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28 June 2017, Volume 21 Issue 18 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expression and significance of osteogenic genes on porous tantalum-bone interface during osteogenesis Lai Zhen-quan, Cui Yi-shuang, Chen Chao, Zhou Guo-long, Pan Xiang-yu, Wang Qian, Gan Hong-quan, Wang Zhi-qiang, Li Qi-jia 2017, 21 (18):  2789-2795.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.001 Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (2666KB) ( 585 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that home-made porous tantalum has non-toxicity and good biocompatibility, and can promote osteogenesis. Herein, we explore the mechanisms of tantalum-bone interface osseointegration. OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological characteristics and expressions of integrin β1 and fibronectin on the interface between porous tantalum and bone tissues after implantation into the right rabbit femur, and to evaluate the biological mechanisms of tantalum-bone interface osseointegration. METHODS: Animal models of bilateral femoral condyle defects were made in Japanese big ear rabbits. Porous tantalum rod and allogeneic bone were respectively implanted into the left (experimental group) and right (control group) femur of rabbits. The animal specimens at the bone defect region were taken and made into paraffin sections and hard tissue sections at postoperative 2, 4, 8 weeks for morphological observation of new bone at the junction between the tantalum rod and host bone under light microscope, for osteogenic observation of the tantalum-bone interface under scanning electron microscope, and for immunohistochemical detection of integrin β1 and fibronectin expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Porous tantalum was bonded closely with the host bone. The loose and thick fibrous capsule was observed in the early stage and became thinner in the late stage shown by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The new bone was visible on tantalum-bone interface. Hard tissue slicing observation showed that the new bone was seen on the porous tantalum-bone interface, blood capillaries grew into the pores at postoperative 2 weeks and the pores were full of new bone tissues at postoperative 4 and 8 weeks. Under the scanning electron microscope, the osteoblasts appeared on the tantalum surface and in the pores at the early stage, and bone maturation and lamellar bone were seen at the late stage. The immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of integrin β1 in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group at postoperative 2 weeks (P < 0.05), but the expression of fibronectin had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, there was a decline trend in the expression of integrin β1 and fibronectin at postoperative 2, 4, 8 weeks. To conclude, the porous tantalum material is beneficial to enhance adhesion of osteoblasts on the surface and inside the micro-pores. Increased expression of integrin β1 and fibronectin on the tantalum-bone interface at early stage may promote early osteogenesis, while their decreased expression at bone maturing stage can promote osseointegration and bone remodeling. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody Concorde fusion for prolapsed and sequestrated lumbar disc herniation Zhao Hong, Wang Bin, Xie Zi-kang, Xu Jian-da, Qu Yu-xing 2017, 21 (18):  2796-2801.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.002 Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (3610KB) ( 471 )   Save BACKGROUND: As one of the most serious pathological types of lumbar disc herniation, the nucleus pulposus of prolapsed style lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is like a cord or mass. And the nucleus pulposus compresses nerve roots and dural sac, which brings severe low back pain and/or cauda equina injury symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of simple discectomy under the Quadrant system and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody Concorde fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of prolapsed and sequestrated lumbar disc herniation. METHODS: From January 2012 to January 2015, 58 patients with prolapsed and sequestrated lumbar disc herniation were enrolled in this study, including 36 patients in simple Quadrant group and 22 patients in MIS-TLIF group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Significant difference was recorded in the visual analogue scale scores and Oswestry disability index at 1 week, 3 months and 18 months postoperation compared with preoperation in the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the simple Quadrant group, the visual analogue scale scores of low back pain and Oswestry disability index were significantly decreased in the MIS-TLIF group at postoperative 18 months (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the visual analogue scale score of leg pain between two groups (P > 0.05). There were two patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation in the simple Quadrant group. In summary, simple discectomy under the Quadrant system could achieve the similar satisfied effect as the MIS-TLIF, but the MIS-TLIF provides less low back pain. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nano-hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin composite materials loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 used for spinal fusion Chen Xiao-min, Ma Xiao, Shao Nan-qi, Dai Yong-xia, Gao Qing, Fu Jin-fang 2017, 21 (18):  2802-2810.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.003 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (1207KB) ( 456 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the wide application of bone repair scaffold in the field of medicine, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and silk fibroin (SF) both of which have good biological properties have become research hotspots in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of nHA/SF composite materials loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) to restore the initial stability of the spinal segment in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-six male health New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, followed by preparation of spinal instability models. Autogenous iliac bone, nHA/SF composite, and rhBMP-2/nHA/SF composite were implanted into the L4/5 spinal segment in autologous bone group, nHA/SF group and rhBMP-2/nHA/SF group, respectively. X-ray exmaination was performed at 12 weeks postoperatively, and then the animals were killed for gross observation. The stability of the fusion segments was tested through a tensile machine. Histologically, bone graft fusion at the surgical site was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Findings from the gross specimen observation showed that the specimens at the fusion site presented with a hard texture. Obvious signs of fusion were visible in the autologous bone group, followed by the rhBMP-2/nHA/SF group, while no signs of fusion were detected in the nHA/SF group. (2) At 12 weeks postoperatively, a large number of trabecular bones grew into the boundary between the vertebral body and the iliac crest graft block in the autologous bone group. A little trabecular bone was found in the boundary in the nHA/SF group, while a lot of trabecular bone tissues were found in the boundary in the rhBMP-2/nHA/SF group. In accordance with the standard of fusion, there were 10, 3, and 9 rats in the autologous bone, nHA/SF and rhBMP-2/nHA/SF groups, respectively. (3) The range of motion of the spine in the rhBMP-2/nHA/SF showed no statistical difference from that in the autologous bone group, but was significantly higher than that in the nHA/SF group (P < 0.05). (4) Osseous connection was found around the bone graft in the autologous bone and nHA/SF groups, but no mature bone tissue was visible in the latter group. In the rhBMP-2/nHA/SF group, a large number of new capillaries was found and permeated into the spinal tissues. In summary, nHA/SF composite materials loaded with rhBMP-2 possess good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and bone induction ability, which can rebuild the initial stability of the spine in a short time. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The loss of interproximal contact between posterior crown/bridge restorations and adjacent teeth: study protocol for a single-center, prospective, observational clinical trial Huang Hai-xai, Lan Yu-yan, Guo Ling, Wang Pin, Liu Min 2017, 21 (18):  2808-2813.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.004 Abstract ( 465 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 556 )   Save BACKGROUND: Interproximal contact loss is a complication of posterior crown/bridge restorations with a higher incidence, and it is induced by a variety of factors, such as age, tooth position, occlusal contact, tooth loss time, whether there is a repair on the free end. OBJECTIVE: To study and analyze the loss of interproximal contact between posterior crown/bridge restorations and adjacent teeth. METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, observational clinical trial which has been completed at the Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, China. Totally 82 patients who had underwent posterior crown/bridge restorations from June 2015 to June 2016 in the Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University were selected. The time of denture wearing was 1-40 months, and the interproximal contact loss was defined by a 30 μm adjacent contact check or a flossing that can pass through the detection area with no resistance. Single-factor analysis and multiple correlation analysis were performed to analyze the interproximal contact loss at 1, 3, 6 months after posterior crown/bridge restorations. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University of China with an approval number of 2016024. All protocols were in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. All patients and their relatives were informed of study protocols and provided a written informed consent prior to the beginning of the trial. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 82 patients enrolled, there were 41 adjacent contact zones with the emergency of interproximal contact loss, including 20 maxillary and 21 mandibular. It indicated that the interproximal contact loss had no association with the upper and lower jaw. Single-factor analysis showed that the time of denture wearing, tooth loss time and repair of the free end were confirmed as independent influencing factors for the complications (P < 0.05). Multiple correlation analysis found that free end repair and short-term tooth loss were independent factors of the interproximal contact loss. To conclude, free end repair and tooth loss time should be considered in the posterior crown/bridge restorations in order to minimize the occurrence of interproximal contact loss.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of denture cleansers on color stability and surface roughness of heat-curing denture base resins and elastic denture base materials Li Ting, Sun Jun, Xu Deng-you, Mo Wen-juan, Lin Bao-shan 2017, 21 (18):  2814-2820.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.005 Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 343 )   Save BACKGROUND: The occurrence and severity of denture stomatitis are closely related to denture cleaning methods and wearing time. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the effects of denture cleansers on denture surface roughness and color stability. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of four different denture cleansers on the surface roughness and color stability of heat-curing denture base resins and elastic denture base materials by means of soaking test. METHODS: Samples of heat-curing denture base resins (n=25) and elastic denture base materials (n=25) were polished and soaked in NaClO, Efferdent, Polident partial, Polident overnight and water, respectively. The soak process was repeated 90 times. Then the color aberration and surface roughness were tested using color meter and roughmeter before soaking and after 30, 60, 90 times of soaking. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: These four kinds of denture cleansers have greater influence on the elastic denture base materials than on the heat-curing denture base resins. With the increasing of soaking time, the color aberration and surface roughness of the two kinds of denture materials were increased gradually after treatment with different denture cleansers, and the values were ranked as follows: NaClO > Efferdent > Polident overnight > Polident partial and water. To conclude, denture cleansers can induce the changes in denture surface roughness and color stability of heat-curing denture base resins and elastic denture base materials. NaClO exerts the strongest effect, followed by Efferdent and Polident overnight, and Polident partial exhibits the weakest effect.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fabrication of multifunctional bismuth-doped iron nanoparticle and its radiotherapy sensitization in glioblastoma Niu Yuan-yuan, Yu Ming, Du Feng-yi, Chen Si-yuan, Zhao Tian, Xu Yu-hao, Zhou Qian-wen, Xu Xiu-jian 2017, 21 (18):  2821-2827.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.006 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (4949KB) ( 656 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bismth-doped iron nanoparticles modified by hyaluronic acid (HA-BiIOPs) not only act as an effective MRI contrast agent, but also as a radiotherapy sensitizer. OBJECTIVE: To fabricate the HA-BiIOPs and to observe its effect to enhance the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells U87MG under X-ray radiation. METHODS: HA-BiIOPs were synthesized using hydrothermal polyol method. (1) Cytotoxicity: A cytotoxicity test was carried out on U87MG cells and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cell proliferation rate of two kinds of cells cultured with different concentrations of HA-BiIOPs (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/L) at 24 hours after culture were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay. (2) Histological analysis: ICR mice were sacrificed after intravenous injection of HA-BiIOPs, and pathological changes of mouse visceral organs were observed under an optical microscope. (3) Cellular uptake: The HA-BiIOPs after entered into the cytoplasm were observed by Prussian blue staining. (4) Radiosensitization test: U87MG cells at Logarithmic growth stage were cultured in culture medium as control group, subjected to X-ray irradiation (0, 3, 6, 9 Gy) as radiotherapy group, cultured in HA-BiIOPs (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) as HA-BiIOPs group or subjected to HA-BiIOPs culture plus X-ray irradiation as combined therapy group. Then, the cell proliferation rate and cloning efficiency were measured at 24 hours after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The HA-BiIOPs at different concentrations were non-cytotoxic for VSMC and U87MG cells. (2) After intravenous injection of HA-BiIOPs, there was no obvious toxicity to the mouse susceptible organs. (3) After 6 hours of culture, the HA-BiIOPs could be internalized by U87MG cells. (4) The proliferation rate of U87cells was negatively correlated with the concentration of HA-BiIOPs (0-200 mg/L) and X-ray dose (0-9 Gy). Especially, the combination of 6 Gy X-ray irradiation with 200 mg/L HA-BiIOPs dramatically decreased the cell viability that was decreased to (41±7)%. In the combined therapy group with 6 Gy X-ray and 100 mg/L HA-BiIOPs, the cells proliferation rate was significantly lower than that in the control and radiotherapy groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that HA-BiIOPs have a radiosensitizative effect on glioblastoma cells U87MG. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on proliferation and osteogenic ability of human adipose-derived stem cells in a three-dimensional scaffold Chen Yu-xiong, Chen Xian-zhe, Ni Meng-shan, Guo Wen-jie, Tian Jing 2017, 21 (18):  2828-2833.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.007 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (4638KB) ( 554 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nowadays increasing experimental findings have proved that the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (LPEMF) can induce osteogenic differentiation of a variety of stem cells in the two-dimensional scaffold. However, little is reported on the LPEMF effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in the three-dimensional scaffold. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of LPEMF on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) in the 3D Insert-PCL scaffold. METHODS: Passage 3 hASCs were directly cultured in the 3D Insert-PCL scaffolds followed by LPEMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) exposure, 2 hours per day, for continuous 14 days (experimental group) or no intervention (control group). After 7 days of culture, Live/Dead staining was used to observe cell survival. After 1, 3, 5, 7 days of culture, MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation. After 7 and 14 days of culture, the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs was assessed through the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Live/dead cell staining proved that the hASCs had a good growth in the 3D Insert-PCL scaffolds as well as a high survival rate. The absorbance values of hASCs in the two groups were increased gradually with time, and the absorbance value in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 1 and 3 days after culture (P < 0.05). The ALP activity in the experimental group was stronger than that in the control group at 7 and 14 days after culture. qRT-PCR findings showed that at 7 days after culture, the mRNA levels of ALP and type I collagen were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01), while at 14 days after culture, the mRNA levels of osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor, ALP and type I collagen were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, the LPEMF exposure can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs cultured on the the 3D Insert-PCL scaffold. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Occlusal force of the abutment teeth and periodontal changes after CO-Cr alloy-based porcelain-fused-to-metal crown and bridge restoration Cao Yuan, Tang Xu-yan 2017, 21 (18):  2834-2838.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.008 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: To measure the occlusal force index of patients with missing teeth before and after restoration is an effective way to evaluate the restoration effect and oral function recovery after dental restoration. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of occlusal force and periodontal tissue in patients undergoing CO-Cr alloy-based porcelain-fused-to-metal crown and bridge restoration. METHODS: 100 male patients were randomly divided into five groups (n=20 per group), and respectively received CO-Cr alloy porcelain crown restoration of the anterior teeth (group A), CO-Cr alloy porcelain crown repair of the premolar (group B), CO-Cr alloy porcelain crown restoration of the molar (group C), CO-Cr alloy porcelain bridge restoration of the anterior teeth (group D), or CO-Cr alloy porcelain bridge restoration of the posterior teeth (group E). Changes of occlusal force and periodontal related indexes were detected before, immediately and 6 months after dental restoration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Occlusal force: The occlusal force in all the five groups was increased immediately and 6 months after restoration (P < 0.05). Before, immediately and 6 months after dental restoration, the occlusal force was higher in the groups C and E than the groups A, B, D (P < 0.05), as well as higher in the group B than the groups A and D (P < 0.05). (2) Periodontal detection: there were no significant differences among the five groups in the periodontal probing depth, plaque control index, clinical attachment level, and volume of gingival crevicular fluid (P > 0.05) before and after restoration. To conclude, the CO-Cr alloy-based porcelain-fused-to-metal crown and bridge restoration can significantly enhance the patient’s occlusal force of the abutment teeth, exert little effect on the periodontal tissue and have good biocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological evaluation of a novel porous tantalum scaffold Xie Hui, Ma Zhi-jie, Wang Jian-chuan, Wang Ben-jie, Wang Wei, Wei Xiao-wei, Zhao De-wei 2017, 21 (18):  2839-2845.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.009 Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (1721KB) ( 325 )   Save BACKGROUND: Based on the excellent biological performance of tantalum, tantalum coating can be prepared on the conventional substrate by the coating preparation technique, which lowers the cost and importantly provides a feasible direction for the application of tantalum metal devices. OBJECTIVE: To study the biocompatibility of porous silicon carbide scaffold with tantalum coating. METHODS: By atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition, the porous tantalum-coated silicon carbide scaffold was prepared. In an in vitro experiment, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with the porous tantalum-coated silicon carbide scaffold for 2 weeks. Then cell proliferation was detected using MTT method. Cell adhesion on the scaffold was observed using scanning electron microscope at 5, 10, 15 days after culture. In an in vivo experiment, the porous tantalum-coated silicon carbide material was implanted into the region of femoral head defects in dogs. Experimental animals were killed at 6, 12 weeks after implantation, and then the specimens of hard tissue sections were stained to observe the implant material and growth of its surrounding tissues under the microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In vitro experiment results: with increasing time in the co-culture, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited very strong proliferation, mutual connection and close arrangement. Interconnected cells crept into the pores of the porous tantalum-coated silicon carbide scaffold, and completely covered the tantalum surface, then forming overlapped cell clusters. (2) In vivo experimental results: 6 weeks after implantation, there was a clear boundary between the implant and surrounding bone tissues, and only a small amount of bone tissues crept into the porous tantalum-coated silicon carbide material in the presence of a little trabecular bone. Some voids and cracks around the pores of the implant were detectable. Neither damage nor rejection of tissues around materials occurred. At 12 weeks after implantation, the implant was fused well with the surrounding tissues in the presence of a large amount of bone tissues growing into the surface and pores and a large number of trabecular bones. To conclude, the tantalum-coated silicon carbide scaffold prepared by the atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition has good biocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of magnesium alloys with human endothelial cells Wang Xin-ling, Hu Tong-nan, Chu Bing-feng 2017, 21 (18):  2846-2851.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.010 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (4642KB) ( 534 )   Save BACKGROUND: Magnesium alloy is a material that is easily degradable and has good mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of the two kinds of magnesium alloy materials (AM50 and WE43) on proliferation and morphology of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells at logarithmic phase were cultured in 100%, 50%, 10% extracts of AM50 and WE43 or directly seeded on the surface of AM50 and WE43 for 24 hours to study the morphological effect of magnesium alloys on the cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured routinely served as negative controls. Relative growth rate of the cells was detected at 12, 24, 48 hours after culture. Cell morphology was observed using immunofluorescence staining at 24 hours after culture, and pH and element levels in the cell supernatant were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) AM50 and WE43 extracts showed no effects on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in comparison with the negative control group. (2) Compared with the negative control group, reduced area of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was found on the surface of AM50 or WE43 alloy by the immunofluorescent staining, and the cytoskeleton of the cytoplasm was blurred. However, after 24 hours of culture, morphological changes of the cells cultured in 10%, 50% and 100% AM50 or WE43 extracts were consistent with those cultured routinely. The cytoskeleton of the cytoplasm was clearly visible. (3) Compared with the negative control group, the pH values of 100% AM50 and WE43 extract groups were significantly upregulated, and the level of magnesium element was also increased remarkably. In summary, AM50 and WE43 alloys possess good cytocompatibility with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and have no influence on the cell proliferation and growth.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone regeneration via a novel honeycomb-like polycaprolactone-calcium silicate crystal compound scaffold in extreme-sized cranial defects Song Bing, Liao Zhe-ting, Chen Yu-fan, Zhao Liang 2017, 21 (18):  2852-2857.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.011 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (6197KB) ( 497 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polycaprolactone as a polymer material has poor biocompatibility, and needs to be combined with other natural biological materials to increase biocompatibility, thereby promoting tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel honeycomb-like polycaprolactone-calcium silicate crystal compound scaffold, and observe its osteogenic effects in Sprague-Dawley rats with skull defects. METHODS: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were used to make skull defect models and randomized into three groups: blank control group with no implantation, control group with implantation of normal polycaprolactone-calcium silicate crystal compound scaffold, and experimental group with implantation of the novel honeycomb-like polycaprolactone- calcium silicate crystal compound scaffold. Six weeks after implantation, bone regeneration effect in the defect region measured via X-ray scanning, Micro-CT three-dimensional reconstruction, and histological analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) X-ray scan: in all the rats, the size of bone defect was reduced, the fracture line became vague, and the marginal bone density was increased. The percentage of new bone area was highest in the experimental group, successively followed by the control group and blank control group. (2) Micro-CT three-dimensional reconstruction: new bones in the blank control group were mainly distributed on the both sides of the defect, but those in the control and experimental groups distributed in the defect region. The bone regeneration capacity was ranked as follows: experimental group > control group > blank control group (P < 0.05). (3) Histological analysis: new bone ingrowth was visible in all the three groups to different extents. Compared with the other two groups, new bone formation and microvessel density were significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). To conclude, this novel honeycomb-like polycaprolactone-calcium silicate crystal compound scaffold can obviously promote bone formation in the skull defect region.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional printing of strontium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds with varied macropore morphologies: an in vitro cytological experiment Zhang Xu, Wu Liang-hao, Li De-jian, Ao Rong-guang, Chen Fan-cheng, Yu Bin, Yu Bao-qing 2017, 21 (18):  2858-2863.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.012 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (4487KB) ( 515 )   Save BACKGROUND: Macropore morphology of a composite scaffold prepared by the three-dimensional printing technique is of great importance in determining the physicochemical and biological properties of tissue engineering scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To fabricate strontium-containing mesoporous (Sr-MBG) bioactive glass (PCL) scaffolds by the three-dimensional printing technique, and to explore the effect of these scaffolds on MC3T3-E1 proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, thereby to find out the optimal macropore morphology. METHODS: Sr-MBG/PCL composite scaffolds were fabricated by the three-dimensional printing technique. The angles between fibrous latitudes and longitudes were set to 45°, 60° and 90°. Then the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells on the scaffolds were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell counting kit-8 results showed that MC3T3-E1 cells could proliferate on all the three kinds of scaffolds. The proliferation rate of MC3T3-E1 cells on the 45° Sr-MBG/PCL scaffolds was just slightly higher than that on the 60° and 90° Sr-MBG/PCL scaffolds at days 1 and 4 (P > 0.05), but there was a significant increase at day 7 (P < 0.05). The 45° Sr-MBG/PCL scaffolds exhibited a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to the 60° and 90° Sr-MBG/PCL scaffolds at day 14 (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference among three groups at day 21 (P > 0.05). These results indicate that the 45° Sr-MBG/PCL scaffold is more suitable to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the MC3T3 cells than the 60° and 90° Sr-MBG/PCL scaffolds. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Degradation of a magnesium alloy stent in the rabbit abdominal aorta An Qian, Cui Wen-jun, Si Jiang-tao, Wang Ying, Wu Fei, Ding Yu, Li Yang, Wang Bing 2017, 21 (18):  2864-2869.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.013 Abstract ( 365 )   PDF (4851KB) ( 485 )   Save BACKGROUND: Foreign studies have found that the magnesium alloy stent is safe and effective, but there are few studies on the degradation performance of magnesium alloy stents in China. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the degradation of degradable AZ31 magnesium alloy stent in the rabbit abdominal aorta and the effect of degradation process on vascularization. METHODS: Twenty-eight rabbits were enrolled, and the degradable AZ31 magnesium alloy stent was implanted into the rabbit abdominal aorta. Postoperative abdominal aortic X-ray examination and histological observation were done at 30, 60, 90, 120 days after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) X-ray examination: 30 days after implantation, the stent expanded completely with structural integrity; 60 days after implantation, the stent deformation, partial stent fracture, and lose of support were found; 90 days after implantation, only a small amount of support rod residues were found, and the majority of the stent was degraded; and 120 days after implantation, there was no support rod residual, and the stent was degraded completely. (2) Histological observation: 60 days after implantation, the number of residual support rods was less than that 30 days after implantation (P < 0.05), the number value at 90 days after implantation was lower than that at 30 and 60 days after implantation (P < 0.05), and the number value at 120 days after implantation was lower than that at 30, 60, 90 days after implantation (P < 0.05), indicating that the number of residual support rods was negatively correlated with post-implantation days. The time for complete stent degradation was 124.8 days. The intimal area at 90 days after implantation was higher than that at 30, 60, 120 days after implantation (P < 0.05), while the lumen area was smaller than that at 30, 60, 120 days after implantation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the intimal area and lumen area at latter three time points after implantation. To conclude, the degradation of the degradable AZ31 magnesium alloy stent in the rabbit abdominal aorta can be completed within 124.8 days, and at 90 days after the stent is implanted, vascular intimal hyperplasia and lumen stenosis are most serious, and then gradually reduced. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel induces the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells toward neurons Li Zhen-jiang, Xu Chen-yang, Ding Bing-qian, Wei Xin-ting, Gao Ming, Xue Ya-ke, Liu Hong-lin 2017, 21 (18):  2870-2875.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.014 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (4468KB) ( 512 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan biological materials can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate toward neurons. As a derivative of chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan has a series of excellent properties. However, whether carboxymethyl chitosan can induce the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons and the possible mechanism. METHODS: Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats were selected and cultured in carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extracts in different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 500 g/L). Control cells were cultured in culture medium with no addition of carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extracts. MTT assay was performed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extracts on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. Western blot assay was used to explore the effect of 150 g/L carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extracts on the expression of neuron-specific enolase, Nestin, Vimentin, NF-M, microtubule associated protein 2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, β3-tubulin, Notch1 and Jag1 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MTT assay showed that carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel promoted the cell proliferation, and the proliferation rate reached the peak at the concentration of 150 g/L. Western blot assay showed that the cells induced by 150 g/L carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extract had significant increases in neuron-specific enolase, Nestin, Vimentin, NF-M, microtubule associated protein 2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and β3-tubulin protein expression, and obvious decreases in Notch1 and Jag1 protein expression in comparison with the control group. These results indicate that the carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel induces rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate toward neurons, and suppresses the activity of Notch signal pathway in the process of differentiation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gelatin sponge particles versus chitosan/alpha, beta-glycerophosphate gel microspheres in hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis Ji Ping, Chen Zhe, Sun Xiao-chen, Yuan Long 2017, 21 (18):  2876-2880.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.015 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (4944KB) ( 500 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is reported that gelatin sponge particles and chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres have high application prospects in the treatment of hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: Forty SPF Kunming mice were selected to make animal models of pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis using aerosolized inhalation device and randomly divided into two groups undergoing embolization for hemostasis using gelatin sponge particles and chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres, respectively. Body mass changes, hemostasis time, effective rate of hemostasis, related indexes of myocardium and pathological changes of pulmonary tuberculosis were observed at 15 and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mice in the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres group had higher body mass than those in the gelatin sponge group at 15 days after treatment (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the gelatin sponge group, the hemostatic efficiency was higher and the time of hemostasis was shorter in the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres group (P < 0.05). (3) There were no significant differences in the levels of BNP precursor, creatine kinase isoenzyme and creatine kinase between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) The lymphocyte infiltration and necrotic lesions were found around the microspheres, necrotic lesions were found, and there were a lot of active cells on the microspheres. There were a few lymphocytes in the gelatin sponge group. These results show that that the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres have better hemostatic effects in comparison with gelatin sponge particles in a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Repair of articular cartilage defects with polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan porous hydrogel combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Zhou Yong, Jia Zhao-feng, Liu Wei, Zhu Wei-min, Cui Jia-ming, He Yong, Chen Jie-lin, Wang Da-ming, Peng Liang-quan, Wang Da-ping 2017, 21 (18):  2881-2889.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.016 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (8417KB) ( 531 )   Save BACKGROUND: By mixing technology, various materials are mixed and complemented each other to enhance heat sensitivity, mechanical properties, viscoelasticity of the materials and improve their biocompatibility, biodegradability and other biomedical properties. OBJECTIVE: To prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) porous hydrogel and to observe its effects on the repair of articular cartilage defects. METHODS: PVA, CS and polysorbate-80 were used as raw materials to prepare the hydrogels at the PVA/CS ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 and 9:1 by freezing-thawing cycle and emulsification-frost-ice phase separation, and the physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were detected to find out the best PVA/CS ratio. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were enrolled to make models of bilateral articular cartilage defects, and then randomized into three groups: blank control group; control group; experimental group. The prepared hydrogel was compounded with rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and then implanted into the rabbit articular cartilage defect in the experimental group, the PVA/CS hydrogel was implanted in the control group, and nothing was implanted in the blank control group. After 12 weeks, the animals were killed and the repairing effect was observed by gross observation and histological examination.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The PVA/CS porous composite hydrogel was successfully prepared, and PVA:CS=6:4 was the best in the presence of good mechanical properties, stable physical and chemical properties, and water content ≥ 90%. In additional, scanning electron microscopy showed a porous network structure, with the porosity ≥ 90%. The results of cell counting kit-8 assay and the results of cell death and survival showed that the hydrogel was non-cytotoxic and beneficial to the cell proliferation. In the blank control group, knee articular cartilage defects were not repaired within 12 weeks after surgery, showing significant granulation tissue filling. In the control group, knee articular cartilage defects were full of cartilage-like tissues with no smooth surface, but there were a great amount of chondrocyte-like cells. In the experimental group, knee articular cartilage defects were well repaired and full of a great amount of chondrocytes with the smooth surface. To conclude, the PVA/CS porous composite hydrogel could repair articular cartilage defects as an ideal tissue-engineered cartilage material. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fresh amniotic membrane for repair of acute peripheral nerve injury Ma Tao, Kou Wen-guan, Liu Guo-li, Bai Jiang-bo, Yu Kun-lun, Tian De-hu 2017, 21 (18):  2890-2899.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.017 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (8989KB) ( 619 )   Save BACKGROUND: To improve local microenvironment and reduce local scars is conducive to peripheral nerve regeneration that promotes nerve function recovery. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of fresh amniotic membrane on the regeneration of tinjured peripheral nerve. METHODS: Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=20 per group) after constructing a model of sciatic nerve injury of the unilateral leg. In group A, the nerve was wrapped with fresh human amnion at the anastomosis end after the repair of nerve. In group B, the nerve was wrapped with biofilm at the anastomosis end after the repair of nerve. In group C, no treatment was conducted after the repair of nerve (blank control). The effects were evaluated by anatomical observation, light microscope observation, immunohistochemical detection (2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery), transmission electron microscope observation, axon imaging analysis, action potential detection, and sciatic nerve function index (4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Gross observation. The amniotic membrane and biofilm were absorbed partially at postoperative 2 weeks, mostly at postoperative 4 weeks and completely at postoperative 8 weeks. In the groups A and B, the nerve was adhered slightly and loosely to the surrounding tissues, with a fair range of motion. In the group C, the nerve was tightly adhered to the surrounding tissues, with a poor range of motion. (2) Observation under light microscope. The nerve regeneration was better in the groups A and B than group C at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively. (3) Observation under electron microscope. Regenerated nerve fibers were rarely seen and lamellar structures were unclear in the three groups at 4 weeks postoperatively. Then, increased regenerated nerve fibers, thickened myelin sheath, clear lamellar structure and enlarged axon diameter were found in the groups A and B compared with the group C at 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. (4) Immunohistochemical detection. The expression and distribution of S-100 protein in the groups A and B were better than those in the group C. (5) Axon image analysis. Groups A and B were superior to the group C in the diameter of myelinated nerve fibers, thickness of myelin sheath and number of regenerated nerve fibers. There was a significant difference by statistical analysis (P < 0.05). (6) Electrophysiological examination. Shorter latency period, higher amplitude and faster nerve conduction velocities were observed in the groups A and B compared with the group C (P < 0.05). (7) The sciatic function index. The sciatic function index in group A or B was significantly higher than that in group C (P < 0.05). To conclude, the human amniotic membrane can reduce adhesion between the damaged nerve and surrounding tissues, and prevent scarring at the anastomosis end. In addition, it promotes the regeneration of nerve fibers, increase axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness, and ease inflammatory and immune responses at the neural incision. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical use of gelatin sponge in palatorrhaphy Hu Guang-wei, Liao Tian-an, Wang Tao, Wang Hong 2017, 21 (18):  2900-2905.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.018 Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (1701KB) ( 294 )   Save BACKGROUND: In palatorrhaphy, iodoform gauzes are often used to fill the bilateral relaxation incisions and cover the wound. However, there are a series of postoperative complications, such as fever, loss of appetite, foreign body sensation, secondary bleeding. In order to avoid or reduce the complications after palatorrhaphy, the use of gelatin sponge to fill bilateral relaxation incisions has achieved good clinical results. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of different treatments on wound healing after palatorrhaphy． METHODS: 110 child patients with cleft palate were selected and assigned into two groups according to admission time. Fifty-four patients who admitted from January 2013 to December 2015 (experimental group) were obturated with gelatin sponge, while the other 56 patients who admitted from January 2008 to December 2012 (control group) were obturated with idoform gauze. The postoperative results of patients were assessed in various aspects, including psychological impact, diet, body temperature, bleeding, and wound healing. The incision scar width was measured at 4 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Patients in the experimental group experienced shorter recovery time than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) Patients in the experimental group had substantially lower incidence of fever postoperatively, and shorter duration of fever than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) In comparison to the control group, the experimental group showed less postoperative complications such as bleeding and vomiting (P < 0.05). (4) The incision scar width in the experimental group was significantly narrower than that in the control group (P < 0.05) after 4 weeks. These experimental findings demonstrate the superior effect of gelatin sponge over iodoform gauze and its value in clinical application with better healing, less bleeding, shorter recovery time and no impact on eating. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of osteosarcoma by targeting transportation of pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX compounds with bacterial magnetosomes Yu Shui-sheng, Cheng Li, Xu Xin-zhong, Ke You-qun, Jing Jue-hua 2017, 21 (18):  2906-2912.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.019 Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (1194KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: In an additional changing magnetic field, magnetosomes can invade the tumor cells and inhibit their proliferation. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of targeted delivery of pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX compounds with magnetosome of magnetotactic bacteria on the treatment of osteosarcoma. METHODS: Human osteosarcoma cell U2OS was divided into four groups: group A: magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria+pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX complex; group B: magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria; group C: magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria+pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX complex, combined with magnetic intervention; group D: magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria, combined with magnetic intervention. After 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture, the uptake rate of osteosarcoma cells was observed; cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry; PLK1 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively; cell proliferation was explored by MTT assay; cell adhesion and invasion were checked by adhesion assay and Transwell chamber assay, respectively; and the apoptosis rate was measured by apoptosis detection Kit. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After culture of 12 and 24 hours, the uptake rate was the highest in group D; meanwhile, the uptake rate was the highest in group B after 48 and 72 hours of culture. (2) The ratio of G2/M phase decreased and the ratio of G0/G1 increased gradually in group A, group C and group D; the G2/M phase ratio of C group was the lowest at each time point, followed by group D, and that of group A was the highest; and the G2/M phase ratio increased gradually in group B. (3) Following 12 and 24 hours of culture, the expression of PLK1 in group B and group D was higher than that in group A and group C (P < 0.05); in addition, the expression of PLK1 in group B was higher than that in the other three groups after 48 and 72 hours of culture (P < 0.05), and the PLK1 level in group D was higher than that in group A and group C (P < 0.05). (4) The proliferation, adhesion and invasion ability in group B were the highest at different time points, but the apoptosis rate was the lowest. Furthermore, the proliferation, adhesion and invasion abilities in group C were the lowest at different time points, and the apoptosis rate was the highest. To conclude, our experimental results show that the targeted delivery of pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX complex by magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria can enhance the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and inhibit their proliferation and invasion. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A novel tissue-engineered crosslinked collagen-chitosan scaffold and its biocompatibility with nerve cells Lu Jiang, Chen Xuan-li, Tang He-xin, She Na, Zhu Yao, Li Si-xing, Wang Tian-ying, Zhang Guo-hui 2017, 21 (18):  2913-2919.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.020 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (1187KB) ( 367 )   Save BACKGROUND: Treatment for peripheral nerve injury is still a challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. The use of scaffold materials is considered to be one of the promising opportunities to settle these defects. The ideal scaffold material should be safe and durable, but have no antigenicity. OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel tissue-engineered collagen-chitosan composite scaffolds under modification in attempt to repair sciatic nerve injury in rats. METHODS: First the collagen-chitosan composite scaffold was prepared, and then cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-2 methyl amino propyl)-WC 2 imide (EDC) and N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS). After modification, nerve cells were seeded onto the scaffold. Finally, the cell-scaffold composite was implanted into the injured sciatic nerve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The EDC/NHS-crosslinked collagen-chitosan scaffold showed a three-dimensional reticular structure. Four weeks after the cell-scaffold composite implantation, neurofilament protein 200 was found to express in the injured sciatic nerve. This indicates that the crosslinked collagen-chitosan scaffold has good cytocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of absorbable anti-adhesion membranes Chen Zao-mei, Li Ru-bing 2017, 21 (18):  2920-2926.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.021 Abstract ( 632 )   PDF (1729KB) ( 340 )   Save BACKGROUND: Postoperative tissue adhesions can cause serious complications, resulting in the loss of body function, which deeply affects the patient’s quality of life, and brings great threat to the life and health. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent postoperative tissue adhesion. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the achievement of absorbable anti-adhesion membrane in recent years, and to gain further insight into its advantages and disadvantages. METHODS: PubMed and CNKI were searched for relevant articles about anti-adhesion materials or products published from 2005 to 2016. The key words were “absorbable membrane, absorbability, anti-stiction, anti-adhesion, electrospinning, electrospun, nano-fiber, anti adhesion membrane/film, biodegradability” in Chinese and English, respectively. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Anti-adhesion membranes can effectively prevent postoperative adhesions, accelerate wound healing, and improve patients’ quality of life. Bio-films, prepared using the film casting method, have the shortcomings of brittleness and poor toughness, which limit its clinical application. However, the anti-adhesion membrane made by electrostatic spinning technology has the advantages of high plasticity and good adhesiveness. It not only has the function of preventing adhesion, but also has a good biocompatibility during the tissue healing process. More fortunately, it can be degraded or absorbed in the postoperative period, showing its potential advantages. Nano-fiber products prepared by electro-spinning technology possess excellent characteristics, such as specific surface-area, high porosity, strong adsorption, fine fibrousness, excellent mechanical properties and so on, which have attracted much attention in the biomedical field. Such products have been also widely used in wound repair, tissue engineering and absorbable anti-adhesion membranes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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3D printing of biological materials: progress and clinical application Yang Dao-peng, Xia Xu 2017, 21 (18):  2927-2933.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.022 Abstract ( 612 )   PDF (1249KB) ( 320 )   Save BACKGROUND: 3D printing, a rapid prototyping technology, is considered to be one of the symbols of the third industrial revolution. There are many kinds of 3D printed materials, which have a wide range of clinical applications.  OBJECTIVE: To systematically introduce 3D printed biological materials, to summarize the application advances of 3D printing technology in the printing and production of bone, artificial limbs, dentures, skin, blood vessels, stent, implant prosthesis, and tumor models, as well as to investigate the performance conditions of 3D printed biomaterials based on the advantages and disadvantages of the currently used biomaterials, in order to provide reference for future research.  METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed was performed to search relevant articles published from 2010 to 2016, using the keywords of “three-dimensional printing/3D printing/3-D printing; biomaterials; clinical application” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Great progress in 3D printed biomaterials has been made. However, there are some defects in the existing printed materials, such as high cost, low printing precision and poor biodegradability. Only if the problem of materials is solved, can we continue to develop 3D printing technology. New breakthroughs in 3D printing in the field of medicine have been made, and new technologies and new materials have been applied in clinical practice. Systemic summarization of these application achievements of 3D printing in the field of medicine can provide reference for future medical research.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current development and clinical application of pancreatic stents Wang Jiang, Liu Kai 2017, 21 (18):  2934-2639.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.023 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (989KB) ( 332 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, the morbidity of chronic pancreatitis has been increasing dramatically with lifestyle changes. Fortunately, endoscopic pancreatic stenting for patients with chronic pancreatitis shows favorable clinical prospects. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the advantages and disadvantages of various stent materials and to review the development and clinical application of pancreatic stents. METHODS: With the key words of “chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic stent” in Chinese and English, respectively, a computer-based search was performed for articles published in CNKI and PubMed databases from January 2005 to November 2016. After the initial screening, articles related to endoscopic pancreatic stenting used in vitro, in vivo or in clinic were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endoscopic pancreatic stenting has become a recognized treatment for chronic pancreatitis in recent years. Therefore, the development and application of the materials of pancreatic duct stents appear to be particularly important. According to different materials, pancreatic duct stents can be classified into plastic stents, fully covered self-expandable metal stents, and biodegradable stents. The complications, including stent migration and secondary surgery, frequently appear in the clinical use of plastic pancreatic duct stents and self-expandable metal stents, although they have been widely used in clinical practice. Biodegradable pancreatic duct stents can be degraded completely in the pancreatic duct within the expected time, and thereby avoid several complications. Consequently, the exploitation and application of biodegradable pancreatic duct stents have become an issue of concern. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical advances of tendon tissue engineering materials in tendon injury Feng Peng-fei, Wang Ji-hong, Ji Yun-tao, Zhao Jia-li 2017, 21 (18):  2940-2945.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.024 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (907KB) ( 289 )   Save BACKGROUND: The research and development of scaffold materials is the key to tissue engineering, as the scaffold can provide a stable external environment for cell growth. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical advances in tendon tissue engineering materials. METHODS: We searched CBM, CNKI, CSTJ and PubMed database for relevant articles published from January 2004 to May 2016. The keywords were “tissue engineering, tendon injuries, biological scaffold, tendon healing” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The commonly used tissue engineering tendon materials include natural polymer materials, biological derivatives, synthetic materials and composite materials. Natural polymer materials retain the three-dimensional network structure of the normal tissue, with good biocompatibility but poor mechanical properties and degradation speed. Synthetic polymer materials present with good mechanical properties and biodegradability, but have low hydrophilicity and poor cell adhesion capability. Composite materials as an effective combination of the two above-mentioned materials exhibit a certain potential in clinical practice. Biological derivatives come from organisms, and have a net structure and biomechanical properties most similar to the human body after appropriate treatment. Additionally, these derivatives also have the normal physiological activity and functions, which are considered as the future development direction of biomedical materials. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nickel-titanium memory-shape compression anastomosis clip for gastrointestinal anastomosis:a Meta-analysis and sequential analysis Wu Jian-yu, Sun Wei-peng, Guo Wei, Yang Hai-gan, Zhang Zi-jing, Hou Zheng-kun, Fan Dong-mei, Wen Jun-mao, Chen Yu-zhong 2017, 21 (18):  2946-2952.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.18.025 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (4642KB) ( 270 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nickel-titanium memory-shape compression anastomosis clip (Ni-Ti CAC) has been used in gastrointestinal anastomosis, but its efficacy and safety still remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ni-Ti CAC in gastrointestinal anastomosis. METHODS: A computer-based online research of PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, and VIP databases was performed for articles published before January 15th, 2017 using the keywords of “nickel-titanium, compression anastomosis clip, anastomosis, gastric, jejunum, ileum, small intestine, colon, rectum, and large intestine” in English and Chinese, respectively. The randomized controlled trials about Ni-Ti CAC versus conventional methods for gastrointestinal anastomosis were included. Meta-analysis of the anastomosis time, time of exsufflation, and hospitalization time was performed, and sequential analysis was conducted on TSA v0.9 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 18 eligible randomized controlled trials were enrolled, involving 1 860 patients. Ni-Ti CAC could reduce the anastomosis time [MD=-3.83, 95% CI(-6.48, -1.19), P=0.004] and time of exsufflation [MD=-0.14, 95% CI(-0.22,-0.05), P=0.002], but there was no significant difference in the hospitalization time [MD=-0.83, 95% CI(-1.82, 0.16), P=0.10]. The quality was ranked as low level based on GRADE system. The time of exsufflation of Ni-Ti CAC was superior to that of conventional method, which was confirmed by sequential analysis. One case of death was reported and incision infection was the most common adverse effects; additionally, pulmonary embolism and abdominal pain occurred. To conclude, Ni-Ti CAC can facilitate gastrointestinal anastomosis, accelerate the time of exsufflation, and holds a good safety. However, more multicenter and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics