Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 935-941.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.4001

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Pathogenesis of hormonal osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the target effect of related signaling pathways

Li Shibin1, Lai Yu1, Zhou Yi1, Liao Jianzhao1, Zhang Xiaoyun1, Zhang Xuan2   

  1. 1Department of Traumatology Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2College of Orthopedic Injury, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2020-04-11 Revised:2020-04-15 Accepted:2020-05-13 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-04
  • Contact: Zhang Xuan, MD, Attending physician, College of Orthopedic Injury, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China Zhang Xiaoyun, Attending physician, Doctoral candidate, Department of Traumatology Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Li Shibin, Master candidate, Department of Traumatology Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760796 and 81960803; the Basic Research Ability of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, No. 2019KY0352; the Science and Research Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2019, No. 2019QN027; the First-Level Subject Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2019XK029; the Natural Science Foundation Project of Guangxi, No. 2019JJB140139; the PhD Research Startup Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2017, No. 2017BS038; the First-Level Subject Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2019XK027; the Chongzuo Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project of 2019, No. Chongke FC2019006

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The early stage of avascular necrosis of the femoral head is difficult to find, easy to be ignored and misdiagnosed. Due to the relatively poor medical conditions in some areas, the treatment is often delayed, resulting in a high rate of late disability.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the related literature in and outside China, and the research on the pathogenesis of hormonal osteonecrosis of the femoral head and related signal pathway so as to understand the pathogenesis.
METHODS: The databases of CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were retrieved in Chinese with the key words of “necrosis of femoral head, glucocorticoid, pathogenesis, apoptosis, signal pathway, lipid metabolism disorder, BMSCs, Wnt/β-catenin”. PubMed and MEDLINE databases were retrieved in English with the key words of “ANFH, glucocortioids, pathogenesis, cell apoptosis, signal path, lipid metabolism disorder, BMSCs, Wnt/β-catenin”. The articles regarding the pathogenesis of hormonal osteonecrosis of the femoral head were collected. Finally, 57 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The pathogenesis of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis is the result of a combination of multiple mechanisms and factors. Currently, the accepted theories mainly include intravascular coagulation, lipid metabolism disorder, osteoporosis and cell apoptosis. However, the pathological process has not yet been fully elucidated and further in-depth research is needed. (2) At present steroid-induced femoral head necrosis has not been completely cured because its pathogenesis has not been clearly identified. The reason for this difficulty may be that animal models in a large number of experiments at present cannot satisfactorily simulate the complex pathological changes and mechanisms of human femoral head necrosis. It is hoped that animal models of femoral head necrosis can be further improved in future experiments on steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. (3) On the basis of fully understanding the pathogenesis of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis, rational clinical use of glucocorticoids and preventive and intervention measures may be the key to prevent femoral head necrosis. In addition, speeding up the research on relevant signal pathways will help investigators find targets for the prevention and treatment of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis, and hopefully find more effective therapeutic schemes.

Key words: bone, osteonecrosis of femoral head, osteoporosis, glucocorticoid, apoptosis, signaling pathway, metabolism, review

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