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28 September 2017, Volume 21 Issue 27 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Finite element analysis of the mechanical properties of the hip joint after hip surface replacement   Shi Liang, Hui Wen-bin, Liu Zong-zhi, Yang Pei 2017, 21 (27):  4265-4270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.001 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (916KB) ( 458 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many researches on the finite element analysis of total hip arthroplasty, but the biomechanical distribution after hip surface replacement is little reported. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical characteristics after hip surface replacement based on three- dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: The three-dimensional finite element model after metal-to-metal hip surface replacement was established. The load of 350 N paralleling to the gravity line was loaded on the acetabulum. The stress distribution of the prosthesis and femur and the stress of the different regions of the femoral head were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stress value of the acetabular cup was significantly higher than that of the acetabular body ((0.63± 0.34) vs. (1.89±0.67) MPa, P < 0.05). (2) The stress was concentrated on the femoral neck. The femoral head and femoral neck junction appeared with stress occlusion. The stress around the femoral prosthesis stem was (158.24±28.79) MPa, and the stress value of the femoral prosthesis stem was (186.46±22.37) MPa, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05). (3) The stress value showed significant difference among femoral head regions (P < 0.05), and the stress of the regions 6 and 8 was significantly higher than that of the other regions (P < 0.05). (4) These results show that after metal-to-metal hip surface replacement, femoral neck stress is concentrated, the stress of the femoral prosthesis is occluded, and the stress at the medial femoral neck as well as the junction of femoral neck prosthesis and bone is larger.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of the hip joint stability with the dual-mobility acetabular cup   Ai Jin-wei, Han Ye-ping, Li Guang-hui, Du Chen-fei, Sun Yong-qiang 2017, 21 (27):  4271-4276.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.002 Abstract ( 932 )   PDF (1291KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: Patients with hip instability due to cerebral palsy, hemiplegia, infantile paralysis and extensive damage in gluteus medius, appear with high dislocation rate after arthroplasty, which is a great challenge for clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reconstruction of the hip joint stability with the dual-mobility acetabular cup, and to prevent the dislocation after replacement in patients with hip neuromuscular lesions. METHODS: Twelve cases of hemiplegia, infantile paralysis, developmental dysplasia of the hip and recurrent dislocation after hip arthroplasty admitted in the Orthopedic Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2010 to July 2014 were enrolled, then underwent joint replacement or revision with dual-mobility cup, and the dynamic stability of the hip was achieved by adjusting the abductor lever arm. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The followed-up time was from 20 to 60 months. (2) One year later, one case suffered Vancouver A right femoral fracture and received conservative treatment at 1 year postoperatively; one case of dislocation at postoperative 1 week, and dislocation, infection and loosening occurred in none cases. (3) These results manifest that those patients with neuromuscular disease and hip instability treated with hip joint arthroplasty using dual-mobility acetabular cup can reconstruct the stability of the hip joint and prevent the occurrence of postoperative dislocation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Proximal femoral nail versus hemiarthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in osteoporotic patients   Chen Li-ping, Liu Fu-sheng, Yang Yao-sheng 2017, 21 (27):  4277-4282.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.003 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (1552KB) ( 417 )   Save BACKGROUND: Both proximal femoral nail and hemiarthroplasty have been applied in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in osteoporotic patients. However, which has better curative efficacy is still under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of proximal femoral nail versus hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in osteoporotic patients. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients diagnosised with unstable intertrochanteric fractures and osteoporosis were selected, and were randomly divided into two groups, followed by treated with hemiarthroplasty (group 1, n=35)) and proximal femoral nail (group 2, n=32), respectively. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of incision, postoperative time in bed, hospitalization time and complications were recorded and compared between two groups. Harris hip scores were used to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative hip function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the group 1, the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and length of incision were more than those in the group 1, and the postoperative time in bed was less than that in the group 2 (P < 0.05). However, the healing and hospitalization time did not differ significantly between two groups (P > 0.05). (2) No significant difference was observed in the excellent and good rate in Harris hip scores between two groups at the last follow-up (P > 0.05). The postoperative pain scores in the group 1 were significantly superior to those in the group 2 (P < 0.05). (3) There were 1 case of delayed union and 1 case of lateral hip appearing with pain in the group 2. At the last follow-up, all patients healed completely, and no prosthesis dislocation, loosening or infection was found. (4) To condude, hemiarthroplasty provides early functional recovery and fewer complications, but with much surgical trauma. Proximal femoral nail shows similar treatment outcomes with hemiarthroplasty; therefore, it is a kind of alternative treatment strategy for unstable intertrochanteric fractures. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of the rotation angle of femoral prosthesis on the knee joint function after total knee arthroplasty: a 3-year follow-up   Xie Jun, Liu Wei, Yuan Feng-lai 2017, 21 (27):  4283-4287.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.004 Abstract ( 454 )   PDF (952KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: Femoral prosthesis malrotation will lead to various complications, such as femoro-tibial and patellofemoral instability, and maladjustment of patellar movement trajectory, further affecting the recovery of the knee function. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the rotation angle of the femoral prosthesis on the knee joint function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: Totally 146 patients (186 knees) undergoing TKA in the Department of Joint Surgery, Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital from January 2010 to January 2014 were selected. Afterwards, the femoral condyle torsion angle was measured on CT to evaluate the rotational position of the femoral prosthesis. According to the condyle torsion angle, all the patients were divided into three groups: normal group (n=74, extorsion angle 3°-intorsion angle 3°), intorsion group (n=15, intorsion angle > 3°) and group (n=58, extorsion angle > 3°). All the patients were followed up for 3 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The order of the activity function score was as follows: the normal group > extorsion group > intorsion group (P < 0.05). The standard activity, free activity and senior activity scores were highest in the normal group, followed by the extorsion group, and lowest in the intorsion group (P < 0.05). However, the standing and walking scores, as well as the satisfaction and expected scores did not differ significantly among groups. (2) That is to say, the rotational position of the femoral prosthesis influences the long-term knee joint function after TKA, so we should pay attention to the femoral prosthesis malrotation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of early gait training on the functional rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty   Li Li, Wang Zi, Yin Meng-hong, Li Qing, Qi Zhi-ming 2017, 21 (27):  4288-4293.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.005 Abstract ( 655 )   PDF (1142KB) ( 263 )   Save BACKGROUND: Knee arthroplasty can correct the joint deformity, alleviate the pain and improve the joint function, thereby improving the patients’ quality of life. Early rehabilitative training is the key to the functional recovery of the joint. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effectiveness of early gait training on the rehabilitation of patients after knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Eighty-six cases undergoing unilateral knee arthroplasty in the Department of Sports Medicine were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=43 per group). The experimental group was given rehabilitation instruction before operation, and the gait training was carried out just after the operation. The patients in the control group only received the basic rehabilitation training. The Visual Analogue Scale and the Hospital for Special Surgery scores were evaluated at baseline and 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively, and the clinical effectiveness was compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The range of motion of the knee in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). (2) At 8 weeks and 6 months postoperatively, the Visual Analogue Scale scores in the two groups both were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (3) At 2 weeks postoperatively, the Hospital for Special Surgery scores in both groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the scores at 8 weeks postoperatively in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P > 0.05); the scores at 6 months postoperatively in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (4) These findings suggest that compared with conventional training, early gaiting training can significantly improve the range of motion and pain of the knee, as well as enhance the functional recovery of the knee joint, which exhibits remarkable curative efficacy in the rehabilitation following knee arthroplasty.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analgesic effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation at the auricular Shenmen (H 7) point after total knee arthroplasty   Si Jian-luo, Yang Mu-qiang, Sima Liang-jie, Han Xue-chang, Ren Yan-yan 2017, 21 (27):  4294-4299.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.006 Abstract ( 563 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 546 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) exerts good analgesic effect, but its effectiveness and safety in analgesia after total knee arthroplasty have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic effect of TEAS at the auricular Shenmen (H 7) point in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Forty ASA I-III patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia combined with femoral nerve block were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=20 per group). The patients in the experimental group received TEAS at auricular Shenmen (H 7) point before anesthesia, 8, 16, 36, and 56 hours postoperatively for 30 minutes. The patients in the control group received same method with the experimental group, but without electrical stimulation. Ultrasound-guided continuous femoral nerve blockade was performed before induction, followed by tracheal tube was inserted and the patients were mechanically ventilated. The patients received patient-controlled continuous femoral nerve analgesia after surgery for 72 hours. The Visual Analogue Scale scores and the quadriceps maximum voluntary isometric contraction were recorded at postoperative 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The consumption of ropivacaine and tramadol hydrochloride was recorded. Additionally, the incidence of adverse reactions was recorded.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Visual Analogue Scale scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group at postoperative 48 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). (2) The quadriceps maximum voluntary isometric contraction in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group at each time point (P < 0.05). (3) The consumption of ropivacaine in the control group ((495.7±39.4) mL) was significantly more than that in the experimental group ((394.5±27.1) mL) (P < 0.05). Seven cases in the control group and one case in the experimental group received the injection of tramadol hydrochloride (P < 0.05). (4) Nausea and vomiting occurred in six cases in the control group and one case in the experimental group, and dizziness only occurred in four cases in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) To conclude, TEAS at the auricular Shenmen (H 7) point can improve the pain after total knee arthroplasty, reduce the consumption of ropivacaine and tramadol hydrochloride, and maintain quadriceps strength. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zero-profile interboby fixation system for multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy   Wang Jing-yu, Dong Yu-zhen, Sun Xiao-hui, Cui Ming-xing, Li Qing-jiang 2017, 21 (27):  4300-4305.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.007 Abstract ( 645 )   PDF (1147KB) ( 430 )   Save BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical decompression and fusion has been widely used in the treatment of multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy, but accompanied with lots of complications. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of zero-profile interboby fixation system for multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS: Seventy-one patients with multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy were randomly divided into two groups, and the patients in group A accepted zero-profile interboby fixation system, and group B accepted cage interboby fixation system. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, fusion rate, as well as the incidence of dysphagia and esophageal fistula were detected to compare the efficacy between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All cases were followed-up for 3-34 months, average of 17.5 months. The excellent and good rate at the last follow-up showed no significant difference between two groups. (2) The final fusion rate did not differ significantly between two groups, but the fusion rate in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B at 6 and 9 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). (3) There was one patient with mild dysphagia in the group A (3%), three mild, five medium, and two severe dysphagia in the group B (29%), which showed significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). No internal fixation loosening occurred in the group A, but three cases in the group B. The blood loss, operation time and radiology times in the group A were significantly lower than those in the group B (P < 0.05). (4) These results suggest that the effect of these two surgical methods in promoting functional recovery of spinal cord and final fusion rate show no significant differences; however, the zero-profile interboby fixation system exhibits better postoperative stability and interim fusion rate, with lower incidence of dysphagia. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion and posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: its postoperative stability   Jiang Ze-hua, Zhang Xue-li, Zhu Ru-sen, Ji Ning, Cao Sheng, Lin Yong-zhi, Wan Jun, Liu Yan 2017, 21 (27):  4306-4311.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.008 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (1133KB) ( 294 )   Save BACKGROUND: The treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM) aims at sustaining the spinal cord compression and restoring the stability of the cervical vertebrae at most. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characters of anterior cervical discectomy with fusion and expansive open-door laminoplasty for MCSM. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with MCSM were divided into two groups, and treated with anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (group A) or posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty (group B). All the patients were followed up for 12 months, and the range of motion of cervical vertebrae, cervical curvature index were observed, as well as the Visual Analogue Scale and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were condueted. Moreover, the operation time, blood loss and adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The loss of range of motion of the cervical vertebrae in the group B was significantly less than that in the group A (P < 0.05). (2) The cervical curvature index in the group A was significantly improved (P < 0.05), but the index had no significant change in the group B. (3) The axial systems were significantly improved in both groups, especially in the group A (P < 0.05). (4) The neurological function was significantly improved in both groups (P < 0.05), which showed no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). (5) The intraoperative blood loss in the group B was significantly more than that in the group A (P < 0.05). (6) The incidence of hoarseness and dysphagia in the group A was 19%. The incidence of wound infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage and C5 nerve root palsy in the group B was 9%. (7) These results suggest that during choosing an appropriate method for MCSM, surgeons’ skills and patients’ situation should be considered.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation   Ye Bin, Chen Ling-bin, Chen Wei, Yang Guo-yi, Chen Chao-bin, Zhou Li-li 2017, 21 (27):  4312-4317.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.009 Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (1675KB) ( 204 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional open surgery will do great damage to the patients with thoracolumbar fractures, and easily induces local degeneration. In contrast, the novel method is minimally invasive, which contributes to the functional recovery of the spine. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the essential procedures and precautions in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. METHODS: Twenty-seven cases of single-level thoracolumbar fractures without spinal neurological deficits treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation were selected. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were observed. The Visual Analogue Scale scores during axial turning at baseline and 3 days postoperatively, and the Visual Analogue Scale scores of the operation region at 1 and 3 days postoperatively were detected, respectively.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Twenty-seven patients with 108 vertebrae underwent percutaneous pedicle screw fixation under the guidance of the needle, the puncture was smooth, 98 vertebrae was punctured successfully once, and 10 vertebrae were punctured successfully twice. (2) The Visual Analogue Scale scores during axial turning at 3 days postoperatively were significantly lower than those at baseline, and the scores of the operation region at 3 days postoperatively were significantly lower than those at 1 day postoperatively (P < 0.001). (3) The mean operation time was (109±18) minutes, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was (60±16) mL. (4) There were no nerve root injury and other complications. (5) Our results indicate that percutaneou pedicle screw fixation is a minimally invasive and safe method to treat the patients suffering single-level thoracolumbar fractures without spinal neurological deficits. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment strategy for incision infection after internal fixation in the elderly patients with lumbar degenerative disease Zhang Hai-jing, Sun Xiang-jie, Ma Hai-gang, Zhou Zhuo, Fang Xiu-tong 2017, 21 (27):  4318-4323.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.010 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (914KB) ( 374 )   Save BACKGROUND: With more and more elderly patients suffering lumbar degenerative disease undergoing internal fixation, infection after spinal internal fixation is a common complication in orthopedic surgeries, but its treatment strategy remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative efficacy of incision infection after internal fixation in the elderly with lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS: 197 patients with lumbar degenerative disease undergoing internal fixation and followed up for more than 2 years admitted in Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2012 to January 2015, were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up time was 2-4.9 years. There were 97 cases of lumbar stenosis, 29 cases of lumbar disc herniation, 33 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis, 17 cases of degenerative scoliosis and 21 cases of lumbar compression fractures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Eleven patients experienced incision infection, including ten acute, and one delayed infection. (2) Among acute infected cases, three were superficial infection in three cases and seven had deep infection, who characterized as exudation (10/10), local pain (8/10) and fever (9/10). Acute infected cases received bacterial culture, drug sensitive test, antibiotic therapy, and debridement of the infected wound, and leaving all internal fixators in situ in all but one case. (3) For delayed infection, one patient had local pain, incision exudation, and intermittent fever, and then the internal fixators were removed. (4) Pseudarthrosis was not founded during 2-year follow-up in all patients. (5) These results suggest that for the elderly patients suffering lumbar degenerative disease with infection after internal fixation, intravenous antibiotics, debridement plus drainage are recommended, but without internal fixator removal, and repetitive debridement and drainage is a rational choice if necessary. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Perpendicular double-locking plating system for the internal fixation of type C distal humerus fractures through two kinds of postcubital approaches    Li Yun-peng, Zhao Wen-zhi 2017, 21 (27):  4324-4329.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.011 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (2746KB) ( 391 )   Save BACKGROUND: Distal humerus fracture is often comminuted, and is difficult to receive reduction and fixation due to its special anatomical structure. Choosing which surgical approach is still a controversy. OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the curative efficacy of the perpendicular double-locking plating system for the internal fixation of type C distal humerus fractures through two kinds of postcubital approaches. METHODS: Thirty-two cases of type C distal humerus fractures were enrolled and divided into groups A (osteotomy of olecranon approach) and B (tricep anconeus flap approach). There was no significant difference in the baseline data between two groups. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, healing time, postoperative follow-up and complications were recorded and analyzed. The patients were followed up at 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. The healing time and complications were recorded according to radiographs and physical examinations. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score was used to determine the elbow function at 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The group A had a longer operation time and more intraoperative blood loss than those in the group B (P < 0.05), but showed a better elbow flexion and extension degrees, and higher Mayo Elbow Performance Score at 1 year postoperatively (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the healing time between two groups (P > 0.05). (3) These results suggest that the articular surface of the distal humerus fracture is displayed well through two approaches, and the perpendicular double-locking plating system for the internal fixation of type C distal humerus fractures is rational. Noticeably, the tricep anconeus flap approach dose little damage to the muscle, while the osteotomy of olecranon approach obtains better elbow function and less complications.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative analysis of three different implants for the internal fixation of Mason II-III radial head fractures   Lu Jian feng, Cui Zhi-hao, Lu Fei-wei, Liu Zong-bao, Wang Zhi-rong 2017, 21 (27):  4330-4335.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.012 Abstract ( 591 )   PDF (1164KB) ( 348 )   Save BACKGROUND: Absorbable material is a hotspot in orthopedics, which is biodegradable, avoids fixation residues and second surgical trauma compared with the traditional internal fixation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of K-wires, screws and absorbable rods for the internal fixation of Mason II-III radial head fractures. METHODS: Totally 45 patients with Mason II-III radial head fractures were collected from January 2010 to December 2015 admited in Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital and Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and were then divided into three groups (n=15 per group), followed by implanted with K-wires (group A), screws (group B) and absorbable rods (group C), respectively. The baseline data, operation time, blood loss, healing time, Mayo and Broberg-Morrey scores were compared among groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were no significant differences in the baseline data, operation time, blood loss, and healing time among groups (P > 0.05). (2) The Mayo scores in the groups A, B, and C were (88.45±6.22), (92.37±5.60), and (90.82±6.58), respectively; the Broberg-Morrey scores in the groups A, B, and C group were ((90.82±6.83), (93.05±6.54), and (91.68±7.15), respectively; all above scores showed no significant differences among groups (P > 0.05). (4) The total incidence rate of complications in the groups A, B, and C was 20% (2/15), 13% (2/15), and 7% (1/15) respectively, showing no significant difference among groups (P > 0.05). (4) These results indicate that the absorbable rods can obtain satisfactory treatment outcomes for Mason II-III radial head fractures, which is equivalent to the traditional internal fixation. Moreover, it can avoid secondary operation for removing internal fixators and the adverse impact of stress shielding, so it is recommended to be used in clinic. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Magnetic navigation META-NAIL interlocking intramedullary nailing for tibial shaft fractures via the supra-patellar approach   Zhang Jing, Ma Jiang-wei 2017, 21 (27):  4336-4341.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.013 Abstract ( 566 )   PDF (1190KB) ( 453 )   Save BACKGROUND: Magnetic navigation META nailing for tibial fractures via the supra-patellar approach is a novel surgical method, exhibiting overt advantages. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical characters of magnetic navigation META nailing via the supra-patellar approach for tibial fractures. METHODS: Clinical data of 58 cases of tibial shaft fracture were collected and analyzed retrospectively, and all patients were treated with navigation META-NAIL via the supra-patellar approach. The patients received the postoperative prophylactic antibacterial therapy; non-weight bearing functional training was performed at 3 days postoperatively, and full weight-bearing functional exercise was conducted at an average of 12 weeks postoperatively． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Lysholm scores ranged from 83 to 95 (average, 90) at 24 weeks postoperatively. (2) The excellent and good rate evaluated by Johner-Wruh scoring reached up to 95%. (3) The average operation time was 65 minutes, and the blood loss was 30 mL. (4) There was no complaint of knee pain during the follow-up. (5) No postoperative complications, such as non-healing wounds, infection, bone nonunion, osteomyelitis or deformity recovery, occurred．(6) These results manifest that the magnetic navigation META-NAIL for tibial shaft fractures via the supra-patellar approach exerts a lot of advantages, including short operation time, accurate reduction and stable fixation. Most importantly, it can avoid cut patellar tendon tissue, and reduce the rate of knee pain, further promoting early functional exercise, which obtains satisfactory treatment outcomes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A new navigation system for distal locking of tibial intramedullary nail   Li Jun, Zhan Jun-feng, Xu Xin-zhong, Shi Zhi-gang, Fu Yu, Han Bing, Wang Yin-sheng, Zhou Yun, Jing Jue-hua 2017, 21 (27):  4342-4347.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.014 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (2273KB) ( 407 )   Save BACKGROUND: Positioning of the distal locking screws of a tibial intramedullary nail is often challenging and time consuming. The traditional free-hand technique under ?uoroscopic control involves considerable radiation exposure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of a new electromagnetic navigation system (TRIGEN-SURESHOT navigation system) for distal locking of tibial intramedullary nail in tibial diaphyseal fracture and to compare the effects with the free-hand method. METHODS: Forty-five cases of tibial diaphyseal fracture in the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2014 to August 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and were divided into two groups. Patients in navigation group (n=23) were treated with intramedullary nail using the TRIGEN-SURESHOT navigation system for distal locking, and the remainings in free-hand group (n=22) were given the free-hand method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All cases were followed up for 17-32 months. The one-time success rate of distal locking nail operation was 100% in the navigation group, which was significantly higher than that in the free-hand group (P < 0.05). The locking nail time in the navigation group was significantly less than that in the free-hand group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the incidence of adverse events and fracture healing time between two groups (P > 0.05). To conclude, the effect of the TRIGEN-SURESHOT navigation system for distal locking of tibial intramedullary nail is satisfactory, exhibiting the advantages of short operation time, high success rate, and no radiation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anatomical characters of the proximal tibial osteotomy in healthy Mongolia populations   Zheng Jin-yang, Ren Zhi-yong, Zhang Guo-liang, Mori Gele, Puri Busurong, Li Qiang, Wang Yue-wen 2017, 21 (27):  4348-4353.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.015 Abstract ( 548 )   PDF (1070KB) ( 428 )   Save BACKGROUND: Whether the proximal tibial osteotomy in Mongolia populations has difference with other populations at home and abroad remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomical characters of the proximal tibial osteotomy in Mongolia populations in the northern region of China by measuring the relevant linear parameters. METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy Mongolia populations were selected, and their bilateral knee joints were scanned by CT. The original data were exported in DICOM format. Mimics software was used to reconstruct the knee three-dimensional model. The tibial data stored in STL format were imported into 3-matic software, showing the medial surface of the tibia, and 6 mm below the medial tibial plateau maintaining 7° posterior slop was subjected to total hip arthroplasty osteotomy. Subsequently, the relevant parameters were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The left tibia transverse diameter was (79.99±3.70) mm, and the right was (80.25±4.01) mm. The left anteroposterior diameter was (52.27±3.07) mm, and the right was (51.75±2.40) mm. The anteroposterior diameter of medial tibia was (55.40±2.00) mm (left), and (56.67±2.47) mm (right); the lateral was (49.84±2.78) mm (left), and (49.58±2.80) mm (right). (2) In Mongolian populations, the linear parameters showed no significant differences between two sides of the proximal tibial osteotomy (P > 0.05). The anteroposterior diameter of medial tibia was longer than that of lateral one (P > 0.05). The linear parameters of the proximal tibial osteotomy in male were significantly larger than those in female (P < 0.05). There were differences in the linear parameters of the proximal tibial osteotomy between Mongolian populations and other populations. (3)These results indicate that there are significant differences in the anatomical morphology of the tibial plateau between western and eastern countries. Besides, the geometric parameters of the tibial plateau may be different in different ethnic groups and regions. It is necessary to use the digital orthopedic technique to investigate and analyze the large sample data of different ethnic groups in different regions. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital characteristics of Pulling and Rotating Oblique Pulling Manipulation based on “manipulation from hand”    Fan Zhi-yong, Huang Shu-yun, Li Li, Wang Jin-ling, Wu Shan, Lai Shu-hua, Guo Ru-song, Tian Qiang 2017, 21 (27):  4354-4359.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.016 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 492 )   Save BACKGROUND: The researches of Pulling and Rotating Oblique Pulling Manipulation focus on clinical research and biomechanical changes of lumbar functional units, and the mechanical characteristics of manipulation are little reported. OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of the Pulling and Rotating Oblique Pulling Manipulation by digital method, so as to provide quantitative basis for inheritance, teaching and learning, promotion, and basic research of the manipulation. METHODS: The force-time curve and the force of the manipulators were tested and recorded with the multi-point membrane pressure measurement system. The kinetic parameters (the average load force, the average minimum force and the maximum impact force) were shown. The values of = the flip time, flip speed and impulse were measured by the test analysis system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The average load force was (145.86±34.80) N, duration was (1.43±0.46) s, the average minimum force was (72.24±13.87) N, the maximum impact force was (446.21±143.98) N, the flip time was (0.55±0.15) s, flip speed was (914.52±259.18) N/s, and the impulse was (256.21±82.30) N•s. (2) The rising slope of the impulse was (93.96±6.94), and the falling slope was (-82.70±26.10). (3) To conclude, the characteristics of “manipulation from hand” are analyzed in views of digitization, which provides an objective evaluation index for Lin’s manipulation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A patient with pseudoachondroplasia undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasties using three-dimensional printing technology   Xu Zhi-qing, Zhang Yi-yuan, Wang Wu-lian 2017, 21 (27):  4360-4365.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.017 Abstract ( 553 )   PDF (1445KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pseudoachondroplasia is rare heredigary osteopathy, usually accompanied by deformity of the lower limbs, short fingers, and ligamentous laxity, so it is a difficulty in total knee arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effectiveness of bilateral total knee arthroplasties for a patient with pseudoachondroplasia using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. METHODS: A retrospective study was done in a case of pseudoachondroplasia undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasties using 3D printing technology. X-ray examination was conducted to observe the prosthesis location after arthroplasties, and the Knee Society Score outcome measures were used to evaluate the functional outcome. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After arthroplasties, X-rays showed good line of force of the lower limbs and prosthesis location, and 1 year later, showed no radiolucent lines in tibia. (2) The right Knee Society Score improved to 94 points, the functional scoring improved to 90 points, and the postoperative flexion was 95°; the left Knee Society Score improved to 93 points, the functional scoring improved to 90 points, and the postoperative flexion was 90°. All patients were very satisfied with the treatment outcomes. (3) These results indicate that the individualized treatment scheme designed using 3D printing technology can reduce the surgical difficulty and trauma with high accuracy, and promote the functional recovery of the knee. Additionally, it obtains good clinical efficacy and patient’s satisfaction in orthopaedic surgeries.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flexibility of the coronal lumbosacral region of congenital scoliosis: a three-dimensional finite element analysis Li Ye, Wang Yi-peng, Jia Shao-wei, Wu Xiao-dan, Zhang Shun-xin, Han Li 2017, 21 (27):  4366-4372.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.018 Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (1357KB) ( 326 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the patients with congenital scoliosis, the spinal motor units exhibit developmental disorders and poor range of motion. It has been found that the compensation ability of coronal lumbosacral region (L4-S1) is associated with the occurrence of non-compensable trunk migration postoperatively. OBJECTIVE: To establish the three-dimensional finite element models of coronal lumbosacral region of normal and patients with congenital scoliosis and to compare the strain, displacement, stress and stiffness under different loading conditions among models. METHODS: One normal subject and two congenital scoliosis patients with different coronal lumbosacral region flexibility were selected, DICOM image datawere obtained by spiral CT scanning at the lumbosacral region, and then imported into MIMICS software, and a three-dimensional model was established according to the gray values of each tissue on CT, followed by simplified by GEOMAGIC, and finally imported into ABAQUS foftware to conduct a mechanic analysis under different loading conditions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under different lateral forces, in the three models, the maximum stress mainly distributed on the frontal region of L4 cortical bone, and maximum displacement concentrated on L5. (2) There was no significant change in the stress distribution in the two scoliosis models, but the compensable model showed larger displacement change, and its stiffness was significantly less than that of the non-compensable model, indicating that the compensable model is easy to deform. (3) These findings suggest that three-dimensional finite element model is helpful to perform a biomechanical analysis for coronal lumbosacral region of congenital scoliosis, among which, a compensable model exhibits large displacement, suggesting a good flexibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Imaging measurement for internal fixation design of axial lumbosacral vertebral fusion via posterior rectal space   Zeng De-hui, Zhang Wei, Zhang Bin, Xiang Liang, Hou Wei 2017, 21 (27):  4373-4378.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.019 Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (914KB) ( 200 )   Save BACKGROUND: The minimally invasive axial lumbar interbody approach (AxiaLIF) for L4–S1 fusion has been applied in America and Europe, and has obtained satisfactory curative efficacy. Because of significant anatomical differences between Chinese and Europeans and Americans, whether AxiaLIF is appropriate for Chinese remains unclear. Moreover, there are some problems in the application of AxiaLIF, so how to optimize AxiaLIF is a key to its promotion in China. OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomical data for the design of axial screws suitable for Chinese through measuring the mid axial line of the lateral lumbar radiograph and cross sections of L5 and S1 on lumbar CT in normal Chinese population. METHODS: The lateral lumbar radiographs from Chinese healthy population were selected, including 35 males and 30 females, the axial height of S1, the disc distance between L5 and S1, and the axial height of L5 were measured so as to provide anatomical data for designing the length of the axial screw. The transverse and sagittal diameters of L5 and S1 in the lumbar CT of 26 adult healthy males and 24 healthy females were measured to provide anatomical data for designing the diameter of the axial screw. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The axial height of S1 in males and females was (26.76±3.94) mm and (22.91±2.91) mm, respectively (P < 0.05). The disc distance between L5 and S1 was (12.62±1.90) mm for males and (11.92±1.78) mm for females (P > 0.05). The axial height of L5 was (29.12±2.18) mm for males and (26.91±2.47) mm for females (P < 0.05). (2) The transverse diameter of S1 was (49.14±4.14) mm for males and (46.11±4.44) mm for females (P < 0.05). The transverse diameter of L5 was (41.34±4.31) mm for males and (43.12±3.71) mm for females (P < 0.05). The sagittal diameter of L5 was (34.48±2.32) mm for males and (33.03±3.48) mm for females, and the sagittal diameter of S1 was (35.65±4.28) mm for males and (33.53±3.26) for females, (both P > 0.05). (3) That is to say, this study provides the anatomical data for designing the axial screws suitable for the lumbar fusion of Chinese by measuring the mid axial line of the lateral lumbar radiographs and the cross sections of L5 and S1 on lumbar CT. The image measurement method can be used to analyze the preoperative images of the patients to predict the feasibility of the surgical approach and pre-select the internal fixation model for personalized screw positioning. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CT-guided bone cement infusion for metastatic tumor to the ilium   Song Peng-wei, Yu Yang, Liu Ming-zhen, Liu Xun-wei, Wang Zhi-guo, Xie Zhi-yong 2017, 21 (27):  4379-4384.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.020 Abstract ( 540 )   PDF (1400KB) ( 202 )   Save BACKGROUND: Iliac bones are common habitant parts in metastatic tumor of bone, and the affiliate cortex is easy to be penetrated into soft tissue blots. The irregular iliac shape and its complex surrounding tissues create the difficulties in puncture operations and cement perfusion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcomes of CT-guided versus DSA-guided puncture combined with bone cement perfusion for metastatic tumor to the ilium. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with metastatic tumor to the ilium udergoing bone cement perfusion were enrolled, and then divided into control and experimental groups (n=32 per group), followed by treated with DSA-guided percutaneous injection of bone cement, and CT-guided puncture, respectively. Subsequently, the diffuse distribution of bone cement was observed using CT. The success rate, leakage rate, Visual Analogue Scale scores and Oswestry Disability Index were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients received the surgery successfully, and bone cement leakage happened in two cases of control group and one case of experimental group. (1) The Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores in the two groups were significantly better than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the scores showed no significant differences between two groups (P > 0.05). (3) No difference was found in the pain relief and functional recovery between two groups. (4) To conclude, CT-guided treatment can achieve satisfactory outcomes for metastatic tumor to the ilium by bone cement infusion in appropriate time. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a finite element model based on lunate sagittal Micro-CT images and its stress analysis Du Chuan-chao, Xiong Ge, Ren Shuang, Rong Qi-guo, Zhang Heng 2017, 21 (27):  4385-4390.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.021 Abstract ( 525 )   PDF (2173KB) ( 388 )   Save BACKGROUND: Biomechanical mechanisms are complex, and previous studiers focus on the stress conduction in the carpus. However, the stress distribution and characteristics of trabecula in the carpus are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the normal lunate through a two-dimensional sagittal finite element model. METHODS: A normal cadaveric lunate sample was scanned with Micro-CT and the central sagittal image was chosen for further finite element analysis (FEA). The chosen image was processed and imported into the finite element analysis software (Ansys 14.0). A two-dimensional sagittal finite element model of the lunate bone was established. Axial pressure was applied to the model with the wrist held in different positions, and nine regions of interests (ROIs) were identified, for which stress and displacement nephograms were created. These included the first principal stress (S1, the maximum stress in a principal plane), the third principal stress (S3, the minimal stress in a principal plane), shear stress (SXY, the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section), von Mises stress (SEQV, yielding begins when the elastic energy of distortion reaches a critical value) and displacement of each ROI (UY, displacement on the vertical plane of the lunate) which were calculated and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stresses on ROIs located in the proximal and volar cortices of the lunate bone were much higher than those in the distal and dorsal cortices. At the proximal lunate, S1 was less than S3; however at the distal lunate, S1 was greater than S3. The ROIs of the distal and proximal ends of the lunate bone received much higher stress than the ROIs of the middle part. As for axial trabecular displacement, both distal and proximal ROIs were compressed by axial pressure. However, the dorsal and the volar parts of the proximal lunate moved in different directions at different wrist postures. Besides, the stress values and magnitudes of displacement were elevated in wrist flexion and extension compared to neutral position. Furthermore, the stress concentration zones (the proximal volar ROI, the proximal dorsal ROI, the distal volar ROI, and the distal dorsal ROI) had different directions of shear stress and displacement in different wrist postures. (2) These results suggest that when stress is loaded on a normal lunate model, four stress concentration zones, the proximal volar ROI, the proximal dorsal ROI, the distal volar ROI, and the distal dorsal ROI are found. The wrist postures can significantly affect the value and distribution of axial stress on the sagittal lunate. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Posterior slope angle of the tibial plateau in 60 healthy Mongolia population measured by computed tomography    Lin Ye, Zhang Guo-liang, Li Qiang, Puri Busurong, Wang Yue-wen 2017, 21 (27):  4391-4396.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.022 Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 363 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are more measurement data about knee joint at home and abroad, but few data about the northern China, especially Inner Mongolia region. Whether the posterior slope angle of tibial plateau in local area differs from that of Chinese or foreigners is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To measure the posterior slope angle of the medial tibial plateau in healthy Mongolia population, and to compare the differences of different measurement methods, so as to understand the anatomical characters of tibial plateau in Inner Mongolia region. METHODS: Sixty Mongolian volunteers were recruited, the 20 cm upper and under the knee joint were scanned bilaterally by GE64 row spiral CT, and the three-dimensional model of the knee was established on Mimics16.0 software, followed by processed through fairing, filling, separation and cutting. Afterwards, the angel between anterior cortical bone extension line of upper tibia (method A), tibia anatomical axis (method B), line perpendicular to the posterior cortical bone extension line of upper tibia (method C) and upper edge line of the tibial plateau was measured, respectively. The posterior slope angle of the medial tibial plateau (90°-measured angle) was obtained and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The posterior slope angle of the medial tibial plateau measured by methods A, B and C was (11.16±3.39)°, (8.60±3.29)° and (5.30±4.40)°, respectively, and the former two were similar with those reported by Wang Ye-hua and Luo Ji-wei (P > 0.05). (2) There were significant differences in the posterior slope angle of the left and right medial tibial plateau among methods (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between left and right sides (P > 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the posterior slope angle of the left and right medial tibial plateau between genders (P > 0.05). (4) These results indicate that the Mongolian population show smaller posterior slope angle of the tibial plateau, but the angle exhibits great individual difference, thereafter, an individualize scheme should be developed before osteotomy. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The latest research on the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head   Ma Jian-xiong, He Wei-wei, Zhao Jie, Ma Xin-long 2017, 21 (27):  4397-4402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.023 Abstract ( 541 )   PDF (903KB) ( 400 )   Save BACKGROUND: Theories concerning the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) are various, such as blood supply dysfunction, lipid metabolism disorder, increased intraosseous pressure, osteocyte apoptosis, gene polymorphism and immunity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To review the pathogenesis of ONFH, thus providing clues for the study on ONFH. METHODS: Search strategy “femoral head necrosis OR osteonecrosis of femoral head AND pathogenesis OR mechanism” was used to search articles published between 1985 to 2017 in PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases. Meanwhile, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases were searched with Chinese keywords of “femoral head necrosis, pathogenesis” from 1985 to 2017. Finally, 39 articles were included for retrospective analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ONFH is a complex disease caused by a variety of factors, among which, biomechanics plays an important role in its occurrence and development. The internal mechanic strength of the femoral head is reduced or the imbalance between external stress and inner structures of femoral head caused by various risk factors leads to micro-fractures of the trabeculae, stress concentration and repeated destruction and repair. When the destruction rate exceeds the repair speed, the femoral heads eventually collapse. Most of ONFH cases are sporadic, but its familial aggregation has been reported; therefore, it may be related with genetic factor.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of autologous platelet-rich plasma in spinal surgeries Guo Ying, Jia Lian-shun, Huang Zhi 2017, 21 (27):  4403-4408.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.024 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1078KB) ( 215 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate of platelet-rich plasma protein derived from autologous whole blood. The activated platelets can release a large number of high concentrations of growth factors and bioactive substances, which provides a theoretical basis for its application in various disciplines and fields. At the same time, autologous PRP has been popularized because it will not cause immune rejection with extensive sources, easy to extract and low cost. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the preparation method and performance of autologous PRP, and to explore its latest research results and underlying mechanisms in spinal surgeries. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for articles concerning autologous PRP used in spinal surgeries. Finally, 42 eligible literatures were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Autologous PRP is rich in a variety of growth factors and bioactive substances, so it has been used in the fields of disc repair, bone conduction and osteoinduction, and its effectiveness has been confirmed through abundant basic and clinical trials. (2) Meanwhile, autologous PRP also is used for tissue repair and skin regeneration, such as spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leakage and pressure ulcer. (3) Notably, autologous PRP has shown a promising prospect in the field of spinal surgeries. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lateral lumbar interbody fusion for adult degenerative scoliosis: how to provide evidence supports   Jin Yuan-zhe, Gong Wei-quan, Zhang Shao-kun 2017, 21 (27):  4409-4415.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.025 Abstract ( 462 )   PDF (1313KB) ( 388 )   Save BACKGROUND: Most of evidence-based studies include both adult degenerative scoliosis and adult idiopathic scoliosis, which lead to indirectness in the results, and suppress the promotion of the evidence. OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the current clinical researches, and to review the curative efficacy of lateral lumbar interbody fusion for adult degenerative scoliosis. METHODS: A computer-based research of Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, WanFang and CNKI databases from December 2015 to December 2016, was performed with the key words of “lateral lumbar interbody fusion, direct lumbar interbody fusion, extreme lateral interbody fusion, minimal invasive surgery, adult scoliosis”. The articles were screened based on the inclusion criteria, and the clinical symptom improvement and radiological changes were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 13 articles were included. In the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis, lateral lumbar interbody fusion shows less blood loss, short hospitalization time, significantly improved symptoms, satisfactory correction at the coronal plane, and low incidence of long-term complications. However, it has the poor correction at the sagittal plane and high incidence of short-term postoperative complications. Therefore, intraoperative neurologic monitoring is necessary and the combination with internal fixation has obtained good effectiveness. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery: prevention and treatment Zhou Yi-biao, Zhang Bin 2017, 21 (27):  4416-4422.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.026 Abstract ( 449 )   PDF (1176KB) ( 331 )   Save BACKGROUND: The incidence of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity after spinal surgery remains controversial, and its prevention is still under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of the prevention of the deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery. METHODS: The domestic and foreign related literature about the deep vein thrombosis after the spinal surgery, which was filtrated from CNKI and PubMed databases, were searched for the articles concerning the prevention of the deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery published from January 1993 to January 2016. Finally, 41 eligible articles were included, and the prevention methods, risk factors and incidence were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the technology and medical equipment development, more novel technologies and biomaterials are extensively applied in spinal surgery; meanwhile, complex and difficult surgeries, big surgical trauma and prolonged operation time all increase the risk of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity; thereafter, the incidence is on a rise. (2) The prevention methods of deep venous thrombosis have been improved, and the grading of prevention becomes more sufficient. (3) During venipuncture and injection, upper extremity should be selected firstly, so as to avoid damage to the lower extremity veins. (4) The following studies should concentrate on understanding the epidemic characteristics of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity after spinal surgery, and confirming the best prevention time, as well as effective drugs and physical measurements.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis Wang Zheng, Sun Tian-sheng 2017, 21 (27):  4423-4428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.027 Abstract ( 921 )   PDF (1381KB) ( 407 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lumbar spondylolysis is typically caused by a stress fracture of the bone, especially for who over-train in activities. Besides, there is hereditary that can make one more susceptible to the defect. The treatment methods include conservative management and surgery, both with their own indications, advantages, disadvantages and prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the range of application, advantages and disadvantages of each treatment method of spondylolysis. METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, and VIP databases were retrieved using the keywords of “spondylolysis, isthmic spondylolisthesis, treatment/therapy” in English and Chinese, respectively. The articles were grouped based on the treatment method after skimming the abstract, and then the indications, operative principles, and advantages/disadvantages were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Surgeries of spondylolysis are classified as interbody fusion, Buck’s method, Scott’s fusion, pedicle screw-hook system, memory alloy plates for internal fixation, segmental fusion and mini-invasive treatment. Among which, Buck’s methods and pedicle screw-hook system are widely accepted. Additionally, minimally invasive treatment becomes more and more prevailed. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics