Changes in glomerular filtration barrier in rat models of acute exhaustive exercise after intervention with sodium houttuyfonate

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.36.010

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In high-intensity exhaustive exercise process, the body must bear the exercise intensity decreasing splanchnic blood flow “ischemia”, at the same time, along with the movement of energy and material consumption, metabolite accumulation and oxidative stress in the body cause pathological damage, leading to a decline in exercise capacity. Thus, what is the impact on kidney filtration barrier? How to adapt to the change of renal tissue? Houttuynia cordata has the functions of heat clearing and detoxifying, dieresis for treating strangurtia, hemostatic, expelling phlegm to arrest coughing and analgesia, if it has a protective effect on the renal injury caused by acute exhaustive exercise and its mechanism has not been reported in the literature.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of acute exhaustive exercise on kidney filtration barrier in rats and the intervention effect of Houttuynia cordata.
METHODS: After resting and watching for 3 days, Sprague-Dawley rats received adaptive running for 15 minutes at a speed of 10 m/min on a 0° treadmill. A total of 24 rats, which can finish the running, were selected. They were divided into normal control group, exhaustive exercise group and dosed exhaustive exercise group according to the weight of layer (n=8). Rats in the exhaustive exercise group and dosed exhaustive exercise group on the 10° treadmill received once exhaustive exercise. Dosed exhaustive exercise group received intraperitoneal injection of sodium houttuyfonate 10 mL/kg at 30 minutes before exercises. The normal control group did not do any exercise.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal control group, serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine protein content, malondialdehyde concentration, renal cell apoptosis and apoptosis index were significantly increased, but nitric oxide content and nitric oxide synthase activity in the renal tissue were significantly deceased in the exhaustive exercise group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Glomerular filtration epithelial cells, the kidney filtration barrier of basement membrane and podocyte damage were obvious, showing abundant cell apoptosis, occasionally necrosis. Compared with the exhaustive exercise group, urine protein content, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde concentration, renal cell apoptosis and apoptosis index were significantly reduced, but nitric oxide content and nitric oxide synthase activity were significantly increased in the dosed exhaustive exercise group (P < 0.05). No obvious pathological changes were detected, but apoptosis was visible. These findings confirmed that houttuynine made a reduction in renal cell injury induced by exhaustive exercise and possibly significantly reduced apoptosis, increased nitric oxide synthase content, decreased malonaldehyde, and apparently increased superoxide dismutase activity, and finally protected injured renal tissue induced by exhaustive exercise.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: houttuynia, apoptosis, glomerular filtration rate, kidney diseases

CLC Number:

R318

Lin Xi-xiu, Qiu Ji-wang, Luo Zi-qiang, Qu Shu-lin, Zhao Yong-qiang. Changes in glomerular filtration barrier in rat models of acute exhaustive exercise after intervention with sodium houttuyfonate[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2014, 18(36): 5793-5798.

Figures/Tables 2

2.1 实验动物数量分析所有大鼠全部进入结果分析，实验过程无脱失。 2.2 鱼腥草素对急性力竭运动大鼠一般情况的影响力竭运动组和运动给药组大鼠均完成运动，运动给药组大鼠表现较正常；力竭运动组出现神态倦怠，眼神黯淡；力竭运动组和运动给药组的力竭时间分别为(180.50±41.52) min和(226.75±64.03) min，运动给药组力竭时间有延长的趋势，但力竭运动组和运动给药组大鼠的力竭时间的差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 2.3 鱼腥草素对急性力竭运动大鼠肾功能的影响与正常对照组相比，大鼠力竭运动后24 h，尿蛋白含量、血清尿素氮及肌酐水平均明显增加(P < 0.05或0.01)，而与力竭运动组相比，经鱼腥草素治疗的大鼠尿蛋白含量及血清肌酐降低(P < 0.05)，而血清尿素氮的变化差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；见表1。 2.4 鱼腥草素对急性力竭运动大鼠体质量、肾丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶的影响 3组大鼠体质量接近(P > 0.05)。与正常对照组相比，大鼠力竭运动后24 h丙二醛浓度上升 (P < 0.05)，超氧化物歧化酶活性下降(P < 0.05)；而与力竭运动组相比，经鱼腥草素治疗的大鼠丙二醛浓度降低 (P < 0.05)，而超氧化物歧化酶的变化差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；见表2。 2.5 鱼腥草素对急性力竭运动大鼠肾组织一氧化氮含量和一氧化氮合酶活性的影响与正常对照组相比，力竭运动后24 h大鼠肾组织中一氧化氮含量和一氧化氮合酶活性均明显降低(P < 0.05或0.01)；而与力竭运动组相比，经鱼腥草素治疗的大鼠肾组织中一氧化氮含量和一氧化氮合酶活性均明显上升(P < 0.05或0.01)；见表3。 2.6 鱼腥草素对急性力竭运动大鼠肾脏病理变化的影响苏木精-伊红染色显示：正常对照组肾小球及肾小管无明显异常，肾组织结构基本正常；力竭运动组大鼠肾皮质苍白，髓质淤血暗红，肾小球明显淤血、肿胀、红细胞渗出、肾小囊腔变窄，肾小管上皮细胞崩解、变性、脱落，管腔扩张，可见蛋白管型和红细胞管型，同时可见管壁剥离和断裂；运动给药组大鼠病理改变比力竭组轻，肾小球基底膜较完整，淤血明显减轻，肾小管上皮细胞变性轻，管腔扩张以及管腔中的脱落绒毛和上皮细胞少，偶见蛋白管型和细胞管型，罕见管壁剥离和断裂(图1)。电镜显示：正常对照组大鼠肾脏组织中内皮细胞分布清晰可见，基膜厚度及电子密度均匀，肾足细胞突起分布均匀，滤过膜结构完整；肾小管襄腔清晰可见，细胞核形态完整，细胞膜边界清晰，染色质均匀的分布；力竭运动组大鼠肾脏组织中可见肾小球内皮细胞的变化：内皮细胞肿胀、成对，胞质连拱状，内皮细胞与基膜剥离、融合等，其中肾小球内皮细胞变化最为突出；基膜结构的改变包括：基膜扭曲、塌陷、三层结构消失驼峰样等变化；肾小球足细胞的变化包括肾小球外周袢足细胞胞体脱落，可见足细胞足突融合、足细胞出现变异并有分布减少，滤过屏障结构破坏明显；肾小管襄腔结构模糊或肾小管襄腔明显增宽，形态不规则等改变；细胞核形态不完整，有细胞核呈分叶状的典型细胞凋亡样改变，染色质浓缩、不均匀分布、大量分布于核膜下等改变；致使滤过膜3层结构改变，模糊不清；运动给药组大鼠肾脏组织病理变化较力竭组肾细胞超微结构有明显改善，内皮细胞与肾足细胞突起分布较均匀，基膜厚度较均匀，边界清晰，但肾细胞核边界存在模糊现象，偶见有细胞核的分叶改变，可见线粒体脊较清晰，但有部分空泡化，微绒毛稀少或消失(图2)。 2.7 鱼腥草素对急性力竭运动大鼠肾细胞凋亡变化的影响 TUNEL染色显示，正常对照组大鼠肾脏组织未见细胞凋亡；力竭运动组大鼠肾脏组织出现大量凋亡细胞，细胞间隙大。与正常对照组相比，力竭运动组和运动给药组大鼠细胞凋亡发生率和凋亡指数均显著增加(P < 0.01)；与力竭运动组相比，运动给药组大鼠凋亡指数显著下降 (P < 0.05；图3，表4)。"

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