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21 May 2015, Volume 19 Issue 21 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Diffusion conditions of bone cement in vertebral fracture line influence the therapeutic effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty  Wang Zhen-bin, Tu Lai-yong, Kahar Aikenmu, Chu Ge, Gu Wen-fei, Zhao Jiang 2015, 19 (21):  3281-3286.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.001 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (990KB) ( 320 )   Save BACKGROUND: Diffusion conditions of bone cement in vertebral fracture line may be one of the main factors affecting the therapeutic effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty, but there are less related studies. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of diffusion conditions of bone cement in vertebral fracture line on the therapeutic outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty. METHODS: CR and MRI data of 77 patients with T1-L2 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, 28 males and 49 females, aged 55-86 years, undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty were analyzed. All the patients were divided into test group (n=53, bone cement diffused well in the vertebral fracture line) and control group (n=24, bone cement dispersion was unsatisfactory). Visual analogue scale, Oswestry disability index and Cobb angle change in the two groups were measured and compared before and after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the visual analogue scale score, Oswestry disability index and Cobb angle between the two groups before operation, but these parameters were all improved significantly in the two groups after 2 days and 6 months of operation (P < 0.05). The visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index were significantly lower in the test group than the control group at 2 days after operation (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups at 6 months after operation. The Cobb angle and vertebral collapse rate became lower in the test group than the control group at 6 months after  operation (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in the re-fracture rate between the two groups. These findings indicate that poor bone cement dispersion in the fracture line can affect the relief of short-term pain and dysfunction and it can increase the possibility of long-term secondary vertebral collapse. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone cement dispersion within the fracture line influences the therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty on thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures  Chen Tong-lin, Yong Yi-min, Peng Yin-ping, Xie Hong-feng, Jia Wei-dou 2015, 19 (21):  3287-3291.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.002 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 278 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone cement solidification can improve the stability, strength and mechanical support of fractured vertebrae. However, there are few studies on the effect of bone cement dispersion within the fracture line on percutaneous vertebroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of bone cement dispersion within the fracture line of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures on percutaneous vertebroplasty. METHODS: Totally 90 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were enrolled, 53-80 years old, including 42 males and 48 females. All these patients underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement injection, and divided into two groups according to bone cement dispersion conditions: study group with good bone cement dispersion (n=60) and control group with poor bone cement dispersion (n=30). Visual analogue scale scores, Oswestry dysfunction index, Cobb’s angle and adverse reactions were recorded  before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no differences in the visual analogue scale score and Oswestry dysfunction index between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The visual analogue scale scores were significantly lower in the study group than the control group at 3 days after treatment and at the last follow-up (P < 0.05); the Oswestry dysfunction index and Cobb’s angle were also lower in the study group than the control group at 3 days after treatment  (P < 0.05). However, no difference was found in the Oswestry dysfunction index, Cobb’s angle and bone cement leakage between the two groups at the last follow-up. These findings indicate that the percutaneous vertebroplasty show better effects on pain relief in patients with good bone cement dispersion that those with poor bone cement dispersion, and the vertebral stability is better as well as the short-term effect is more obvious. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone cement injection as vertebral augmentation therapy for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures  Chen Jun-ping, Qi Xin-wen, Li Song-jun, Kuang Li-peng, Yuan Xiao-hong, Wang Guo-shou, Tan Wei-yuan 2015, 19 (21):  3292-3296.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.003 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (956KB) ( 335 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vertebroplasty with bone cement injection can achieve a correction of kyphosis, enhancement of vertebral strength, and elimination of vertebral lesions during reduction of the fracture. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of vertebroplasty with bone cement injection on osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. METHODS: Totally 84 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures (T6-L4),       37 males and 47 females, aged 58-80 years, were randomized into two groups: study group undergoing vertebroplasty with bone cement injection and control group subject to bed rest and conservative treatment (functional exercise of the back muscle). Visual analog scale score, Oswestry disability index and vertebral height were detected and compared between the two groups before and after treatment.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no difference in vertebral height, visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index between the two groups before treatment. At 3 months after treatment, the vertebral height was (1.653±0.168) cm in the study group and (1.521±0.200) cm in the control group, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The visual analog scale scores and Oswestry disability index scores in the study group were both lower than those in the control group at 3 months after treatment and at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). After treatment, there were two cases of pressure sores, three cases of deep venous thrombosis, one case of pneumonia and two cases of urinary tract infections in the control group; while only 4 cases developed bone cement leakage in the study group, but with no obvious clinical symptoms. No difference in re-fracture rate occurred between the control group (n=3) and study group (n=4; P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the bone  cement injection as vertebral augmentation therapy can rapidly relieve pain, improve patients’ quality of life within a short term and restore the vertebral height in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Natural oyster shell nanocomposite material for bone defects  Yang Bao-kai, Zhang Xu-bin 2015, 19 (21):  3297-3301.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.004 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (777KB) ( 313 )   Save BACKGROUND: Oyster shells and other shells of marine organisms can transfer into mineral salts, which is closer to the actual situation of human being. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of natural oyster shell nanocomposite material for bone defect repair. METHODS: Thirty adult big-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups after establishment of bilateral radial bone defect models: experimental group and control group were given implantation of natural oyster shell nanocomposite material and injectable calcium sulfate bone graft, respectively. X-ray examination was done at weeks 2, 8, 12 after implantation to understand the osseointegration of bone grafts. Bilateral radial bone specimens were taken at 12 weeks to detect bending strength using biomechanical testing system and quantitatively analyze the osteogenesis using a color image analyzer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 2 weeks after implantation, the bone mineral density of bone grafts was lower in the two groups than the normal value, there was a clear boundary between the defect and graft, and no bone repair was found. At 8 weeks after implantation, the bone grafts were covered with thick soft tissues in the two groups, and the vascular component was reduced dramatically in the experimental group. At 12 weeks after implantation, the bone grafts were closely connected to the adjacent tissues in the two groups, with no boundary; the radius surface in the experimental group recovered to the normal level, and exhibited no difference from the normal tissues in aspects of morphology, texture and structure, but in the control group, there was still a clear projected boundary. The bending strength and osteogenic amount of the radius were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the natural oyster shell nanocomposite material for bone defect repair can have a good blending strength of the radius that can promote  new bone formation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Collagen sponge as an artificial dura mater combined with ozone to repair brain injury Qu Hong, Zhao Ming-guang, Liang Ying, Zhao Li-ping, Li Xiao-hong, Wang Ying 2015, 19 (21):  3302-3308.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.005 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (676KB) ( 503 )   Save BACKGROUND: The integrity of the dura mater is very important for prognosis of patients with brain injury prognosis. Artificial dura mater is a commonly repair material, and to look for an ideal artificial dura mater is the exploration direction in the neurosurgery field. OBJECTIVE: To observe and analyze the clinical data of brain injury patients undergoing repair of collagen sponge as dura mater substitute material with ozone therapy, and to explore and evaluate its clinical value. METHODS: Follow-up results of therapeutic efficacy and complications in 60 cases of brain injury following repair with collagen sponge artificial dura mater and ozone treatment were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two patients died of postoperative diffuse brain swelling, one died of brain injury with multiple organ failures, and two cases of extensive brain injury accompanied by cerebral herniation were in vegetative state. The rest 55 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. After surgery, two patients appeared to have postoperative subcutaneous fluid and their conditions improved following puncture aspiration and pressure dressing with elastic bandage; another patient showed a small amount of subdural effusion, but did not undergo special treatment, and dynamic head CT showed the effusion was gradually reduced. Cranial CT examination showed no abnormalities associated with the artificial dura mater. At 3-6 months after surgery, the artificial dura mater was fused well with the normal dura mater in 28 cases undergoing skull patching, and there was no adhesion and inflammatory reaction. Taken together, the collagen sponge artificial dura mater with ozone can give full play to the decompression treatment of traumatic brain injury, which can maintain the brain function, shorter operative time, result in fewer complications, and have good compatibility, and moreover, the artificial dura mater can be fused well with the normal dura to protect the brain cortex, thereby providing favorable conditions for the latter skull repair. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two kinds of synthesized bone morphogenetic protein active polypeptides: evaluation of osteoinductive activity Wang Shuo, Gan Shao-lei, Xie Hui-min, Ren Wei-wei, Li Nan, Song Guang-ze, Wei Xing 2015, 19 (21):  3309-3316.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.006 Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (4960KB) ( 261 )   Save BACKGROUND: According to the core functional zone of amino acid sequence of the osteoinduction in bone morphogenetic proteins, our research group synthesized bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) active polypeptides I and II by artificial solid-state synthesis method. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the osteoinductive ability of BMP active polypeptides I and II in animals. METHODS: Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups, and respectively implanted with hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid carrying 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/L BMP active polypeptides I, hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid carrying 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/L BMP active polypeptides II, and hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid alone. At 3 and 5 weeks postoperatively, X-ray, CT and histological detection were conducted to evaluate osteoinductive conditions in the seven groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 and 5 weeks postoperatively, there were better local osteoinductive effects in the groups hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid carrying BMP active polypeptides I and II than the group of hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid, indicating both two kinds of BMP active polypeptides possessed a certain  osteoinductive ability. Moreover, this osteoinductive ability became stronger with time. At 5 weeks postoperatively, the osteoinductive effect in the 0.4 and 0.8 g/L BMP active polypeptides I groups was better than that in the 0.2 g/L BMP active polypeptides I group and the 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 BMP active polypeptides II groups (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no difference in the osteoinductive effect of 0.4 and 0.8 g/L BMP active polypeptides I groups. These results indicate that BMP active polypeptides I has a stronger osteoinductive ability than BMP active polypeptides II. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different organic solvents on slow-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 microcapsules  Li Xia-lin, Yi Wei-hong, Jin An-min, Min Shao-xiong 2015, 19 (21):  3317-3322.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.007 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (6984KB) ( 352 )   Save BACKGROUND: In literatures, the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) loaded microcapsules can be fabricated by double emulsion solvent evaporation method with different organic solvents, such as methylene chloride, ethyl acetate or their mixture. But so far it is not determined yet which one is better. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation method of microcapsules encapsulating rhBMP-2 and to compare the effects of different organic solvents on the microcapsules. METHODS: Polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid copolymer as microcapsules was used to prepare rhBMP-2 loaded microcapsules with double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Four kinds of organic solvents, methylene chloride (group A), mixture of methylene chloride and ethyl acetate (group B), ethyl acetate (group C) and acetyl acetone (group D) were chosen as oil phases to compare their effects on microcapsule’s morphology, diameter, and encapsulation efficiency. Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats were  co-cultured with prepared microcapsules for 14 days, and then alkaline phosphatase activity was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the other organic solvents, dichloromethane could cause microcapsules with the smaller and more uniform shape (4-10 microns) and the highest encapsulation efficiency; the microcapsules prepared by mixture of methylene chloride and ethyl acetate had relatively wide size distribution and moderate encapsulation efficiency; the microcapsules prepared by acetylacetone were difficult to form and keep the bioactivity of rhBMP-2. After cultured with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for 14 days, the alkaline phosphatase activity in groups A, B and C was significantly higher than that in group D and there was no significant difference between group A and group B; the alkaline phosphatase activity in groups A and B was significantly higher than that in group C (P < 0.05). The results show the rhBMP-2-loaded microcapsules prepared by methylene chloride as organic solvent have good shape, high encapsulation efficiency, and good biological activity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation, performance and characterization of bioactive bone materials with plasticity  Lu Ming, Zhang Xue-song, Chang Li, Cui Xin-ai, Liu Chao, Li Ci-hui, Li Xiang-jie 2015, 19 (21):  3323-3328.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.008 Abstract ( 529 )   PDF (4242KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: Foreign injectable sulphate calcium has good biocompatibility, injectability and in situimmobilization, moulding based on adaptation to the shape of bone defects, but the price is expensive. OBJECTIVE: To explore the optimal fabricating parameters of bone repair materials with α-calciumsulfate hemihydrates as the main component, and to study the performance and characterization METHODS: α-Calciumsulfate hemihydrates powder was mixed with sodium hyaluronate at liquid-solid-ratios of 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 mL/g using vapor-heat method to prepare injectable bone materials. Performance, setting time and compressive strength of the injectable bone was detected. The best liquid-solid-ratio was 0.3 mL/g. α-Calcium sulfate hemihydrates powder was mixed with calcium sulfate dihydrate powder (1%, 2%, 3% mass fractionas) to fabricate injectable bone materials. Performance, setting time and compressive strength of the injectable bone was also detected; meanwhile, the biosafety of the injectable bone was determined. The  injectable bone material that was made at the liquid-solid-ratio of 0.3 mL/g and by 2% calcium sulfate dihydrate was implanted into Ba-ma swine models of thoracic bone defects. At the time points of 8, 16 and 24 weeks after implantation, histological observation was done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The injectable bone material was made at the liquid-solid-ratio of 0.3 mL/g and by 2% calcium sulfate dihydrate. The initial and final setting time was 4.0-5.0 minutes and 8.0-9.0 minutes, respectively. The compressive strength of the injectable bone reached (8.93±0.23) MPa. These findings indicate that the injectable boen material has good performance, initial setting time and compressive strength meeting the requirements of clinical application and good biosafety. Animal experiments show that the injectable bone can provide space for new bone in creeping substitution way by auto-degradation, with osteogenic activity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pulmonary perfusion for preparation of the acellular matrix Gong Zheng 2015, 19 (21):  3329-3333.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.009 Abstract ( 569 )   PDF (3498KB) ( 325 )   Save    BACKGROUND: The extracellular matrix with removal of cells and soluble proteins can maintain the normal shape of organs and matrix components. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the acellular matrix of lung tissue using perfusion method. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: under routine anesthesia, the chest was open to obtain complete lung tissue for construction of rat lung acellular matrix scaffold using Langendorff perfusion model in experimental group, and there was no treatment in control group. Lung tissue color and shape were observed and recorded dynamically. A small tissue from different sites of the lung was taken from each group and observed histologically under electron microscope. The elastic fibers and connective tissues were highlighted by a Weigert or von Gieson staining, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was also employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After perfusion with 1% sodium deoxycholate, the lung tissue of the experimental group gradually appeared with a piecewise and lobulated translucent appearance in white color from the inside to the outside, and the lung structure was clear. Eventually, the lung tissue became uniform white translucent. The Weigert-Von Gieson staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that there were a large amount of cells in fresh lung tissue sections of the control group, including capillaries, fibroblasts and endothelial cells; the cells were arranged neatly, and had complete alveolar structure; the elastic fiber structure was clear, and the collagen fiber was arranged neatly and compactly. In the experimental group, the lung cells nearly disappeared, and the alveolar structure was still intact but in a loose state; the elastic fibers were preserved well and the collagen fibers were loosely arranged. These findings indicate that the perfusion method can be used to effectively construct the lung matrix scaffold in rats. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chitosan microspheres loading whole cell protein antigen of Helicobacter pylori: preparation and in vitro release characteristics Li Juan, Zhao Qing-xi 2015, 19 (21):  3334-3338.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.010 Abstract ( 410 )   PDF (577KB) ( 304 )   Save        BACKGROUND: Studies on encapsulated whole cell protein antigen of Helicobacter pylori are still at the exploration stage. There is limited literature concerning the preparation process and in vitro release characteristics of chitosan microspheres encapsulated with whole cell protein antigen of Helicobacter pylori. OBJECTIVE: To explore the preparation process and in vitro release characteristics of chitosan microspheres encapsulating whole cell protein antigen of Helicobacter pylori. METHODS: Precipitation method was used to prepare chitosan microspheres, and the best preparation process, matching and encapsulation time were screened. Under electron microscope, the morphology and particle size of microspheres were observed. Chitosan microspheres were used to encapsulate Helicobacter pylori whole cell protein antigen, and BCA method was used to determine encapsulation efficiency, encapsulation content and release efficiency in vitro of Helicobacter pylori whole cell protein antigen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Final concentration of 1% glacial acetic acid, sodium sulfate as crosslinking agent, pH=5.0, with no pulverization when the crosslinking agent was added was the best preparation process for chitosan microspheres. Electron microscopy showed the smooth surface morphology of microspheres with roundness and good dispersion, and the majority of the microspheres were 1-5 μm in diameter. The encapsulation efficiency of Helicobacter pylori whole cell protein antigen microspheres was 80.4%, the encapsulated amount was 16.4%, and total 48-hour release rate was 19.4%. Helicobacter pylori whole cell protein antigen microspheres showed an overall slow release status. Chitosan microspheres show good encapsulation efficiency and amount of Helicobacter pylori whole cell protein antigen, and Helicobacter pylori total bacteria protein antigen microspheres show an overall slow release status. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Buprenorphine transdermal patches as preemptive analgesia  Ren Xiao-feng, Ren Na-na, Zhang Ai-wen, Ha Cheng-zhi, Zheng Song-hao, Liu Ning, Xu Jian 2015, 19 (21):  3339-3343.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.011 Abstract ( 722 )   PDF (981KB) ( 430 )   Save BACKGROUND: Buprenorphine transdermal patches have the characteristics of stable blood concentration, long duration of analgesia, respiratory depression and less side effects, which have been widely used in the treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical outcome of preoperative analgesia by buprenorphine transdermal patches for pain management after posterior lumbar surgery. METHODS: Eighty patients scheduled for posterior lumbar decompression and interbody fusion under general anesthesia were enrolled, 45 males and 35 females, aged 42-71 years, who were randomly divided into two groups, 40 cases in each group: experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, buprenorphine transdermal patches were given 2 days prior to the internal fixation, and intravenous injection of parecoxib was given for postoperative pain management. In the control group, placebo patches were given prior to the internal fixation, and self-control vein analgesia pump and intravenous injection of parecoxib were given for postoperative pain management. Visual analog scale scores were recorded at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours after surgery as well as doses of tramadol hydrochloride and pethidine hydrochloride used postoperatively and side effects. The patient’s satisfaction, drainage and blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level at 48 hours postoperatively were detected and recorded in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between these two groups in visual analog  scale scores, dosage of tramadol hydrochloride and pethidine hydrochloride used postoperatively, postoperative drainage amount, leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level (P > 0.05). Postoperative incidence of nausea, vomiting and delirium was lower in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05), but the patient’s satisfaction in the experimental group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that buprenorphine transdermal patches have better preemptive analgesia for posterior lumbar surgery, with less adverse effects and better patient’s satisfaction. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Long-term efficacy and safety of fentanyl transdermal system   Lin Jing, Cao Wei-hua, Li Rui-na, Li Wen-yuan, Huang Mu-chun 2015, 19 (21):  3344-3349.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.012 Abstract ( 1169 )   PDF (935KB) ( 362 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fentanyl transdermal system has analgesic effect similar to oral sustained-release morphine and has been widely used in advanced cancer pain management in several years. However, recent literatures about some serious adverse events associated with fentanyl transdermal system have been published, and the long-term safety of fentanyl transdermal system treatment is still challenged. OBJECTIVE: To observe the long-term clinical efficacy and safety of fentanyl transdermal system for pain management in patients with advanced cancer. METHODS: A total of 309 patients with advanced cancer pain were enrolled, including 166 females and 143 males. The age ranged from 26-72 years old. Patients received oral sustained-release morphine for 2 weeks, and then were subject to fentanyl transdermal system for pain management at the 3rd week until the 12th week. A prospective study with self-contrast method was conducted to compare the analgesic effects of these two drugs,  as well as patient’s acceptability, adverse events and toxicity in the administration course. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stable pain relief was harvested throughout the oral administration of both sustained-release morphine and fentanyl transdermal system therapy. During the use of oral sustained-release morphine, adverse reactions appearing in sequence were constipation, nausea, fatigue and anorexia. After converting to fentanyl transdermal system, the symptoms of constipation (χ2=5.22, P=0.02) and nausea (χ2=4.38, P=0.04) significantly reduced, and vomiting was abated but showed no significant difference (χ2=2.7, P=0.10). 2.3% of patients had skin reactions to the patches, and regressed after replacing the patch area. Skin reactions were alleviated at 2-10 weeks after oral administration of fentanyl transdermal system. Some uncommon adverse events including headache, diarrhea, dyspnoea, excessive sweating or other symptoms often occurred at the time of the initial dosage increase. Preference or strong preference for fentanyl transdermal system in comparison to previous oral sustained-release morphine was reported by 91% of patients. These results demonstrate that fentanyl transdermal patches can provide stable pain relief for advanced cancer patients with good acceptability, and mitigate the incidence of adverse events due to oral drugs. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of medical glue for open wound of the frontal plane in children  Li Xian-ling, Lu Shou-yan, Liu Ting-ting 2015, 19 (21):  3350-3354.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.013 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (792KB) ( 379 )   Save BACKGROUND: Medical glue as a biological hemostatic material shows a good diffusivity in body fluids and blood, and has a rapid polymerization reaction, which plays an ideal hemostatic effect and promotes wound healing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of medical glue as a hemostatic material in the open wound of the frontal plane in children. METHODS: Totally 1 218 children with open wounds of the frontal plane treated with medical glue were enrolled as observation group, and another 600 children with open wounds of the frontal plane treated with silk sutures as control group. Wound healing time, postoperative wound bleeding, suture reaction, pigmentation and scar hyperplasia were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the operative time, blood loss and wound healing time were all less in the observation group (P < 0.05), and the effective bleeding rate was higher in the observation group (P < 0.05). Stage I wound healing occurred in 1 215 cases of the observation group, and 586 cases of the control group. At the end of 12-month follow-up, healed scar formed with no knot scar and needle scar, the skin color was similar and cosmetic results were good in the observation group; in the control group, there were more obvious scars, visible knot and needle scars, and erythema, induration and hypertrophic scars were found around the most wounds. The medical glue for open wounds of the frontal plane in children has good biocompatibility and cosmetic results, which is safe and convenient in clinical use. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Poly(butylene succinate)/polypropylenecarbonate biofilms: preparation and performanc Ma Yao, Chu Shun-li, Sun Yue, Ma Shan-shan, Li Xue, Zhang Tian-shou, Zhou Yan-min 2015, 19 (21):  3355-3360.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.014 Abstract ( 419 )   PDF (1058KB) ( 404 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and polypropylenecarbonate (PPC) are new medical materials developed in recent years, characterized as good biocompatibility, biodegradability and the low price. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the PBS/PPC biofilm by electrostatic spinning method and evaluate its physical and chemical properties, degradation performance and effect on cell proliferation in vitro. METHODS: The PBS/PPC biofilm was prepared using electrostatic spinning method: 0.9 g PBS and 0.9 g PPC were dissolved in 10 mL of trichloromethane at room temperature and stirred magnetically until they were fully  dissolved. Then, the spinning solution was added into a spinning tube with a distance of about 15 cm and at a voltage of 18 kV. The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The intensity, contact angle and water absorption, pH value and weight loss in the process of in vitro degradation were measured. MG63 cells were co-cultured with the biofilm for 7 days and cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The PBS/PPC biofilm showed a porous structure with interconnected pores. The fiber diameter was about 0.88 μm, the average aperture was about 5.68 μm, the porosity was 78.3%, the fracture intensity was 2.31 MPa, the elongation rate at break was 23.48%, the average value of contact angle was 87°, and the water absorption rate was 68.54%. During the biofilm degradation, the pH value decreased gradually andreduced to 6.76 at 12 weeks; meanwhile, the biofilm degraded equally and gradually, and the weight loss rate was 6.04% at the end of the 12th week. The results of cell counting kit-8 showed that the PBS/PPC biofilm could promote cell proliferation. Overall, the PBS/PPC biofilm has good physical and chemical properties, good space-making feature, wettability and degradability, which can provide sufficient time for bone tissue regeneration. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of a collagen-heparan sulfate scaffold in the porcine brain  Cao Xiong-bin, Dai Jun, Gong Li, Li Xin, Kuang Liang-hong, Liu Ya-fang, Sun Yuan-ping, Shi Yun-qiong1 2015, 19 (21):  3361-3365.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.015 Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (980KB) ( 297 )   Save BACKGROUND: The internal structures of the collagen-heparan sulfate scaffold and human nerve are very similar. OBJECTIVE: To explore the in vivo biocompatibility of collagen-heparin sulfate scaffold. METHODS: Forty pigs were randomly divided into two groups, 20 in each group: observation group and control group. Medullo-puncture needle was inserted 1.0 cm adjacent to the midline of anterior fontanelle into the subarachnoid space, and then removed gradually. Collagen-heparin sulfate scaffold was implanted into the observation group, and no treatment was given in the control group. Brain tissues were observed under transmission electron microscope, and cell apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression were detected at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under the electron microscope, there were some damaged neurons in the observation group with the emergence of demyelination changes in the myelinated nerve fibers; positive  expression of Caspase-3 protein was found at the junction between the brain tissue and scaffold as well as within the scaffold, but no positive expression was found in the surrounding tissue. There was no cell apoptosis within 30 days after surgery except for individual apoptotic neurons both in the observation group and control group. The number of apoptotic cells in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at days 1, 3, 7, 14 days after surgery (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups at 30 days after surgery (P > 0.05). Caspase-3 protein expression was at a low state in the two groups, but the protein expression of Caspase-3 was higher in the observation group than the control group at days 3 and 7 after surgery (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the collagen heparin sulfate scaffold has good biocompatibility in the porcine brain. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Silver sulfadiazine water gel dressings for treating small skin defects combined with wound infection: an evaluation of biocompatibility  Ou Hui 2015, 19 (21):  3366-3370.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.016 Abstract ( 1548 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 397 )   Save BACKGROUND: Silver sulfadiazine water gel dressings are a combination of two antibacterial drugs, which can play a local broad-spectrum, potent, long-lasting antibacterial effect to effectively control and prevent wound infection. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of silver sulfadiazine water gel dressings on skin defects with wound infection and to explore its biocompatibility. METHODS: Thirty patients with skin defects combined with wound infection were randomized into observation and control groups. Following conventional debridement and dressing, the observation group was subject to wound rinse with normal saline, silver sulfadiazine water gel dressings and gauze bandage; in the control group, Vaseline gauze was used followed by gauze bandage. Visual analog scale scores, dressing adhesion to wound, wound healing rate, and healing time were observed in the two groups at 0, 1, 2 weeks after dressing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The visual analog scale scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks after dressing (P < 0.01), and the wound healing rate was also higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05); wound adhesions were milder in the observation group than the control group when dressing; the healing time was significantly shorter in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the silver sulfadiazine water gel dressing has good effects on the treatment of skin defects with wound infection, which can reduce pain, effectively control wound infections and promote wound healing. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and performance detection of carbon fiber-polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol composite scaffold  Zhou Chang-yan, Zhou Qing-huan, Bian Jing, Chen Ke, Chen Wen 2015, 19 (21):  3371-3376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.017 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (943KB) ( 321 )   Save BACKGROUND: The mechanical performance and cytocompatibility of polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) scaffold is poor via long-term experiments; therefore, other materials are added to the scaffold in order to improve its biological activity and mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preparation process of carbon fiber (CF)-PLA-PEG scaffold, and to test its performance. METHODS: Modified CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds were prepared using solution injection-particle leaching method. Ultra-structure, porosity, water-absorbing quality, degradation rate and mechanical properties of CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds and PLA-PEG scaffolds were compared. Rat osteoblasts were co-cultured with these two kinds of scaffolds in vitro, and the cell adhesion rate was detected by precipitation method after 12 hours. Cell counting was detected using MTT method to determine the cell proliferation at culture days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The surface structure of PLA-PEG distributed uniformly, and the aperture was  (404.0±10.5) µm. The carbon fiber surface of modified CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds had a lot of longitudinal grooves, the surface structure also distributed uniformly, and the aperture was (433.0±3.0) µm. Difference in scaffold aperture was of significance between the two groups (P < 0.05). The porosity, water-absorbing quality, elasticity modulus, compressive strength, degradation rate, cell adhesion rate and cell growth rate of CF-PLA-PEG were better than those of PLA-PEG (P < 0.05). These results show that the CF-PLA-PEG scaffolds have good mechanical property and cell compatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thoracolumbar spinal reconstruction with titanium mesh implantation combined with internal fixation after tumor resection: stability and biocompatibility  Wang Fan-dong, Zhang Zhi, Zheng Jia-zhuang, Chen Yu, Cai Qi-lin 2015, 19 (21):  3377-3381.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.018 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (896KB) ( 254 )   Save BACKGROUND: Clinical resection of thoracolumbar spinal tumor has a great impact on the spinal stability. Positive internal fixation is required clinically in order to maintain the spinal stability. The use of titanium mesh implantation can provide a firm internal fixation following resection of tumors. OBJECTIVE: To explore the spinal stability undergoing titanium mesh implantation with internal fixation following thoracolumbar tumor resection. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with thoracolumbar tumor admitted at the Central Hospital of Suining City from September 2013 to September 2014 were randomly selected and given tumor resection followed by titanium mesh implantation with internal fixation. After treatment, patients were followed up for 1-12 months to observe and analyze the neural functional recovery and spinal stability of the patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the 24 patients successfully completed the operation treatment, and there was no case of death at the end of follow-up. During the follow-up, patient’s clinical symptoms and neural function were significantly relieved, and Frankel classification was significantly improved after treatment. Regular X-ray examination showed that there was no change in the position of titanium mesh and anterior internal fixation system. There was also no titanium mesh collapse, internal fixation fracture and loosening, and the spinal stability was still excellent. These findings indicate that patients were not changed, and did not appear because the amount of loose, good spinal stability. Resection of thoracolumbar tumors showed that the thoracolumbar spinal reconstruction with titanium mesh implantation combined with internal fixation following tumor resection can obtain good clinical effect and excellent biocompatiblity.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Acupuncture following degradable cerebrovascular stent implantation: rehabilitation efficacy and stent biocompatibility  Li Xiao-hong, Yu He-ping, Cao Wan-qun 2015, 19 (21):  3382-3386.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.019 Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (1000KB) ( 275 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intracranial and extracranial arterial stent implantation is the main therapy for cerebrovascular diseases, especially for some patients who cannot tolerate surgical operation, but the postoperative rehabilitation and biocompatibility problems restrict the further development of the technology. OBJECTIVE: To explore the rehabilitation efficacy and biocompatibility of acupuncture after degradable cerebrovascular stent implantation. METHODS: A total of 70 patients with cerebral arterial stenosis aged 43-79 years were enrolled, including 41 males and 29 females, who were all treated with drug-eluting stent implantation, carotid artery stent implantation in 31 cases, vertebral artery stent implantation in 21 cases, subclavian stent implantation in 5 cases, and middle cerebral artery stent implantation in 13 cases. After stent implantation, all the patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group with routine rehabilitation therapy and acupuncture group with routine rehabilitation therapy+electroacupuncture. After 3 months of treamtnet, neurologic impairment scores, Fugl-Meyer score for motor function, Barthel index, degree of stent stenosis, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, thromboxane A2/ prostacyclin levels were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 months after treatment, the neurological impairment scores were significantly lower in the acupuncture group than the control group (P < 0.05), but the Fugl-Meyer score for motor function andBarthel index were higher in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the thromboxane A2 and thromboxane A2/prostacyclin levels were significantly decreased in the two groups (P < 0.05), but the  prostacyclin levels were increased than those before treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, there were no differences in the thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, thromboxane A2/prostacyclin levels between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the rate of restenosis was significantly lower in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05), and there were no significant difference in the reference vessel diameter, blood vessel stent diameter, decreased vessel diameter index, re-intervention rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Taken together, acupuncture can promote the rehabilitation efficacy following degradable cerebrovascular stent implantation, reduce the incidence of restenosis, and show good biocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sustained-released anti-tuberculosis drugs: a choice of carrier materials  Fei Zheng-qi, Hu Yun-yu 2015, 19 (21):  3387-3391.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.020 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (981KB) ( 275 )   Save BACKGROUND: Local administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs is a commonly used therapy. Due to the rapid absorption, the drugs cannot have the durable therapy effect; therefore, it is necessary to seek an optimal carrier material for the agents. OBJECTIVE: To review the new development for the carrier materials of anti-tuberculosis drugs. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and VIP databases was performed by the first author to search articles related to sustained-released anti-tuberculosis drugs published from January 1990 to December 2014. The key words were “osteoarticular tuberculosis; anti-tuberculosis; sustained-released drugs” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Inorganic materials (calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate), polymer materials (polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polylactic-co-glycolic acid) and biomaterials (protein, glutin, alginates, chitin, demineralized bone matrix) are the main three kinds of carrier materials for anti-tuberculosis drugs. These carrier materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, which cannot be the optimal carrier materials. However, the complex of these materials is a promising technology for the optimal carrier materials in the future. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of temporary crown and cement materials: physical properties and biological safety Nie Er-min, Jiang Rui, Zhang Chun-yuan, Zeng Jin-di, Tan Ji-zhou 2015, 19 (21):  3392-3397.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.021 Abstract ( 467 )   PDF (821KB) ( 935 )   Save BACKGROUND: Temporary crown has been used widely in clinic. The physical properties and biological safety of temporary crown and cement materials are more superior along with the development of material science. OBJECTIVE: To summarize clinical application, physical properties and biological safety of the temporary crown and cement materials. METHODS: PubMed database was searched by the key words of “temporary crown, provisional crown, temporary restoration, provisional restoration, interim restoration” in English to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2004 to December 2014. Literatures addressing the temporary crown and cement materials were included, and the repetitive researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Through the clinical evaluation and experimental study, the physical properties (polymerization shrinkage, polymerization heat production, polymerization monomer release) and biological safety (cytotoxicity, irritation to the soft tissue) of the temporary crown and cement materials are the key problems needed to overcome. With the appearance of new materials and new fabrication methods, the temporary crown and adhesive materials have great application prospect and higher clinical value, but in the exploration process of the laboratory research and clinical application, there are many problems to be solved. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Acellular spinal cord scaffold: preparation and biological characteristics Li Yi-peng, Chen Xu-yi, Zhu Xiang, Lu Lei, Tu Yue 2015, 19 (21):  3398-3402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.022 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (936KB) ( 297 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acellular spinal cord matrix material for framework of spinal cord scaffold has been shown to restore the neurologic function of the damaged spinal cord completely or partially. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the preparation and biological characteristics of acellular matrix scaffold for the spinal cord and to do an overview of its application and progress in spinal cord tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed was performed for articles related to acellular spinal cord scaffolds published from January 2005 to October 2014. The keywords were “acellular spinal cord; scaffold; spinal cord injury; tissue engineering” in Chinese and English, appearing in the title and abstract. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The acellular spinal cord scaffold has low antigenicity, excellent biocompatibility and three-dimensional scaffold structure similar to the spinal cord, but it also possesses poor mechanical properties and structural instability. The scaffold modified by genipin and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agents can be significantly improved in the biological performance. Currently, there are some explorations on the application of acellular spinal cord scaffold in nerve repair and regeneration, which lays a foundation for spinal cord tissue engineering. As its lots of advantages, the acellular spinal cord matrix material is expected to be an ideal material for spinal cord tissue engineering.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research status of hyaluronan composite materials  Ding Jin-ju, Sun Wei-qing 2015, 19 (21):  3403-3408.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.023 Abstract ( 495 )   PDF (866KB) ( 576 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hyaluronan with special linear macromolecular structure and rheologic property has good biocompatibility and becomes a signal matter of the cell surface, which possesses a promising application potential in tissue-engineering field. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in medical hyaluronan composites. METHODS: Related literatures concerning preparation, safety evaluation and clinical trials of hyaluronan composites were extensively reviewed and comprehensively analyzed in the three following aspects: cartilage scaffold, cornea scaffold and submucous bulking agent. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The hyaluronan composite has a potential use in cartilage scaffold and cornea scaffold as its suitable porosity and pore size, biomimetic three-dimensional microstructure, excellent physical and chemical property and biological property. The hyaluronan composite as a bulking agent has been applied clinically, and results from some clinical trials have shown that the composite used as bulking agent has the problems about low efficacy and complications, which need to do further improvement. More researches are needed in product design, evaluation of performance and safety for expending and optimizing the clinical applications of the hyaluronan composite. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The radiation dose and protection during percutaneous vertebral augmentation Wei Chao, Han Dun-fu, Li Tao 2015, 19 (21):  3409-3413.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.024 Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (861KB) ( 246 )   Save BACKGROUND: A large number of literatures have shown that surgeons expose to a higher radiation dose during puncture and bone cement injection in percutaneous vertebral augmentation. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in radiation doses and safeguard procedures in percutaneous vertebral augmentation.  METHODS: By using “percutaneous vertebral augmentation, radiation doses, radiation protective” as key words, we retrieved articles related to radiological protection during percutaneous vertebral augmentation published from January 1995 to December 2014 in Wangfang database and PubMed database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One basic principle of radiation protection is that the radiation dose decreases rapidly with distance from the radioactive sources. Surgeons should maximize the distance from the radioactive sources as far as possible in case there is no effect on the operation. To optimize the setting and position of C-arm machine, wear protective devices and put lead shields as well as computer navigation and radiation training in surgeons all can help to reduce the radiation doses during percutaneous vertebral augmentation. Remote bone cement injection device is easy to control but not increases the radiation doses. In addition, the influence of surgery bed on radiation dose remains to be further studied. We believe that with the in-depth research on radiological protection, vertebral augmentation technique will be safer in clinical application. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stainless steel T-shaped locking plate for repair of proximal clavicle fractures and sternoclavicular joint dislocation  Sun Bao-zhu1, Zhang Zhen-hua2, He Gang2 2015, 19 (21):  3414-3418.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.025 Abstract ( 522 )   PDF (823KB) ( 283 )   Save BACKGROUND: Internal fixation methods for traditional proximal clavicle fractures and sternoclavicular joint dislocation include Kirschner wire, Kirschner wire with tension band, clavicular hook plate and ordinary T-shaped plate fixation. However, all of these are easy to fall off, damage nerves and blood vessels and affect the fine motion of the sternoclavicular joint. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of internal fixation with T-shaped stainless steel locking plate on proximal clavicular fractures and sternoclavicular joint dislocation as well as to observe the biocompatibility of materials with the host. METHODS: Twelve patients with proximal clavicular fractures and sternoclavicular joint dislocation were enrolled at Shanxian Central Hospital from March 2011 to January 2014, including seven cases of proximal clavicular fractures and five cases of sternoclavicular joint dislocation. All of patients were subject to open reduction and internal fixation with T-shaped locking plate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the 12 patients were followed up for 3-14 months, with an average of 9 months. All incisions healed well, with no local eminence. No major substernal blood vessels and organ damage occurred. X-ray films showed that fractures healed without further dislocation and steel plate fracture. At the last follow-up, Rockwood scoring system showed that the excellent rate of shoulder function was 100%. These findings indicate that the internal fixation with stainless steel T-shaped locking plate is reliable and effective in the treatment of proximal clavicle fractures and sternoclavicular joint dislocation, with low risks and satisfactory outcomes, by which, patients can maximize the recovery of shoulder function. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application security of TiNi encircling compressive connector versus Kirschner wire in the internal fixation of multiple rib fractures  Wang Bin-qiang 2015, 19 (21):  3419-3423.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.026 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (972KB) ( 269 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional therapies for multiple rib fractures include extra-thoracic pressure dressing and rib fixation, but have no ideal outcomes because of a higher pain and complication incidence. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical efficacy of internal fixation of TiNi encircling compressive connector on multiple rib fractures and to analyzes its security. METHODS: Ninety patients with multiple rib fractures were selected to be studied, and they were divided into treatment group (45 patients were subject to internal fixation of TiNi encircling compressive connector) and control group (45 patients were subject to internal fixation with Kirschner wire. Surgical time, mechanical ventilation time, length of stay, duration of analgesic drug, and complication incidence were compared between two groups. Visual analog scale scores were measured before and after internal fixation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The visual analog scale scores were significantly decreased in the both two groups at 12, 24, 48 hours after internal fixation (P < 0.05), moreover, the treatment group had lower scores on the visual analog scale than the control group at 12, 24, 48 hours after internal fixation (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the surgical time, mechanical ventilation time, length of stay, duration of analgesic drug, and complication incidence were all lower in the treatment group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the internal  fixation of TiNi encircling compressive connector is effective in the treatment of multiple rib fractures, which is characterized as simple operation, small injury, high stability, low complication incidence and good histocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone, tissue and cell transplantation for fractures of the femoral neck and femoral shaft Jia Shi-shuang, Zhang Kun, Li Shuang 2015, 19 (21):  3424-3428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.027 Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (901KB) ( 245 )   Save BACKGROUND: Femoral neck fracture combined with femoral shaft fracture as a high-energy injury exhibits some difficulties in its clinical treatment because of bone chips and bone defects. Bone and cell transplantations have been used recently in order to effectively fill the bone defect area. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of bone transplantation versus cell transplantation for treatment of femoral neck fracture combined with femoral shaft fracture. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in patients with femoral neck fracture combined with femoral shaft fracture, who respectively underwent internal fixation with bone transplantation, tissue transplantation and cell transplantation. Perioperative indexes, incidence of complications and Harris scores were observed and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Femoral neck fractures are most commonly classified into Garden type, AO type and Pauwell type. Fracture classification aims to unify standards, which is easy to guide treatment and scientific research. (2) Internal fixation with bone transplantation and tissue transplantation is easy, safe and effective to promote fracture healing and improve hip function, which is an effective way to repair femoral neck fractures with femoral shaft fractures. (3) Compared with autogenous bone graft, allograft transplantation materials as finished products have a variety of sources, and have indications and efficacy similar to non-vascularized bone graft, which are suitable for clinical practice, but long-term effects need to be further  explored. (4) Internal fixation with cell transplantation is simple, reliable and effective for femoral neck fractures with femoral shaft fractures, which provides a new idea to reduce the early incidence of femoral head necrosis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polyester fabrics for repair of large chest wall defects after tumor resection in 46 cases Liu Yin-gang, Ma Xiao-bin, Hu Qiong, Yang Ya-feng 2015, 19 (21):  3429-3433.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.028 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (886KB) ( 240 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polyester fabric as a common clinical consumable item is characterized by simple drawing, low cost, and high toughness and ductility, and can serve as a good repair material. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of polyester fabrics used for huge chest wall repair. METHODS: Totally 46 patients with chest wall tumors, aged 39-73 years, including 29 males and 17 females. These patients were randomly and equally divided into observation group and control group. After the removal of chest wall tumors, patients in the observation group underwent polyester fabric repair of huge chest wall defects, and those in the control group were treated with autologous pedicle flap for repair of huge chest wall defects. The clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction were recorded in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, all the patients could feel up to their daily work, and there were no death and serious complications. Only two cases developed postoperative local effusion, and then recovered after wound drainage. Thoracic appearance was good in all patients, and the patients did not feel discomfort at the reconstruction site during breathing and movement. At the end of 6-24 months of follow-up, X-ray review showed good reconstruction of the thorax, and there were no loose transplants, foreign body rejection, chest wall deformity, recurrence and serious complications. Clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction were better in the  observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). These results show that polyester fabrics for the repair of huge chest wall defects are effectively, safe and reliable. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive procedures with biomaterial filling for secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity  Wan Cheng, Wang Xi-mei, Guo Li-li, Dong Hai-jiang, Li Xiang 2015, 19 (21):  3434-3439.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.029 Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (1048KB) ( 258 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the common filling materials used to correct secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity include conchae cartilage, costal cartilage, Medpor implants, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), allogenic acellular dermal matrix. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic effects of comprehensive procedures with allogenic acellular dermal matrix or ePTFE for secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity were enrolled, including 19 males and 17 females, aged 15-32 years. Allogenic acellular dermal matrix (n=22) or ePTFE (n=14) was used to correct nasal base collapse deformities. Anthropometry method was employed to make measurements. Fixed-point measurement was performed based on patient’s pictures before and after correction. Long-term effects of these two kinds of filling materials were analyzed and assessed objectively and quantitatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the follow-up of 6 months, all the patients were satisfied with their results, and no infection and no exposure occurred. The treatment effect of the allogenic acellular dermal matrix group was excellent in 16 cases and good in 6 cases; there were 10 cases of excellent and 4 cases of good in the ePTFE group. The objective indicators in the two groups were all improved at 6 months after correction (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that allogenic acellular dermal matrix or ePTFE is useful to correct secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of orthodontic tooth movement on alveolar bone morphology and bone mineral density  Zhang Guo-hua 2015, 19 (21):  3440-3444.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.21.030 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (871KB) ( 367 )   Save BACKGROUND: Some patients appear to have loose teeth and alveolar abnormalities during orthodontic treatment, and to some extent, the probability of periodontal disease has increased. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of orthodontic tooth movement on alveolar bone morphology and bone mineral density. METHODS: Sixty-two patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were enrolled, including 34 males and 28 female, aged from 16 to 30 years. After 6 months of orthodontic treatment, cone-beam CT scanning was used to detect the bone mineral density in anterior tooth, posterior tooth and incisor alveolar regions of the maxilla and mandible as well as the alveolar space between bilateral central incisors and lateral incisors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 6 months of orthodontic treatment, all the patients had strong teeth with no abnormal mobility. The gums were healthy and pink, and the texture was tough and inactive, with no bleeding during probing. There was no difference in the bone mineral density of maxillary alveolar bone with different  alveolar spaces before and 6 months after orthodontic treatment (P > 0.05). However, the bone mineral density in the same alveolar space was reduced significantly after 6 months of treatment (P < 0.05). The bone mineral density of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone was varied consistently. In addition, the bone mineral density of the maxillary alveolar bone was significantly higher than that of the mandibular alveolar bone both before and after orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that under orthodontic treatment, the bone mineral density of the maxillary alveolar bone may be higher than that of the mandibular alveolar bone, but there is no effect on orthodontic results as well as the morphology and health of alveolar bone. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics