Table of Content

30 September 2015, Volume 19 Issue 40 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Reconstruction of three-dimensional models of knee joint using CT image post-processing technique: evaluation of bone tunnel difference after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using three-dimensional computed tomography  Gao Guan-qi, Zhang Ke-yuan 2015, 19 (40):  6397-6401.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.001 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (926KB) ( 405 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that factors affecting the outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction mainly depend on the position of bone tunnels. However, there still exists certain controversy over the researches on the position of bone tunnels. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of three-dimensional computed tomography on postoperative evaluation of bone tunnel after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under arthroscopic assistance. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury who received the treatment from January 2014 to August 2014 underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under arthroscopic assistance. The femoral end was fixed using an Endobutton, and tibial end was fixed using absorbable interference screws. 58 knees from patients were scanned respectively by means of a dual-source CT scanner. A three-dimensional model of knee was rebuilt on a CT image post-processing workstation to reproduce the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle and reconstruct single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament, tibial plateau and bone tunnel. The cases that had a Lysholm score ≥ 80 points were included in the excellent and good group and those who had a Lysholm score < 80 points in the poor group. The relative position of the center point of the femoral and tibial bone tunnels were marked and measured and the position relation between the two center points was estimated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction method clearlyreflected the situation of bone tunnel and its entrance, fixtures and grafts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There was significant difference in the center point of femoral tunnel of the knee on the operated side between excellent and good group and poor group (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the center point of the tibial tunnel between these two groups (P > 0.05). These results confirm that three-dimensional computed tomography can help to clearly reconstruct the images of bone tunnel and anterior cruciate ligament grafts after operation, which can be used clinically to assess the relationship between bone tunnel location and graft misshaping. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of zoledronic acid on bone metabolism disturbance in the femur of type 1 diabetic rat models Cao Lu-ning, Cui Min, Yu Ling-zhi, Zhang Na, Zhao Xu 2015, 19 (40):  6402-6407.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.002 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (935KB) ( 422 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis caused by diabetes mellitus as common secondary osteoporosis has been paid more and more attention recently. Zoledronic acid serves as a novel drug for osteoporosis, and its effect on osteoblasts in vivo remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Noggin in the femur of type 1 diabetes mellitus rats and the effect of zoledronic acid on them. METHODS: Models of type 1 diabetes mellitus were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in 130 Wistar rats. 3 days later, rats with blood sugar > 16.7 mmol/L for three consecutive times were considered as successful models, 120 in total. These models were randomly divided into model, prevention and treatment groups. Rats in the prevention and treatment groups were intravenously administered zoledronic acid (0.1 mg/kg) on the day of modeling and 2 weeks after model establishment. An additional 40 rats were injected with citrate buffer solution as control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, femur bone mineral density, serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and femur bone morphogenetic protein 2 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the model group (P < 0.05), but Noggin mRNA expression significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, bone mineral density and bone morphogenetic protein 2 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the prevention and treatment groups (P < 0.05), but Noggin mRNA expression significantly lower (P < 0.05), and serum alkaline phosphatase levels gradually restored. These results indicated that the bone metabolic disturbance occurs in early stage in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Zoledronic acid can promote bone formation, increase bone density, and improve bone metabolism. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Establishment of osteosarcoma cell models: effects of NS-398 on invasive ability of MG-63 cells under hypoxic condition  Wang Yi-fan, Xu Yong-tao 2015, 19 (40):  6408-6412.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.003 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (930KB) ( 342 )   Save BACKGROUND: In anoxic environment, invasive ability of tumor cells significantly increased. The increase in above invasive ability is possibly associated with the changes in urokinase or matrix metalloproteinases. Studies on hypoxia and tumor therapy especially the effect on chemotherapy have made great progress, and found that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a key nuclear factor mediating cellular hypoxia response, and also an important factor for regulating cell apoptosis during hypoxia. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398 on invasive ability of MG-63 cells under hypoxic condition in cell models of hypoxia osteosarcoma. METHODS: Chemical hypoxia inducer cobalt chloride was used to establish chemical hypoxia environment of concentration gradient of 0, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L. Under 200 μmol/L cobalt chloride, concentration gradient of 30, 60, 90 μmol/L of NS-398 were set. Osteosarcoma cells were determined after 48 hours of culture. Quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 9 mRNA and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA. Western blot assay was applied to measure hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine cell apoptosis in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PCR and western blot assay results demonstrated that with increased concentration of cobalt chloride, matrix metalloproteinases 9 mRNA and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA and protein expression increased (P < 0.05), showing a concentration-dependent manner. Under cobalt chloride concentration of 200 μmol/L and hypoxia, with increased concentration of NS-398, matrix metalloproteinases 9 mRNA and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA and protein expression gradually reduced, showing a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that under 400 μmol/L cobalt chloride concentration, cell apoptosis noticeably reduced. Under cobalt chloride concentration of 200 μmol/L and hypoxia, with increased concentration of NS-398, cell apoptosis increased (P < 0.05). Results confirm that anaerobic environment is an important factor for increased invasive ability of osteosarcoma. Under the anaerobic environment, NS-398 could effectively suppress the invasive ability of osteosarcoma and promote cell apoptosis.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of rat models of failed back surgery syndrome and the possible mechanisms of Shenshu magnetic stimulation therapy Wu Feng, Chen Xuan-huang, Huang Man-wei, Lin Hai-bin, Zheng Jin-qing 2015, 19 (40):  6413-6417.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.004 Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (993KB) ( 245 )   Save BACKGROUND: The important reason for failed back surgery syndrome is the postoperative epidural scar adhesions, therefore, exploring the methods of preventing postoperative lumbar epidural scar adhesions has always been a hot research in spine surgery field. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenshu point magnetic stimulation therapy on epidural scar adhesions in rat models of failed back surgery syndrome. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rat models of failed back surgery syndrome were successfully established using the method of laminectomy, and then divided into Shenshu magnetic therapy group and blank control group. Beginning from 1 week after modeling, rats in the Shenshu magnetic therapy group were subjected to bilateral Shenshu magnetic stimulation for 6 weeks, 5 days of treatment per week. Rats in the blank control group were not given any intervention. At 13 weeks after modeling, rats were harvested and the area ratio of epidural scars, range of adhesions and formation of collagen fibers were observed under light microscope. Fibroblasts were counted. Hydroxyproline content and transforming growth factor β1 expression in scar tissue were compared between these two groups.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After Shenshu magnetic stimulation therapy, epidural scar tissue was reduced,a few fibroblasts infiltrated and hydroxyproline content and transforming growth factor β1 expression in the epidural scar tissue were decreased. There were very significant differences about these indices between Shenshu magnetic therapy and blank control groups (P < 0.001). These results suggest that Shenshu magnetic stimulation therapy can significantly reduce postoperative lumbar epidural scar formation, which is the possible mechanism in the treatment of failed back surgery syndrome. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application value of echocardiography in establishing rabbit models of diastolic heart failure Gong Li-yuan, Huang Wei, Chen Jian-ming, Lin Yang-yuan 2015, 19 (40):  6418-6422.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.005 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (757KB) ( 276 )   Save BACKGROUND: Related medical researches have shown that the incidence of simple diastolic heart failure is higher than that of systolic heart failure. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application value of echocardiography in the monitoring of rabbit models of simple diastolic heart failure. METHODS: Sixty healthy male New Zealand rabbits were included in this study. The pressure overload hypertrophy rabbit model was established by the method of abdominal aortic coarctation. Rabbits were randomly divided into surgical group and sham group. All rabbits were subjected to the echocardiography and left heart catheterization, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and relaxation time constants were measured to judge the presence of simple diastolic heart failure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, the aortic annular diameter was significantly reduced before surgery and at 1, 4, 8 weeks after surgery in the model group (P < 0.05); the peak of retrograde velocity at atrial contraction was decreased in the model rabbits at 8 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05); the left ventricle dry weight, ratio of left ventricle dry weight/body weight, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, systolic pressure, interventricular septum, left ventricle systolic pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were obviously increased at 8 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05). Experimental findings indicate that rabbit models of simple diastolic heart failure are successfully established, and echocardiography can effectively monitor the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in cardiac hypertrophy. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Variations of brain edema and neurological function of rat models of cerebral infarction after hyperbaric oxygen therapy Tian Xuan 2015, 19 (40):  6423-6428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.006 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (6308KB) ( 336 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that hyperbaric oxygen could better protect cranial nerve and brain cells. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can make oxygen partial pressure rapidly diffusing toward relatively hypoxic brain tissue, so as to increase blood oxygen content in the brain tissue, reduce brain edema and promote the recovery of brain function. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on brain tissue swelling in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and discuss the possible mechanism of action underlying the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in rats with cerebral infraction.  METHODS: Sixty adult female rat models of cerebral infarction were successfully established by middle cerebral artery occlusion using suture method and then randomly divided into the sham, cerebral infarction and hyperbaric oxygen therapy groups (n=20 rats/group). At 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, apoptosis of nerve cells in the infract area of rats in each group was detected by TUNEL method. At 72 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, the gene transcription and protein expression of aquaporin 4/9 and matrix metalloproteinases 9/2 in the peri-infarct area were detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The pathomorphological change in the infract area was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. At 24 hours and 3 days after hyperbaric oxygen therapy and at 1 and 2 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion, neurological behaviors were evaluated using Longa behavioral scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 1, 2 days of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, Longa behavioral scores in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group were significantly lower than those in the cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). At 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, cell apoptosis index in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group was significantly lower than that in the cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). At 72 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, the aquaporin 4/9, matrix metalloproteinases 9/2 gene and protein expression in the hyperbaric oxygen group were significantly lower than those in the cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can play its protective role by decreasing apoptosis of nerve cells in the infarct area and lessening the edema of brain tissue in rats with cerebral infarction. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of type 2 diabetes rat models of lower limb ischemia by feeding with high-fat diet  Li Xiao-ling, Liu Yi-xuan, Zhu Lv-yun, Song Guang-yao, Wang Zhen-quan, Wang Chao 2015, 19 (40):  6429-6435.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.007 Abstract ( 560 )   PDF (4711KB) ( 389 )   Save BACKGROUND: The method of ligating or resecting rat lower limb femoral or iliac artery has been widely used to make rat models of lower limb ischemia, but there have been no stable and effective methods used to establish diabetic models of chronic atherosclerotic occlusive diseases and to evaluate the ischemic status of hindlimbs of models. OBJECTIVE: To establish type 2 diabetes rat models of lower limb ischemia by feeding with high-fat diet and to evaluate them. METHODS: Twenty rats were randomly and evenly divided into diabetes group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Rats in the diabetes group were fed with high-fat diet for 6 months, and were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Rats in the control group were fed with normal diet for 6 months. Rats in these two  groups were subjected to ligation of femoral artery to establish right lower limb ischemia models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the first day of modeling, color Doppler flow imaging and CT angiography showed obviously decreased blood flow suggesting the success of establishing ischemia model. At 7 and14 days after modeling, the blood flow of rats in these two groups showed a gradual recovery as detected by color Doppler flow imaging. At 28 days after modeling, blood flow of rats in the diabetes group was significantly slower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CT angiography showed that at 28 days after modeling, only a small amount of compensatory increase in blood flow of the blood vessels at the ligation position of proximal right lower limb femoral artery was seen in the diabetes group, while no obvious blow was observed in the distal part. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical staining showed that at 28 days after modeling, destroyed tissue structure and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the ischemic region and capillary density on the affected side was lower than that on the healthy side. The protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic muscle tissue of rats in the diabetes group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). These results show that diabetic rat models of lower limb ischemia can be successfully established by long term high-fat diet feeding and femoral artery ligation and they can be validated by CT angiography. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Intravenous injection of bleomycin induces pulmonary fibrosis in mice: a stability evaluation Tu Chang-li, Liu Xiang, Zheng Xiao-bin, Yu Jia-lin, Zhu Shu-qin, Su Min-hong, Wu Wei-ming, Huang Jin 2015, 19 (40):  6436-6443.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.008 Abstract ( 620 )   PDF (6512KB) ( 324 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is particularly important to establish an ideal animal model of pulmonary fibrosis to investigate the underlying pathogenesis and screen effective drugs to prevent and control pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To establish a modified scheme of establishing mouse models that can reflect pulmonary fibrosis formation in humans. METHODS: Fifty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: A (a single large-dose injection) and B (multiple small-dose injections). Mice in group A were subjected to a single intravenous injection of bleomycin 200 mg/kg via the tail vein; and mice in group B received intravenous injections of bleomycin 50 mg/kg via the tail vein per week, totally for 6 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Micro-CT scan images showed that pulmonary manifestations at the 4th week after modeling was the most representative in group A, including peri-pulmonary field and the grid-like shadows on the lung bottom, uneven patchy shadows, opaque shadow. The range of lung lesions was slightly decreased at the 6th week. The pulmonary pathological changes displayed on CT scans of mice from the group B were similar to those in group A, but the pulmonary fibrosis was gradually aggravated with time. The scores of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in group A reached the highest level at the 4th week after modeling, and slightly decreased at the 6th week, while in group B, the scores of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were gradually increased after modeling, and higher than those in group A at the 6th week. Immunohistochemistry showed that abnormal type I collagen deposition was mainly distributed in the subpleural region, peri-vascular region and alveolar septa, which was consistent with the distribution of collagen fibers displayed by Masson staining. The expression of transforming growth factor β1 and α smooth muscle actin in the regions developing alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was significantly increased. In group A, the expression of type I collagen, transforming growth factor β1 and α smooth muscle actin reached the peak level at the 4th week after modeling, and slightly declined at the 6th week. In group B, the expression of typeⅠcollagen, transforming growth factor β1 and α smooth muscle actin was gradually increased after modeling, and was higher than that in group A at the 6th week. The hydroxyproline content in lung tissue of mice in group A reached the peak at the 4th week after modeling, and slightly declined at the 6th week, however, in B group, it was gradually increased after modeling, and was higher than that in group A at the 6th week after modeling. These results demonstrate that (1) intravenous injection of bleomycin via the tail vein can effectively induce pulmonary fibrosis; (2) transforming growth factor β1 and α smooth muscle actin play an important role in the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis; (3) mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis induced by multiple injections of small-dose bleomycin have more typical characteristics of usual interstitial pneumonia in particular better stability, and are more in line with the evolution of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis-induced by a single injection of large-dose bleomycin. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Correlation of brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac function of rabbits with hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy exhibiting different left ventricular geometries Luo Wen-ting, Li Guang-sen, Wang Yuan-zheng, Tian Yan, Kang Wen, Meng Si-si 2015, 19 (40):  6444-6449.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.009 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (1195KB) ( 324 )   Save BACKGROUND: Toxic effects of excessive thyroid hormone on myocardium can not be ignored with the increased incidence of hyperthyroidism. As a quantitative marker of heart failure, brain natriuretic peptide has a good application prospect to estimate the changes of cardiac function and myocardial damage in hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac function of rabbits with hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy exhibiting different left ventricular geometries. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand purebred rabbits were used in this study. Hyperthyroidism model was established by intraperitoneal injection of levothyroxine (45 μg/kg) for 4 weeks. The success of establishing model is defined upon the appearance of irritation, decreased body weight and increased appetite. Totally 18 rats were successfully established. The left ventricular data of hyperthyroidism rabbits were measured by conventional echocardiography. According to the classification of Ganau et al, the 18 hyperthyroidism rabbits were divided into two groups: concentric hypertrophy (n=7) and eccentric hypertrophy (n=11). In addition, ten rats, receiving intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL saline per day, were taken as the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide level of rabbits in the concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy groups was obviously higher than that of the control group (all P < 0.01), and the level in the eccentric hypertrophy group was obviously higher than in the concentric hypertrophy group (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the average peak diastolic velocity of mitral ring was significantly lower in the concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy groups (all P < 0.01), the average peak systolic velocity of mitral ring was also lower in the eccentric hypertrophy group (P < 0.01). The peak systolic and diastolic velocity had a negative correlation with brain natriuretic peptide (all P < 0.01). Experimental findings indicate that brain natriuretic peptide is a sensitive indicator to reflect the cardiac function and myocardial damage in rabbits with hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy, exhibiting different left ventricular geomeies.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of exercise preconditioning on expression of STAT3 and Caspase-3 in the heart of rats with exhaustive exercise injury  Sun Xiao-juan 2015, 19 (40):  6450-6454.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.010 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1130KB) ( 576 )   Save BACKGROUND: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Caspase-3 are the important factors in JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. However, there are few studies on their role in the exercise preconditioning for myocardial protection. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of exercise preconditioning on the expression of STAT3 and Caspase-3 in the heart of rats and investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of action. METHODS: Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, exhaustive, exercise preconditioning, and exercise preconditioning+AG490 groups. The exercise preconditioning rat models were established by subjecting to intermittent treadmill exercise for 3 successive days. Rats in the control group were fed routinely for 3 days. Rats in the exhaustive group underwent treadmill exercise at 30 m/min until exhaustion after 3 days of routine raise. Rats in the exercise preconditioning group underwent exercise preconditioning for 3 days, and 24 hours later, they underwent treadmill exercises at the speed of 30 m/min until exhaustion. Rats in the exercise preconditioning+AG490 groups were intraperitoneally injected JAK2 inhibitor AG490 (3 mg/kg) at 10 minutes before exercise preconditioning and the remaining treatments were the same as that in the exercise preconditioning group. Myocardial ischemia and hypoxia degrees were detected by hematoxylin basic fuchsin picric acid staining method. The expression of STAT3 in the heart of rats was detected by Western blot assay and Caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry,respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the myocardial ischemia and hypoxia area and the expression of Caspase-3 and STAT3 in the heart of rats were obviously increased in the exhaustive group. Compared with the exhaustive group, the myocardial ischemia and hypoxia area and the expression of Caspase-3 in the heart of rats were noticeably decreased, but the expression of STAT3 in the heart of rats was significantly increased in the exercise preconditioning group. Compared with the exercise preconditioning group, the myocardial ischemia and hypoxia area and the expression of Caspase-3 in the heart of rats were remarkably increased, but the expression of STAT3 in the heart of rats was obviously decreased in the exercise preconditioning+AG490 group. These results suggest that exercise preconditioning plays its cardioprotective role through activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, increasing the expression of STAT3 and down-regulating the expression of Caspase-3 in the heart of rats, reducing the apoptosis of myocardial cells, and alleviating myocardial ischemia injury.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Use of alprostadil for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in rats: variations in histopathology and vessel structure  He Jun-feng, Gu Guo-mei, Yang Le-mei 2015, 19 (40):  6455-6459.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.011 Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (1023KB) ( 293 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension still lacks effective treatment measures. The effects of alprostadil in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of alprostadil in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia. METHODS: 24 experimental rats were randomly and evenly divided into control group, model group, and treatment group. The rats of model and treatment groups were fed in the hypoxic box to establish the animal model of pulmonary hypertension, and the rats of control group were fed in the normal air. After pulmonary hypertension induction, rats from the treatment group were intraperitoneally administered alprostadil injection   (5 μg/kg per day) for 4 consecutive weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular systolic pressure, pulmonary vascular thickness, size of blood vessels and alveolar wall thickness of rats in the treatment group were obviously decreased. The results suggest that alprostadil can decrease pulmonary artery pressure and prevent lung injury.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves nerve regeneration microenvironment and promotes rat nerve function recovery after cerebral infarction  Sun Jing-jing, Song Nai-guang, Zhang Yao-long, Gao Shu-huan, Sun Cai-yue, Xue Jian, He Yong-gui, Xi Jin-kun, Zhang Guo-bin 2015, 19 (40):  6460-6464.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.012 Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (803KB) ( 278 )   Save BACKGROUND: Numerous clinical studies have confirmed that the microenvironment at a spinal cord injury site can be obviously improved through hyperbaric oxygen therapy; however, what effect does hyperbaric oxygen  have on the microenvironment of the injured brain? OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on nerve regeneration microenvironment and the recovery of rat nerve function after focal cerebral infarction. METHODS: Rat models of focal cerebral infarction were established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and subjected to hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Sham group and model group were established as comparison. In the sham group, rat models of focal cerebral infarction were established but did not receive any treatment. Rats in the model group were placed in a hyperbaric oxygen therapy chamber but the pressure and oxygen concentration were not administered.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the score of rat limb function at 16 days after treatment and the expression of growth associated protein 43 in the rat cerebral infarcted area at postoperative 14 days were significantly increased , but infarct volume at postoperative 24 hours was all significantly decreased in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (all P < 0.05). These results confirmed that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can improve nerve regeneration microenvironment and promote the recovery of rat nerve function after focal cerebral infarction.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Poria compound combined with aerobic exercise on lipid and adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis rats Gong Qing-bo 2015, 19 (40):  6465-6469.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.013 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (865KB) ( 277 )   Save BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise has an anti-atherosclerosis effect and some Chinese herbal components have some interventional effects on the atherosclerosis vulnerable plaque. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects on lipid metabolism and adhesion molecules of atherosclerotic elderly rats after the interventions of Poria compound and aerobics exercise, and explore the mechanism and prevention of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis. METHODS: Forty Spraque-Dawley elderly rats, of specific pathogen free level, were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, medication group, and intervention group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the control group were normally fed, while rats in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with vitamin D3 and high-fat forage for 16 weeks, to establish atherosclerosis model. During the model establishment, rats in the medication and intervention groups were given 20 g/kg Poria compound and Poria compound + 1-hour swimming, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein expression, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and lymphocyte function association antigen-1 concentrations were increased in the model group. Compared with the model group, these indexes were obviously increased in the medication and intervention groups. The serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein expression in the intervention group were lower than those in the medication group, while the serum   high-density lipoprotein expression was higher than the medication group. Experimental findings indicate that, the combined interventions of Poria compound and aerobics exercise is better than Poria compound alone, and multi-factor treatment of atherosclerosis should be taken to enhance the efficacy of collaborative approach. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Establishment of cerebral infarction models in beagle dogs by superselective catheterization via the vertebral basilar artery: cerebral arterial digital subtraction angiography manifestation Wei Wen-jiang, Xiao Cheng-jiang, Li Li-heng, Xiao Ke-xi, Zhao Zhi-xiang, Xu Guang, Tang Ying-hong 2015, 19 (40):  6470-6474.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.014 Abstract ( 497 )   PDF (7173KB) ( 275 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is difficult to perform superselective catheterization of the internal carotid artery in dogs because of the large bending and spiral shape of the interal carotid artery before entering into the skull. At present, the dog models of cerebral infarction established by injecting autologous blood clots and gelatin sponge via the internal carotid artery are far from the perspective of pathological mechanism of human patients with cerebral infarction. Aortography can visualize the structure of cerebral vessels and is likely to provide a new condition for the establishment of dog models of acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of establishing cerebral infarction models in beagle dogs by superselective catheterization via the vertebral basilar artery. METHODS: Five beagle dogs were divided into thrombus group (n=3) and control group (n=2). The beagle dogs in the thrombus group were subjected to digital subtraction angiography of the aortic arch, bilateral common carotid arteries and vertebral arteries in addition to femoral arterial catheterization. The 2.7F micro-catheter was inserted into the convergence zone of the left posterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery through the vertebrobasilar artery. An autologous blood clot was injected into the convergence zone. The dogs in the control group were injected with appropriate amount of contrast medium. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Through angiography of the left and right common carotid artery of five dogs, thick external carotid arteries (10/10) and their branches were clearly displayed, however, only five (5/10) internal carotid arteries were dimly present. A spiral vascular loop formed in the internal carotid artery with a small-sized diameter. Through antiography of the left and right vertebral arteries (10/10) angiography, vertebral basilar artery, the circle of “Willis”, bilateral posterior cerebral arteries, bilateral middle cerebral arteries and bilateral anterior cerebral arteries were clearly displayed, all these contribute to insertion of microcatheter into the convergence zone of the left posterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery through the vertebrobasilar artery. High signal intensity of the left temporal lobe was shown on 3-hour and 6-hour diffusion weighted images.The results demonstrate that the beagle dog models of acute cerebral infarction can be successfully established by injecting autologous blood clots into the left middle cerebral artery through a microcathter inserted via the vertebrobasilar artery, which provides a new method of precisely occluding the middle cerebral artery of beagle dogs by catheterization. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of rat models of acute high altitude stress-induced gastrointestinal injury Yang Zhi-hua, Wang Kun, Ha Xiao-qin, Zhang Ping 2015, 19 (40):  6475-6479.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.015 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (4605KB) ( 273 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, there are few reports about construction of the model of acute high altitude stress-induced gastrointestinal injury. Construction of a stable high altitude stress-induced gastrointestinal injury model has become a premise of the current studies on acute stress-induced gastrointestinal injury and related diseases. OBJECTIVE: To establish rat models of acute high altitude stress-induced gastrointestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (lower limit of high altitude) , sham (high altitude) and ischemia/reperfusion (high altitude) groups (n=8 rats/group). Rats from all groups underwent a rush for high altitude region. The root of the superior mesenteric artery of rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group was clamped by a vascular clip to completely block blood flow for 60 minutes, and then intestinal blood flow was recovered for reperfusion for 60 minutes. The rats in the sham group were only  subjected to separation of superior mesenteric artery without occlusion. The rats in the normal control group received no treatment. After reperfusion for 60 minutes, serum levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were detected by chemiluminescence assay and histopathological analysis was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A rush for high altitude region combined with gastrointestinal ischemia/reperfusion damages rat liver, kidney and heart function to different degrees, leading to intestinal mucosal bleeding, glands rupture or even dissolution, and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells in the mucous layer and lamina propria layer. These results suggest that the method of preparing rat models of acute high altitude stress-induced gastrointestinal injury by clamping the root of the superior mesenteric artery is simple to operate. The constructed rat models have a relatively stable disease condition and are suitable for investigating the strategies for preventing and treating acute high altitude stress-induced gastrointestinal injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin on newborn rat models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage   Lin Liang-feng 2015, 19 (40):  6480-6484.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.016 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (5032KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that astaxanthin has a good neuroprotective effect; however, the treatment effects of astaxanthin on newborns with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To build newborn rat models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, and investigate the neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin and the ways of action. METHODS: Thirty newborn Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days out of 98 were randomly taken as sham-operated group. The rest of rats were subjected to ligature of the left carotid artery for 2 hours and then placed in the hypoxic box containing 92% special standard gas and 8% oxygen to establish the models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. The rats in the sham-operated group only underwent separation of the carotid arteries, without hypoxic-ischemic treatment. Rat models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage were randomly divided into hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and astaxanthin-treated groups, with 30 rats in each group. The rats in the astaxanthin-treated group were intraperitionally injected with 80 mg/kg astaxanthin after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. RESULTS AND CONLUSION: Compared with the sham-operated group, the expression levels of p-Akt, p-GSK3β and cleaved-caspase-3 protein in the parietal cortex of ischemic damage area of rats were significantly increased, whereas Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased in the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group, astaxanthin treatment significantly reduced the expression level of apoptosis-related protein cleaved-caspase 3 protein (P < 0.05), significantly increased the expression level of Bcl-2 protein (P < 0.05), and significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the hypoxic-ischemic brain area(P < 0.05). These findings suggest that astaxanthin can distinctly improve the prognosis and ways of action of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats which associates with up-regulation of Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen on pain threshold and Fos protein expression and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of neuropathic pain rats Huang Yi-fei, Hu Wei, Li Lei, Liu Yan-lu 2015, 19 (40):  6485-6491.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.017 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (5754KB) ( 239 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen is composed of volatile oil, resin and gum that have the anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antispasmodic and analgesic effects. But its analgesic mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen on heat pain, mechanical pain, Fos protein expression and astrocyte activation in spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. METHODS: Eighty adult Sprague-Dawley rat models of chronic sciatic nerve injury were randomly divided into five groups and then intragastically administered Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen at low, moderate and high doses (0.075, 0.15, 0.30 g/kg), celecoxib or physiological saline. Heat pain and mechanical pain were measured at 1 day before operation and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after operation. The spinal cord tissue at S4-5 segments was harvested and Fos protein expression and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of rats were observed by immunohistochemical staining method.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 1 and 5 days of medication, behavioral pain scores of rats in the low-, moderate-, and high-dose Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen groups were significantly higher than that in the physiological saline group (P < 0.01). The largest reduction in heat pain threshold was measured in the moderate-dose Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen group compared to the other groups (P < 0.01). The most significant reduction in rat mechanical pain threshold was measured in the high-dose Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen group than in the other groups (P < 0.01). At each time point post-operation, the number of Fos protein-positive cells in the low-, moderate- and high-dose Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen and celecoxib groups was significantly lower than that in the physiological saline group (P < 0.05); the number of Fos protein-positive cells in the moderate- and high-dose Ferula sinkiangensis K.M Shen groups was significantly higher than that in the celecoxib group (P < 0.05). At each time point post-operation, the number of astrocytes in the spinal cord tissue of rats in the high-dose Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen and celecoxib groups was significantly lower than that in the physiological saline group (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the number of astrocytes between the moderate- and high-dose Ferula sinkiangensis K.M shen groups and celecoxib group (P < 0.05). These results confirm that Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen may effectively alleviate the neuropathic pain of rats, and the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of Fos protein and astrocytes in the spinal cord.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction and evaluation of acute hind limb ischemia model in rats Bai Chao, Yang Kun, Wang Yang, Li Xin-xi, Tian Ye, Luo Jun 2015, 19 (40):  6492-6497.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.018 Abstract ( 452 )   PDF (1269KB) ( 317 )   Save BACKGROUND: The limb ischemia model in rats has been widely applied in China to study the pathological process and treatment method of limb ischemia, but there are some controversies on the model construction and evaluation, so a reliable, convenient and economical disease model is needed for the related research. OBJECTIVE: To compare limb ischemia degree, duration and changing rule of acute hind limb ischemia models prepared by different ways in Sprague-Dawley rats, and find a method to prepare models that have moderate and stable limb ischemia and maintain a longer time. METHODS: 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 18 rats in each group. Group A: sham operation group, abdominal aorta below renal artery and iliolumbar artery, right superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, saphenous artery were separated. Group B: the right superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, saphenous artery were cut off, and the right femoral artery was resected to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. Group C: abdominal aorta and bilateral abdominal perineal artery were ligated to establish acute hind limb  ischemic model. Group D: abdominal aorta, iliolumbar artery and lumbar artery were ligated to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Right hind limb muscle strengths of rats in groups B, C, D were weaker than that in group A at weeks 2, 4, 6 after operation; muscle strengths in group D was weaker than that in groups B, C at week 4 after operation; muscle strengths in groups B, D was still weaker than that in group C at week 6 after operation. The partial venous oxygen pressure of right hind limbs in groups B, C, D was lower than that in group A at weeks 2, 4, 6 after operation; the partial venous oxygen pressure in group D was lower than that in groups B and C at weeks 2, 4 after operation; and group D was still lower than group C at week 6 after operation. At weeks 2, 4 after operation, some muscle cells in the right hind limb muscle tissue were disrupted, fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia and capillary hyperplasia were detected, inflammatory cells infiltrated in the groups B, C, D. These pathological findings were more apparent in group D. Fiber connective tissue hyperplasia was attenuated, capillary hyperplasia, expansion and congestion were found in each group at week 6 postoperatively. The method of ligating abdominal aorta, iliolumbar artery and lumbar artery below renal artery for hind limb ischemia model can obtain moderate and stable ischemia conditions, maintain a long time, and is convenient to prepare. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The regulating effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor on neural synaptic plasticity in a rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia  Wang Lu, Huo Shuai, Wang Ya-fei, Zhao Lin, Liu Bo-feng, Ruan Cai-lian, Hui Xue-feng 2015, 19 (40):  6498-6503.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.019 Abstract ( 373 )   PDF (899KB) ( 334 )   Save BACKGROUND: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is an ionic glutamate receptor which is closely related with the neural synaptic plasticity, and also can regulate neural synaptic plasticity. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism by which N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B regulate neural synaptic plasticity after cerebral ischemia. METHODS: 60 Wister rats were randomly and evenly divided into a sham-operated group and a cerebral ischemia group. Rat models of chronic cerebral ischemia were established using the modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion method in the cerebral ischemia group, while rats in the sham-operated group did not undergo occlusion of the common carotid artery and vagus nerve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 0-12 hours after chronic cerebral ischemia, NR2A expression in the rat hippocampus was gradually decreased, while the expression of NR2B reached its peak level at 4 hours after cerebral ischemia. Under the circumstance of cerebral ischemia, neither low frequency nor high frequency induced long-term potentiation. These findings suggest that NR2B exhibit inhibitory effect, while NR2A exhibit promoting effect on long-term potentiation induced by stimulation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of rat models of recurrent aphthous ulcer and the intervention of baicalin Qin Yun 2015, 19 (40):  6504-6508.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.020 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (902KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling is the common pathway of a variety of pathological and physiological processes, and is invovled in the pathogenesis of a variety of oral diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of extracellular matrix remodeling following cellular apoptosis in recurrent aphthous ulcer and the therapeutic effect of baicalin, so as to provide references for new drug development and clinical treatment. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, recurrent aphthous ulcer model, low-dose baicalin and high-dose baicalin groups. Rat models were established using oral mucosal homogenate plus Freund’s immunoadjuvants in the recurrent aphthous ulcer model, low-dose baicalin, and high-dose baicalin groups. Rats in low-dose baicalin and high-dose baicalin groups were intragastrically administered 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of baicalin respectively for 14 days, once per day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, serum superoxide dismutase level was distinctly decreased, however, malondialdehyde level distinctly increased; the expression levels of Bax, Caspase3 and matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 were increased, but the expression of Bcl2 was decreased in the recurrent aphthous ulcer model group. The abovementioned indicators of rats returned greatly towards normal levels in the low dose baicalin and high dose baicalin groups, and there was significant difference in the effects of different doses of baicalin on these indicators. These results suggest that baicalin treats recurrent aphthous ulcer mainly through inhibiting extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of nandrolone phenylpropionate on androgen receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation of target genes in rat scald models Li Kai, Cen Ying 2015, 19 (40):  6509-6514.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.021 Abstract ( 450 )   PDF (1166KB) ( 302 )   Save BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe burn and trauma, treatment of which has been paid equal attention to wound surface, is always a difficulty of clinical systemic treatment and has a poor prognosis. Anabolic hormones have acquired secure and good results in the treatment of burns in both animals and clinical patients. Although use of anabolic hormones is restricted by the doping management, but its androgen receptor and nuclear receptor coregulators are the newly emerging areas of interests in the field of gene regulation mechanism in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nandrolone phenylpropionate on androgen receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation of target gene in rat scald models. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into nandrolone phenylpropionate, model and control groups. In the nandrolone phenylpropionate and model groups, rats were subjected to a 20% total body surface area second-degree scald injury by hot water. Two days after model preparation, rats in these two groups were intramuscularly injected with nandrolone phenylpropionate and saline, once every other day, for a total of 21 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gene expression levels of steroid receptor coactivator-1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 in the rat livers and gonads (testes, ovaries) were significantly different between the nandrolone phenylpropionate and model groups (P < 0.05), except steroid receptor coactivator-1 in the liver. There were no significant differences in steroid receptor coactivator-1, c-myc and insulin-like growth factor 1 in the rat livers and gonads (testes, ovaries) between model and control groups (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that nandrolone phenylpropionate has different effects on the gene expression of steroid receptor coactivator-1, c-myc and insulin-like growth factor 1 in different tissues under different physiological and pathological conditions.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of mouse models of experimental allergic rhinitis and the correlation with Th1/Th2 imbalance Li Lin-ge, Feng Juan, Hu Bin, Shou Xi, Zhang Chun, Zhang Yu, Zhang Hua 2015, 19 (40):  6515-6519.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.022 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (929KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: Atopic individuals predispose to allergic rhinitis after contacting with an allergen, which is mainly released by IgE-mediated histamine. Allergic rhinitis is a kind of non-infectious inflammatory disease that involves a variety of immune cells and cytokines and is related to Th1 and Th2 immune imbalance. Interferon γ is a cytokine secreted by Th1 cells, while interleukin-4 is a cytokine secreted by Th2 cells. OBJECTIVE: To establish a stable 129Sv mouse model of allergic rhinitis, so as to lay the foundation of establishing gene knockout 129Sv mouse models of allergic rhinitis, and to observe the concentration variation of IgE, interleukin-4 and interferon γ. METHODS: Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: model and control groups. Mice in the model group were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin to establish mouse models of allergic rhinitis. Mice in the control group were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of PBS. After successful modeling, pathological changes of nasal eosinophils and plasmocyte infiltration were evaluated by nasal mucosa staining. Interleukin 4 and interferon γ levels and ovalbumin-specific IgE antibody concentration were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that compared with the control group, serum ovalbumin-IgE and interleukin-4 concentrations were significantly increased, and  Interferon γ concentration was significantly lower in the model group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that cilia lodging and submucosal serous gland hyperplasia, eosinophils and plasmocyte infiltration were obvious. These results confirm that a mouse model of allergic rhinitis was successfully constructed in this study and the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis was related to Th1/Th2 imbalance. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

An experimental model of chronic renal allograft rejection in SD-Wistar rats Yu Peng-cheng, Liu Yong-guang, Guo Ying, Li Min, Xiao Zong-yu, Hu Kong-he, Huang Jin-jun, Xin Jun, Wu Zhi-qiang, Zhao Ming 2015, 19 (40):  6520-6525.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.023 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (1055KB) ( 557 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fisher-Lewis rat kidney transplant models are the international common chronic renal allograft rejection models, but their application is greatly limited because of difficulty in model preparation and high costs. OBJECTIVE: To explore a new method of establishing SD-Wistar rat models of chronic renal allograft rejection. METHODS: Fifty-six pairs of SD-Wistar rats were subjected to left kidney orthotopic transplantation. The right kidneys of the recipients were intact and used as internal controls. 23 rat recipients were randomly divided into model group (n=15) and control group (n=8). The rats in the model group were injected with cyclosporine microemulsion for 10 days (2 mg/kg/day,i.p.) after kidney transplantation. The rats in the control group were not treated with immunosuppressive therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The irreversible acute rejection occurred in all the transplanted kidneys of rats in the control group within 4 weeks, leading to the necrosis of transplanted kidney. Moderate inflammatory cell infiltration appeared in the transplanted kidneys of rats in the model group at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Typical histopathological changes of chronic rejection were observed within 12 weeks after transplantation. The Banff total scores were increased with time after transplantation. All these histopathological changes were not observed in the intact right kidneys of rat recipients in both groups. The valley value of cyclosporine concentration in the transplanted rats in the model group was (153.2±17.1) μg/L at 4 days after transplantation. These results demonstrate that after a short course treatment of cyclosporine microemulsion (2 mg/kg/day for 10 days, i.p.) in SD-Wistar rat recipients, moderate inflammatory cell infiltration was followed by development of chronic rejection within 12 weeks, and such animal models can be used for studying chronic renal allograft rejection. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Techniques and improvements of establishing orthotopic liver transplantation rat models Bai Jian-hua, Chen Gang, Zhu Xin-feng, Wang Fan, Zhao Ying-peng, Liu Qi-yu, Li Li 2015, 19 (40):  6526-6530.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.024 Abstract ( 467 )   PDF (1807KB) ( 368 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, liver transplantation is the only way to cure end-stage liver disease, but the complications after transplantation is still an important factor of affecting the long-term survival of patients who received orthotopic liver transplantation, therefore it is necessary to establish a stable animal transplantation model. OBJECTIVE: To establish rat models of orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: After inhalation anesthesia with ether, 204 SD rats were perfused with 2-4 ℃ Ringer’s solution through the abdominal aorta. In order to reduce warm ischemia of the liver, the liver was not turned over before perfusion. The suprahepatic inferior vena cava was cut off along the phrenic ring after perfusion. No further trimming was needed when dressing, so as not to damage the vena cava. The donor liver was removed and preserved in 4℃Ringer’s liquid. The receptor liver was cut off and allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation was performed using modified two-cuff method. After transplantation, rats could automatically turn over and drink water. Surviving more than 3 days is regarded as a successful transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 102 liver transplantations were performed in 204 rats, with 86 rats surviving more than 3 days. The success rate of transplantation was 84%. The results demonstrate that rat models of orthotropic liver transplantation can be constructed successfully through improving techniques. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Security assessment of surface pulsed electrical stimulation in big animals 2015, 19 (40):  6531-6535.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.025 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (850KB) ( 282 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, electrical stimulation technology has become a hot topic, but its effect on body’s electrical activity remains unclear. Moreover, previous studies on this aspect mainly focused on small-sized animals. OBJECTIVE: Under the premise without prejudice to cardiac electrical activity, to find the maximum pulse voltage and frequency of electrostimulation that is taken on the liver area of pigs. METHODS: Three healthy male Rong-Chang pigs were obtained. Pulse electrical stimulator electrodes were fixed on right lobe of the surface projection of corresponding liver area. Fixed electrical stimulation parameters were set, including pulse width 10 ms, square wave, stimulation time 1 hour. They received voltage tolerance experiment between 5 V and 100 V and a frequency tolerance experiment between 1 Hz and 5 Hz. A detail record of pigs’ electrocardiogram, discomfort reaction and changes in life behavior of the pigs were obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During voltage tolerance experiment, high- and low-voltage electrical stimulation pulse was positively associated with heart rate increment. When the voltage was greater than 35 V, mild arrhythmia such as sinus arrhythmia and ventricular premature beats appeared, without malignant arrhythmia or death. When the voltage was greater than 60 V, qRs formation induced by electrical stimulation wave occurred. In frequency tolerance experiment, when frequency was greater than 2 Hz, arrhythmia appeared, no malignant arrhythmia was found. Pulsed electrical stimulation can induce the formation of qRs wave. Above findings suggest that the appropriate frequency and voltage of pulse electrical stimulation are 2 Hz and 35 V. At > 35 V voltage or > 2 Hz frequency, pulsed electrical stimulation on the liver area can cause arrhythmia, mostly benign arrhythmia.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Rabbit models of optic nerve injury established by the clamping method: an analysis of stress relaxation of injured optical nerve after treatment with Chinese medicine Fuming granules Yuan Yi, Chang Xiao-yu, Li Xin-ying 2015, 19 (40):  6536-6541.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.026 Abstract ( 468 )   PDF (1065KB) ( 330 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that Chinese medicine Fuming granules have certain curative effects on optic nerve injury, but a large number of experimental studies are still needed to verify. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of Chinese medicine Fuming granules on optic nerve injury by the method of stress relaxation experiments. METHODS: The animal models of optic nerve injury were established by the clamping method. Rats were intervened with Fuming granules by intragastric administration. Model group and normal control group were set for comparison. After 30 days of successive administration, optic nerve injury received stress relaxation experiments in each group, and histomorphology was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the normal control group, the optic nerve nuclei distributed uniformly without edema, augmentation or inflammatory cells, and the axon and other contents had a clear structure. In the model group, the optic nerve fiber arranged sparsely, presented unclear structure, and axon, karyorrhexis and the other contents changed. In the Fuming granule group, the transect of optic nerve which arranged densely had large area, and most of the axon had a normal structure. The decreases in stress at 7 200 s and stress relaxation were as follows: normal control group > fuming granule group > model group (P < 0.05). Results confirmed that Chinese medicine Fuming granule accelerates the recovery of axoplasm of injured optic nerve, restores the morphology of axons, and contributes to the recovery of injured optic nerve. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of obese mouse models with high fat diet feeding: relationship between nutritional factor and metabolic syndrome  Dong Ming, Liu Dong, Liang Yun-hai, Wen Zi-jun, Ma Xiao-yu 2015, 19 (40):  6542-6546.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.027 Abstract ( 579 )   PDF (835KB) ( 317 )   Save BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome greatly harms the human body, and is affected by many factors. Through constructing diet-induced animal models, we can better analyze the relationship between nutritional factor and metabolic syndrome, and provide reliable references for the clinical treatment of this disorder. OBJECTIVE: To construct obese mouse models with high-fat diet feeding and discuss the relationship between nutritional factor and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Thirty mice were selected and randomly divided into model group (n=20) and control group (n=10), and were fed with high-fat and normal animal feeds for 10 consecutive weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, after 1 week of feeding with high-fat animal feeds, body weight of mice in the model group raised, and differences gradually increased with the feeding time increased. After 8 weeks of feeding, body mass index of mice in the model group significantly raised (P < 0.05). After 4 weeks of feeding, fasting venous blood glucose level of mice in the model group significantly raised, and showed a gradual rise trend with feeding time. After 5 weeks of feeding, fasting insulin level of mice in the model group also began to rise. The oral glucose tolerance test showed that mice in the model group showed a gradual downward trend of glucose tolerance with feeding time. After 8 weeks of feeding, serum levels of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the model group significantly raised (P < 0.05). After 10 weeks of feeding, serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the model group raised (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that obese mouse models were successfully constructed with high-fat diet feeding, which can simulate the natural progression of metabolic syndrome in human, moreover, the nutritional factor is closely related to metabolic syndrome. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Three-dimensional models of organs based on image data Zhang Hai-feng, Shi Guan-zhong, Zhu Hong-zhi, Song Cui-rong, Zhao Chang-yi, Ren Guo-shan 2015, 19 (40):  6547-6552.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.028 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (1285KB) ( 345 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently, studies on three-dimensional reconstruction and biomechanics became more and more. Three-dimensional models of organs were established by modeling software based on image data using computer. Mechanical analysis was conducted using finite element analysis software. After literature retrieval, we found that the principle of three-dimensional reconstruction of human organs is not clear, and the process description is relatively simple. Some is not accorded with the fact. Above studies cannot guide related research. OBJECTIVE: To explore the principle, process, results and further application of three-dimensional reconstruction models of organs, and to provide evidence for future studies. METHODS: We retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure for representative literatures about three-dimensional reconstruction of human organs using the computer, and analyzed the principle, process, results and further application of three-dimensional reconstruction models of organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In combination with established three-dimensional bone models, we explained the principle, process, and application of three-dimensional reconstruction in detail, and laid the theoretical foundation for subsequent biomechanical research. With continuous development of tissue engineering technology, scholars have begun to study the pathogenesis of bone injury from various angles and different aspects so as to better prevent and treat this disease. The related research is still in its primary stage, and still needs further investigations.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The systematic evaluation of establishing spinal cord transection model in rats Jin Xin, Zhou Bin-bin, Li Bo-lin,Yang Cheng-cheng, Zhang Hong-sheng 2015, 19 (40):  6553-6560.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.029 Abstract ( 459 )   PDF (1262KB) ( 479 )   Save BACKGROUND: Establishing a highly successful, safe, reliable standard spinal cord transection model is the precondition of studying spinal cord injury repair. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of preparing spinal cord transection model in rats and the effects of laminectomy on spinal cord. METHODS: We searched the randomized controlled trials involving rat models of spinal cord transection in the databases of PubMed, CNKI, VIP and WanFang. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria (two in English, 9 in Chinese), and a total of 394 rats were included in the study. There were significant differences in the lower limb motor function scores (BBB scores) within 1-6 weeks after injury (WMD=-12.86, 95%CI -16.10 to -9.62, P < 0.01) and electrophysiological indices within 4 weeks after injury (WMD=15.36, 95%CI 11.36 to 19.36, P < 0.01) between spinal cord hemisection group and laminectomy group. The BBB scores after 6 weeks were not significantly different between these two groups (WMD=-10.28; 95%CI -24.20 to 3.64; P=0.15). There were significant differences in the lower limb motor function scores (BBB scores) within 1-6 weeks after injury (WMD= -18.83, 95% CI -20.64 to -17.01, P < 0.01) and electrophysiological indices within 4 weeks after injury (WMD= -11.21, 95%CI -16.35 to -6.08, P < 0.01) between spinal cord transection group and laminectomy group. No significant differences were found in BBB scores (WMD= -0.00, 95%CI -0.01 to 0.01, P=1) and electrophysiological indices (WMD=0.43, 95%CI -0.35 to 1.21, P=0.28) within 4 weeks after injury between laminectomy group and normal group. There was no significant difference in the number of deaths between spinal cord hemisection group and laminectomy group (RD=0.05, 95%CI -0.03 to 0.13; P=0.26). Experimental findings indicate that spinal cord transection is a method of inducing spinal cord injury with good stability, strong replication and high survival rate. But transection accuracy, postoperative care and designation of control group remain open to question.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics