains a variety of growth factors and a large number of white blood cells, and contributes to tissue healing. However, there is no clinical study on the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma combined with  conventional surgery in the treatment of atrophic nonunion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China. Ninety-two patients with atrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures were equally and randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Patients in the control group received conventional surgery. Patients in the experimental group were injected with autologous platelet-rich plasma on the basis of conventional surgery. The primary outcome was fracture healing rate at postoperative 9 months. The secondary outcomes were visual analogue scale scores in resting state and during passive motion, healing time, treatment costs, and adverse reactions. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University of China (approval number: QHG0223A) on May 20, 2014. Written informed consent was provided by each patient and their family members after they fully understood the treatment plan. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Our partial results demonstrated that visual analogue scale scores and complications were similar between the two groups at postoperative 1–3 days. The healing rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The healing time was significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group. This trial will provide objective data for the clinical use of platelet-rich plasma combined with conventional surgery for the treatment of atrophic nonunion.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of serum vitamin D with bone mineral density of middle-aged and elderly patients in southern China Zhang Liang-ming, Yang Yang, Chen Zhen-xiang, He Tian-wei, He Lei, Liu Bin, Rong Li-min 2017, 21 (28):  4448-4453.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.004 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (1076KB) ( 144 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is a key substance that promotes calcium absorption and maintains the health of skeletal system, but its relationship with bone mineral density remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between serum level of vitamin D and bone mineral density in the middle-aged and elderly patients in southern China. METHODS: The patients aged over 50 years old admitted in the clinic and in-patient department of a large-scale 3A hospital from July 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled and the clinical data were collected. Then, the association between the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and bone mineral density (at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip) was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 1 154 patients (77.2% female) were enrolled with a mean age of (64.62±10.48) years, and the mean serum level of 25(OH)D was (62.07±37.40) nmol/L. The serum level of 25(OH)D decreased with age increasing, and the proportion of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in patients aged 50-59, 60-69 and ≥ 70 years old was 71.3%, 77.0% and 80.1%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the serum level of 25(OH)D was not associated with bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, but had a weakly positive correlation with bone mineral density at the femoral neck and total hip (r=0.09 and 0.08, P < 0.01). For patients with vitamin deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 50 nmol/L), there was a significantly positive correlation between serum level of vitamin D and bone minerat density at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip (r =0.117, 0.120 and 0.146, P < 0.01). After subgroup analysis, vitamin D level was not associated with bone mineral density in male, but was significantly associated with that in female (r=0.105, 0.135 and 0.171 for the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip, respectively, P < 0.01). Therefore, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is common in middle-aged and elderly patients in southern China. The serum level of vitamin D is not related to bone mineral density in male, but was positively correlated with that in female. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of staring at mobile phone on static balance, plantar pressure gait characteristics and lower limb joints in young men Jin Zong-xue, He Hui, Ruan Bin, Guo Hui, Xiong Kai-yu 2017, 21 (28):  4454-4461.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.005 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (1351KB) ( 183 )   Save BACKGROUND: Smartphones are a double-edged sword, which not only bring convenience, but also result in excessive reliance. Especially the youth often gaze at their phones when standing or walking, which may affect their static standing balance and plantar pressure gait characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of staring at mobile phones when standing or walking on the static balance, plantar pressure and gait characteristics in young men, thus informing its negative effect on gait characteristics and lower limb joints.  METHODS: Twenty health young men were selected, the plantar pressure when normal standing and walking was measured using Loran plantar pressure analysis system (NO. MPS, Italy). After 20 minutes of rest, the same measurement was performed in all participants staring at mobile for 10 minutes during standing or walking. The relative indexes were compared between two conditions after data collection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When young men staring at mobile phone for 20 seconds during standing, the fluctuation speed, displacement and track area were significantly larger than those during normal standing (P < 0.05); moreover, the contact area, pressure peak and average pressure of the first and second metatarsus in plantar area were significantly larger than those during normal standing (P < 0.05), while the parameters of heel lateral area were significantly lower than those during normal standing (P < 0.05). The stride and speed when staring at mobile phone during walking were significantly smaller than those during normal walking (P < 0.05); the support time of two feet and angle between feet were significantly larger than those during normal walking; the contact area, pressure peak and average pressure of the 4th and 5th metatarsus in plantar area and heel lateral area were significantly larger than those during normal walking. These results suggest that the gravity is less stable and more anterior when young men staring at mobile phone during standing than during normal standing. Staring at mobile phone during walking can alter the gait characteristics, resulting in longer support time, shorter stride, slower step speed, larger walking angle and higher lateral plantar pressure. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Functional rehabilitation training improves adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Fu Tao, Li Yan-hu 2017, 21 (28):  4462-4468.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.006 Abstract ( 533 )   PDF (1335KB) ( 330 )   Save BACKGROUND: Various methods are involved in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and functional rehabilitation training can provide support for clinical rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the positive effects of exercise on the weak links of spinal mechanical disturbance, and to fully improve AIS through sport rehabilitation. METHODS: Nineteen AIS patients were randomly divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=9) groups, followed by given manual reduction combined with functional rehabilitation training, or manual reduction combined with conventional strength training. The shape of the spine was acquired under different postures using X-ray and Spinalmouse. The spinal lateral flexion strength was assessed by Back-Check tester. The range of motion of the waist was measured by joint angle measurement apparatus. The patients’ subjective feeling was measured through Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire. All data underwent t-test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 32-week intervention, the Cobb angle and distance of top cone deviating from the midline of sacrum had significant difference between experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). The experimental group patients had the sagittal spinal joint angle that was closer to the physiological curve. There was a significant difference in the muscle strength between experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). The range of motion of the waist under anteflexion, as well as posterior extension and right lateroflexion showed significant difference between experimental and control groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that functional rehabilitation training can improve the control ability of deep muscle groups and muscle strength and endurance. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of MAPK signaling pathway in osteopontin-mediated ossification of the ligamentum flavum Li Xue-bin, Xu Zheng, Zhou Sheng-yuan, Liu Xiao-dong, Wang Zhi-qing, Xu Guo-feng, Chen Xiong-sheng 2017, 21 (28):  4469-4474.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.007 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (4749KB) ( 158 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is an important signal transduction system. Our precious animal experiments have shown that osteopontin can mediate the ossification of the ligamentum flavum. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of MAPK signaling pathway in osteopontin-induced ossification of the ligamentum flavum. METHODS: The ligamentum flavum specimens obtained from 16 cases undergoing thoracic/lumbar posterior decompression surgery were divided into ossification and non-ossification groups (n=8 per group). The expression of osteopontin and its receptors CD44 and integrin was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The activation of phosphorylation in MAPK signaling pathway was detected by western blot assay. The MAPK signaling pathway was blocked by SB203580 or U0126 blocker alone to observe the induction of osteopontin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteopontin and its receptor CD44 were expressed in the ossification group, but not in the non-ossififcation group. However, the expression of integrin was not detected in the ossification group. The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the ligamentum flavum were significnatly increased under the induction of osteopontin (P < 0.05), and osteopontin could activate the phosphorylation of P38 and ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway (P < 0.05), but the phosphorylation of JNK was not obvious. p38 phosphorylation blocked with SB203580 blocker could significantly inhibit the osteopontin-induced osteoblast differentiation of ligament flavum cells (P < 0.05), while U0126 blocker had no obvious effect. These results indicate that p38 in MAPK signaling pathway is a key molecule in osteopontin-mediated ossification of the ligamentum flavum. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, culture and identification of New Zealand white rabbit talar chondrocytes Wang Yong-ping, Zhu Zhao-jin, Xu Xiang-yang 2017, 21 (28):  4475-4480.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.008 Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (4232KB) ( 157 )   Save BACKGROUND: Based on the previous studies, the New Zealand rabbit talar chondrocyts were isolated, cultured and identified in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To explore the isolation, culture and identification of New Zealand rabbit talar chondrocyts in vitro. METHODS: The chondrocyts were isolated from the talar cartilage of New Zealand white rabbits by type II collagen enzyme digestion, and then cultured in vitro. The cells were identified by inverted phase contrast microscope, toluidine blue staining and collagen type II immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under the inverted phase contrast microscope, most of passaged chondrocytes presented with polygonal or triangle shape and had round or oval nuclei. Toluidine blue staining showed the hyacinthine chondrocytes and blue cellular matrix. Collagen type II immunohistochemical staining showed that the chondrocytes appeared with brown granules in the cytoplasm and membrane. To conclude, a system that can isolate, culture and identify talar chondrocytes from New Zealand rabbits is successfully established. Talar chondrocytes at passages 1-3 grow well and have stable biological properties.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Histomorphological changes of the fungiform papillae and taste buds as well as the expression of Shh during the tongue development in mice Li Rui-qi, Huang Xiao-feng, Chen Guang-yong, Zhang Rui 2017, 21 (28):  4481-4485.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.009 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (4799KB) ( 170 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fungiform and circumvallate papillas on the surface of the mammal tongue mucosa are mainly associated with taste. Taste abnormalities seriously affect patients’ quality of life, so it is of significance to understand the developmental processes of fungiform papilla and taste buds, for hypogeusia treatment. OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological changes of mouse tongue fungiform papilla and taste buds during their developmental processes. METHODS: The tongues of C57BL/6J mice were observed by scanning electron microscope and hematoxylin eosin staining at embryonic days 13.5-18.5 (E13.5-E 18.5), postnatal (PN) days 0.5, 4.5, 7.5, 14.5, 21.5, 90.5, and postnatal 1.5 years (PN1.5Y), and Shh antibody was used for immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical staining of S-100 was performed on the tongue specimens of the mice at E16.5 and E18.5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of fungiform papilla was mainly determined at E13.5-E14.5. From E15.5, the papilla gradually matured in morphology. Taste bud development began at E16.5, and the taste pore began to form at PN7.5. In adult and old age, taste bud cells and intercellular substances were reduced, and keratosis surrounding the fungiform papillae was visible. Shh was expressed in the epithelial cells of fungiform papilla at E14.5, in the epithelial cells at the tip of the fungiform papilla at E16.5 and E18.5, and in adult and elderly taste bud cells. These results suggest that Shh plays an important role in the development, maturation and maintenance of fungiform papillae and taste buds. S-100 is expressed in the connective tissue beneath the fungiform papillae at E18.5, indicating that the nerve extension may be involved in the development and maturation of taste buds. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional finite element study on biomechanical effects of orthognathic surgery on the temporomandibular joint of skeletal mandibular retrusion Tian Tao, Wang Wei, Zheng Wei-yin, Li Yan, Ren Kai-ge 2017, 21 (28):  4486-4492.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.010 Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (1690KB) ( 178 )   Save BACKGROUND: Generally, orthognathic surgery is used for skeletal mandibular retrusion. As the fulcrum of the masticatory loads on the temporomandibular joint, the mandible connects orthognathic surgery on itself with temporomandibular joint closely. However, the influence of orthognathic surgery on temporomandibular joint has not yet been fully unified. Finite element method has been widely used in the research concerning stomatology in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To establish a finite element model of temporomandibular joint and mandible with masticatory muscles before and after orthognathic surgery on the mandible and to investigate the long-term influence of orthognathic surgery on the biomechanics of temporomandibular joint. METHODS: The data of CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction of a patient with skeletal mandibular retrusion were used to simulate surgical mandibular advancement with sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and the distance of advancement was 4, 8 and 10 mm, respectively. The Von Mises stress of the condyles and articular fossae were obtained based on finite element method.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The finite element models of temporomandibular joint and mandible with masticatory muscles before and after orthognathic surgery of the patient with skeletal mandibular retrusion were established successfully, the stress nephograms and maximum Von Mises stress in each region of the condyles and articular fossae were obtained. To conclude, the finite element models are successfully established by Mimics, Geomagic Studio, Unigraphics NX and Workbench synthetically. The standard orthognathic surgery generally does not affect the condyle and glenoid fossa of the patient with skeletal mandibular retrusion negatively in the long-term. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Real-time PCR quantification of Treponema denticola in subgingival plaque from patients with different severities of chronic periodontitis Zhang Xue-mei, Liu Pei-pei, Liu Jun, Zhang Bao-rong 2017, 21 (28):  4493-4498.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.011 Abstract ( 447 )   PDF (1115KB) ( 118 )   Save BACKGROUND: Oral treponemes (especially Treponema denticola) are widely considered to play important roles in the occurrence and development of chronic peridontitis. Treponema denticola can be detected in both periodontal patients and healthy individuals, so its pathogenicity may depend on its relative numbers in subgingival plaque. OBJECTIVE: To detect the number of Treponema denticola in subgingival plaque of patients with different severities of chronic periodontitis and to investigate the relationship between the bacterial colonization and the periodontal status. METHODS: Subgingival plaque samples were respectively taken from 132 patients with chronic periodontitis and 40 healthy controls, admitted in the Department of Stomatology, Aviation General Hospital of Chinese Medical University from July 2015 to August 2016. Based on the clinical data, 132 patients were divided into mild (n=41), moderate (n=46), and severe (n=45) groups. The presence, relative numbers and proportion of Treponema denticola in the samples were detected by TaqMan real-time PCR assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the presence of Treponema denticola in subgingival plaque between healthy and periodontal participants. The relative numbers and proportion of Treponema denticola in the periodontal patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (P < 0.000 1). The quantification of Treponema denticola in different stages of periodontitis did show significant differences (P < 0.05). In addition, the bacterial level and proportion of Treponema denticola were positively correlated to the probing depths (P < 0.000 1). When the probing depth was more than  7 mm, the bacterial level and proportion of Treponema denticola were significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that Treponema denticola widely exists in subgingival plaque of human. The bacterial load and proportion of Treponema denticola are tightly related to the severity of periodontitis and probing depth. The higher bacterial level and proportion of Treponema denticola indicate a severer periodontitis. Moreover, real-time PCR possesses a broad potential in the studies on etiology, diagnosis and treatment of periodontology. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early detection of left ventricular global longitudinal peak strain in the diagnosis of high-risk coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in elderly patients: study protocol for a single-center diagnostic trial Huang Kai-wei, Liu Hua, Bai Gang, Zhang Wen-jun 2017, 21 (28):  4499-4504.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.012 Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (949KB) ( 145 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that tissue Doppler echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography are minimally invasive imaging methods used to screen for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. However, they are not highly sensitive and specific for patients with suspected heart disease presenting with normal ventricular wall motion or for patients with early coronary heart disease. The newly emerging three-dimensional longitudinal strain imaging technology can overcome these shortcomings and has become a relatively mature technique for quantitative assessment of myocardial function. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early diagnosis value of left ventricular global longitudinal peak strain (LVGLPS) measured by three-dimensional longitudinal strain imaging technology for high-risk coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.  METHODS:This is a single-center, open-label, diagnostic trial. Three hundred elderly patients suspected of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease receiving treatment at the Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Taihe Hospital of China from January 2013 to January 2018 are included in this study. These patients will be divided into three groups: low-risk group (n=100; ≥ 70% diameter stenosis in one or two branches of the right main coronary artery and the left circumflex artery), high-risk group (n=100; ≥ 50% diameter stenosis in the left main coronary artery or ≥ 70% diameter stenosis in the left anterior descending branch), and control group (n=100; <50% diameter stenosis in the main coronary arteries and all branches). All patients will undergo conventional echocardiography followed by three-dimensional longitudinal strain imaging to measure the LVGLPS. The LVGLPS will be compared among the three groups. The primary outcome measure is the sensitivity of the LVGLPS for prediction of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The secondary outcome measures are: the specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and accuracy rate of the LVGLPS for prediction of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; change in the LVGLPS; change in conventional echocardiography parameters; and change in the receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of high-risk coronary atherosclerotic heart disease using the LVGLPS. This study will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients have been informed of the study protocol and procedure and have provided written informed consent. This trial was approved by Taihe Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine) with the approval No. 2013(03) in January 2013. Participant recruitment and data collection began in January 2013 and will continue through December 2017. Outcome measure analysis will be performed and the trial will be completed in January 2018. Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and publications in peer-reviewed journals. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrial.gov (identifier: ChiCTR-DDD-17012839).  DISCUSSION: The findings from this study will help to confirm that three-dimensional longitudinal strain imaging technology is highly sensitive and specific for patients with abnormal coronary arteries with suspected coronary heart disease but who present with normal ventricular wall motion. The change in the LVGLPS contributes to early diagnosis of high-risk coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in elderly patients. This helps clinicians to diagnose early coronary heart disease and take timely strategies to avoid serious cardiovascular events as much as possible. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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MicroRNA expression profile in the process of cyclic mechanical stretch promoting C2C12 myogenesis He Yu-tong, Zhang Ma-hui, Song Chen, Ye Gen-lan, Yu Lei, Qiu Xiao-zhong, Wang Le-yu 2017, 21 (28):  4505-4511.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.013 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (1262KB) ( 246 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of skeletal muscle injury becomes higher and higher, but the skeletal muscle repair ability is limited; therefore, studies on the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle repair play a positive role in the treatment of skeletal muscle injury. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of microRNA in skeletal muscle regeneration. METHODS: C2C12 myoblasts were cyclic stretched in vitro by the Flexercell-5000 flexible device, and the appropriate stretch condition which could induce myogenesis was selected. The microRNA expression alteration during mechanical stretch-induced myoblast myogenesis was explored using high-throughout sequencing, and the differentially expressed microRNAs were further studied by the bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 10% deformation, 0.125 Hz cyclic mechanical stretch could promote myoblast proliferation and increase MyoD and Myogenin expressions in C2C12 myoblasts. MicroRNA expression profile alteration, including the downregulated miR-500-3p/1934-5p/31-3p/378a-5p/3473b/331-3p/5097 and upregulated miR-340-5p/449c-5p/1941-3p, were all involved in the stretch-mediated myoblast myogenesis, and the MAPK signal pathway seemed to participate in this process. These results suggest that the low frequency of the cyclic mechanical stretch can upregulate the expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors through the alteration of MicroRNA expression, further inducing myogenesis, which the MAPK signal pathway may be involved in.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome in the hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction Zhang Zi-yi, Bo Hai, Yang Shuang, Yuan Yao, Zhang Yong 2017, 21 (28):  4512-4517.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.014 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (1274KB) ( 201 )   Save BACKGROUND: Whether NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor VX-765 on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, and to explore the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.  METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normoxia, hypoxia, and hypoxia plus VX-765 groups. The rats in the hypoxia group were subjected to hypoxia exposure in normobaric hypoxic tent with 11.3% O2. The hypoxia plus VX-765 group rats were given the intraperitoneal injection of VX-765 (50 mg/kg) daily. All of the interventions lasted for 4 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: VX-765 in hypoxia markedly inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, attenuated caspase-1 activity and interleukin-1β content, and suppressed mitochondrial H2O2 generation. In addition, VX-765 in hypoxia markedly enhanced the expression of mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α and cyclooxygenase IV, elevated mitochondrial membrane potent and ATP synthetase activity. These results indicate that hypoxia induces skeletal muscle dysfunction through activating NLRP3 inflammasome and impairing mitochondrial function. The hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction enhances reactive oxygen species generation and further triggers interleukin-1β production via the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In turn, interleukin-1β further impairs mitochondrial function through suppresseing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, resulting in a vicious circle between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in bone mineral density in a rabbit model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head Yu Jun-lun, Tang Xi, Huang Yu, Yang Lu-xi, Wu Shao-ping 2017, 21 (28):  4518-4522.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.015 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (4445KB) ( 197 )   Save BACKGROUND: The rabbit model of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) has been successfully established by glucocorticoid combined with lipopolysaccharide. OBJECTIVE: To observe the dynamic changes of bone mass in the early steroid-induced ONFH. METHODS: Twenty-four adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=12 per group). Rabbits in the experimental group were injected with lipopolysaccharide and glucocorticoid to establish the model of ONFH, while those in the control group given the same volume of normal saline. The changes in the femoral head structure, morphology and distribution of the trabecular bone at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after modeling were observed through multi-slice spiral CT, micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin staining; the bone mineral density and rate of empty lacunae were detected.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The imaging examinations showed that the rabbit femoral head was intact and smooth in both groups; on days 15 and 20, in the experimental group, the cortical bone became thinner, the trabecular bone became sparse and discontinuous, and the bone mineral density, tissue mineral density and bone volume/total volume were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The histological observation indicated that there were more empty lacunae and adipocytes, as well as less osteocytes and hematopoietic cells in the experimental group; the rate of empty lacunae in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group on days 15 and 20 (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that in the early stage of ONFH, necrotic osteocytes increase in number, accompanied by trabecular micro-fractures, which leads to a decrease in bone mineral density, eventually resulting in bone remodeling disturbance. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neurons in the hippocampus of chemobrain versus non-chemotherapy brain Li Jian-ping, Lu Wei, Yang Lin, Xie Mi-xin, He Xu, Pan Ai-hua 2017, 21 (28):  4523-4528.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.016 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (4667KB) ( 182 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy drugs have been shown to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and cause neurotoxicity, further damaging nerve cells. OBEJCTIVE: To investigate the changes in the expression and morphology of hippocampal neurons in chemobrain, and to investigate the underlying mechanism of nerve regeneration in chemobrain. METHODS: The brain specimens were obtained from the six patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy and six patients without chemotherapy, and were then subdivided into two groups: < 60 years and > 60 years groups (n=3 per group). Immunofluorescence staining with specific antibodies was used to detect the changes in the morphology and number of neurons in the hippocampus CA1, CA2 and CA3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of neurons positive for NeuN, DCX and PV in the hippocampal CA1, CA2 and CA3 in the chemotherapy group was significantly lower than that in the non-chemotherapy group. Moreover, the neurons positive for PV were smaller, with less and shorter nervous processes. Immunofluorescence staining findings showed that the < 60 years old patients in the chemotherapy group had less neurons positive for NeuN and DCX than that in the non-chemotherapy; for > 60 years old patients, there was no significant difference between two groups. These findings suggest that chemotherapy can downregulate the expression of immature neurons in the hippocampus and reduce the number of neurons in the hippocampus. Moreover, chemotherapy can change the morphology and reduce the number of PV neurons. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and assessment of small animal models of osteoarthritis Wu Wei, Li Hui, Zou Jun, Wang Miao 2017, 21 (28):  4529-4535.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.017 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (4025KB) ( 142 )   Save BACKGROUND: Animal models of osteoarthritis are of great significance for the studies on its pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. There are various osteoarthritis models that certainly simulate the development of human osteoarthritis. Some stimulating factors have been found to participate in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To review the recent researches about animal models of osteoarthritis at home and abroad, and to assess different modeling methods and some stimulating factors related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of CNKI and PubMed databases before December 2016 was performed with the keywords of “osteoarthritis, animal models, stimulating factors, assessment grading system, outcome measurement” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally 57 eligible papers were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In recent years, the osteoarthritis models are mainly established by doing damage to the cruciate ligaments and meniscus, and evaluated by Mankin score; the age of experimental animals tend to be younger. (2) Animals developed maturely are rational, so as to avoid the effect of self-healing caused by growth factors on osteoarthritis occurrence.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of an animal model of osteoarthritis and its application in functional food research Chen Shi-jie, Lao Wen-yan, Zhou Yan-li, Li Yan-mei, Zhao Xiao-hong 2017, 21 (28):  4536-4542.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.018 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (1092KB) ( 149 )   Save BACKGROUND: Unclear pathogenesis of osteoarthritis results in a lack of radical therapy. The current studies mainly focus on pain relief and joint function improvement. Establishing an animal model is helpful to explore the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis, and also contributes to develop health food with new functions used for preventing and improving osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To overview the establishment of the osteoarthritic animal model and its application in functional food research, thereby providing scientific basis for reasonable selection of osteoarthritic animal models and screening tests of bioactive substances. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for the articles related to animal model establishment published before May, 2016, using the keywords of “osteoarthritis, animal model” in Chinese and English, respectively. Totally 157 articles were searched initially after repetitive ones excluded, and then 59 eligible articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Animal models of osteoarthritis are established in a variety of ways, and have their own advantages and disadvantages, with different application scopes. Therefore, we need select and establish appropriate animal models used for studying the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and screening more specific and effective substances that can prevent and improve osteoarthritis. Additionally, it is of great significance for further developing the corresponding functional health food to alleviate the patients’ pain and improve their quality of life.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and advantages of tissue engineering technique in the treatment of infected bone defects Wang Bu-xiang, Yang Tie-yi, Zhao Zhen-qun, Guo Shi-bing 2017, 21 (28):  4543-4549.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.019 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1275KB) ( 200 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many treatment methods for infected bone defects, but there is no first stage treatment method, which has the characteristics of sustained-release, anti-inflammation, osteogenic activity, bone conduction and degradable absorption. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the research progress of bone tissue engineering technique in the treatment of infected bone defects. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed, WanFang and CNKI databases was conducted for the articles published from 2000 to 2016, concerning the basic and clinical research on the local application of antibiotics; basic research on infected bone defects with sustained-release of antibiotics; basic studies on the source of seed cells and the osteogenic mechanism; and scaffold materials. A total of 55 eligible articles were included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Topical application of antibiotics exhibits different effects in the treatment of osteomyelitis. The development of bone tissue engineering has brought new hope for the treatment of bone defects, and in the meanwhile, selection of excellent seed cells has become a hot and difficult research. A rational combination of antibiotics, seed cells and scaffold materials may provide a new treatment strategy for infected bone defects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and progress of mandibular reconstruction Ma Cheng, Huang Xuan-ping 2017, 21 (28):  4550-4555.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.020 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (1160KB) ( 191 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are various methods used for mandibular reconstruction, but some problems still need to be solved.  OBJECTIVE: To summarize the methods, research progress, and existing problems of mandibular reconstruction, and forecast the future development. METHODS: The “mandibular reconstruction, bone tissue engineering, prosthesis device, operative complications” in English and Chinese served as the keywords to search the articles related to the research progress of mandibular reconstruction published from 1985 to 2017 in PubMed, WanFang and CNKI databases. The classification of mandibular defects, reconstruction methods were summarized, and the existing difficulties and development direction were explored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 48 eligible articles were enrolled. Considering that mandibular defects are complicated, an appropriate classification method is crucial for mandibular reconstruction and treatment. Immediate reconstruction is recommended for mandibular defects caused by tumor resection, which has been shown to be available for the recovery of facial appearance and function. Non-vascularized and vascularized bone grafts are commonly used for mandibular reconstruction, but large surgical trauma, complications and difficulty in occlusal relationship still trouble clinical surgeons. Those emerging technologies, such as rapid prototyping, computer aided design and computer aided manufacture, not only enhance the surgical precision, but also remarkably reduce the operation time, further achieving satisfactory reconstructive effects. Tissue engineering is a promising method in the reconstruction of mandibular defects, and its combination with computer aided design and computer aided manufacture can perfectly restore the mandibular function and morphology. However, the long-term efficacy in the repair of mandibular defects needs to be studied in depth.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway during tooth root development He Mei, Wu Jia-yuan 2017, 21 (28):  4556-4562.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.021 Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (846KB) ( 468 )   Save BACKGROUND: Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in tooth development and especially in  the root development, including the initiation of root development, Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath formation, root odontoblast and cementoblast proliferation and differentiation process. OBJECTIVE: To explain the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on tooth root development. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were searched for the literatures concerning odontoblast and cementoblast proliferation and differentiation as well as Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath formation mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during root development. Finally 41 eligible articles were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the tooth root development, Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway can regulate Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath integrity, so the inhibition of signaling pathway will block Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath formation, further inducing the failure in root odontoblasts and cementoblast differentiation. Loss or overexpression of the signal transduction pathway will inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of odontoblasts, and appear with root dentin formation disorder. Effect of β-catenin signal on cementum differentiation can be regulated by cell origin or developmental stage, surrounding microenvironment and Wnt-related activator and inhibitor concentration, thereby promoting or inhibiting cementoblasts to different exents. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different harvesting and purification methods on autologous adipocyte viability: theoretical research and application advances Wei Guo-qian, Sun Yin, Gu Luo-sha, Gu Jin-song 2017, 21 (28):  4563-4569.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.022 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (1090KB) ( 146 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to improve the survival rate after fat transplantation and reduce postoperative complications is always a hotspot. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress concerning the effect of different harvesting and purification methods on adipocyte viability. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and Elsevier databases was performed for the literatures addressing the effect of different harvesting and purification methods on adipocyte viability in autologous fat transplantation using the keywords of “autologous fat transplantation, fat grafting, harvesting,  aspiration, centrifugation, adipocyte graft survival, water jet-assisted liposuction, Nanofat Grafting” in English and Chinese, respectively. Irrelevant and repetitive papers were excluded, and finally 42 papers were included for further analysis． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autologous fat tissue has become the ideal filling material because of its remarkable advantages. Nonetheless, low adipocyte survival rate and post-transplantation complications, such as high absorption rate, probable cyst, and calcification, limit its clinical application. During autologous fat transplantation, multiple factors can affect the survival rate of fat tissues. It can assist surgeons to choose the optimal method to maximize autologous fat survival rate, reduce postoperative complications such as absorption by understanding the effect of different harvesting and purification methods on adipocyte viability. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of kinesio taping on biomechanics characteristics of ankle joint: theoretical research and application advances Luo Jiong, Zheng Bing, Xie Hao-dong 2017, 21 (28):  4570-4576.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.023 Abstract ( 440 )   PDF (1518KB) ( 175 )   Save BACKGROUND: Kinesio taping is commonly used, but there is a lack of rigorous and scientific research, especially in biomechanics and exercise. OBJECTIVE: To overview the biomechanics characteristics of the ankle joint after treatment with kinesio taping, and to summarize the biomechanics difference in kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography of the ankle joint between non-kinesio and kinesio taping. METHODS: Ovid Medline, Elsevier SDOL, PubMed and CNKI databases were retrieved for the Chinese and English literatures concerning the biomechanics and exercise performance of kinesio taping published before December 2015. Subsequently, all literatures were classified according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most of literatures support the viewpoint that kinesio taping can improve ankle joint stability, increase the arch height and decrease the external load of key muscles of the ankles and feet. Some studies have suggested that during landing, kinesio taping shortened the duration of the peak of support reaction forces, reduced the flexion force, and increased the loading rate of lower extremities, thereby resulting in an increased risk for injury. Other studies have shown that kinesio taping increases the recruitment of motor units and changes the order of neuromuscular contraction, but it cannot improve the athletic performance, and even decrease the athletic performance in most cases. Whether kinesio taping improves muscular force, increases the muscular performance, and increases the power of lower extremities is under discussion; hence, in-depth studies are needed in the future.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scientific assessment of post-exercise oxidative stress and reasonable antioxidant supplement Gao Zhao, Yang Xing-ping, Zhang Yuan, Lin Wen-tao 2017, 21 (28):  4577-4584.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.024 Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (1744KB) ( 169 )   Save BACKGROUND: The accumulation of free radicals after high-intensity exercise is an important factor for exercise induced fatigue and injuries, while the intake of exogenous antioxidants can improve the body function and antioxidant ability. There is still a lack of effective guidance and research on the reasonable supplement of antioxidants during and after exercise. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scientific methods for assessing post-exercise oxidative stress and the effectiveness of antioxidant supplement during exercise. METHODS: The ScienceDirect database was retrieved for relevant articles using the keywords of “sports, oxidative stress, antioxidants, mitochondria”. The included literatures addressing post-exercise oxidative stress injury and the antioxidant supplement were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise can enhance the antioxidant capacity, while a potential risk of oxidative damage will be increased gradually. Reasonable antioxidant supplementation plays an important role in improving the antioxidant ability, delaying the oxidative stress, and relieving damage to cellular structures and functions due to the imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. Supplementary pattern, total amount and timing are the key factors for treatment of oxidative stress damage as well as the adaptive changes of exercise capacity after high-intensity exercise. The variations of biomarkers such as 8-OHdG in human body fluid can be used as an important reference index for evaluating post-exercise oxidative stress, exercise adaptive recovery state and antioxidant supplementation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for frozen shoulder: a Meta-analysis Zhu Chang-e, Wei Rong, Zhang Sai-ji, Chen Wen-hua, Yu Bo 2017, 21 (28):  4585-4592.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.28.025 Abstract ( 493 )   PDF (1393KB) ( 256 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is a lack of evidence about the application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in frozen shoulder contracture syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the effectiveness of ESWT for frozen shoulder. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of knowledge, CNKI, WanFang and CqVip databases was performed for articles related to ESWT for frozen shoulder published before May 10, 2016. Randomized controlled trials or randomized controlled crossover trials were screened. The Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.0 software, and publication bias was assessed by Berg and Egger tests on Stata11.0 software. The continuous variables were expressedas standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and binary variables were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eleven trials were enrolled involving 816 participants. ESWT could effectively alleviate shoulder pain (P < 0.05, I2=54%). When excluded the trials of which control groups were medical interventions, the direction of the outcome did not change. ESWT was beneficial for the participants in terms of range of motion except extension, the changes in shoulder flexion (P < 0.05, I2=28%), shoulder abduction (P < 0.000 01, I2=17%), shoulder internal rotation (P < 0.05, I2=0%), shoulder external rotation (P < 0.05, I2=43%). However, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of ESWT versus control (conventional therapy) for improving the range of shoulder extension. ESWT could increase the efficiency of treating frozen shoulder (P < 0.05, I2=0.0%) and efficacy of curing frozen shoulder (P < 0.05, I2=0.0%) compared with other interventions, and with no significant difference in the drop rate. These results indicate that ESWT can effectively alleviate the pain of frozen shoulder, expand the range of shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, as well as improve the therapeutic efficiency and cure rate in the treatment of frozen shoulder. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics