Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (33): 5370-5371.doi: 10.12307/2023.741

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Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in intervertebral disc degeneration

Wu Hao1, Ye Dongping1, 2   

  1. 1Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; 2Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-10-10 Accepted:2022-12-09 Online:2023-11-28 Published:2023-03-30
  • Contact: Ye Dongping, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wu Hao, Master candidate, Physician, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project, No. 202102010111 (to YDP)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: After over ten years of development, single-cell RNA sequencing has mellowed and in the last three years has been progressively adopted in the study of intervertebral disc degeneration.  
OBJECTIVE: To overview the utilization and the progress of single-cell RNA technology within the field of intervertebral disc degeneration research during the last few years.
METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases with the key words “single cell RNA sequencing, intervertebral disc degeneration, nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus”. The literature was screened for relevance by reading and 58 articles were included in the final analysis.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As an emerging technology, single-cell RNA sequencing has been widely applied to the study of tumor heterogeneity, immune microenvironment, embryonic development, neuroscience, cell differentiation and many other fields. In recent years, an increasing number of scholars have applied single-cell RNA sequencing to research intervertebral disc degeneration. These studies have helped researchers to recognize the complex heterogeneity of the nucleus pulposus and fibrous rings: the newly discovered subpopulations of nucleus pulposus can be grouped into four groups: firstly, the nucleus pulposus cells that are more prevalent in normal nucleus pulposus tissue, often named “fibrous nucleus cells”, which can polydifferentiate to maintain fibrocartilage development; secondly, the “stable nucleus pulposus cells” that are more prevalent in mildly degenerated nucleus pulposus, which are responsible for regulating the homeostatic balance of chondrocyte metabolic activity in response to environmental signals and are highly expressed in collagen-related genes and extracellular matrix. Thirdly, the “inflammatory nucleus pulposus” is found only in degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue. In this subpopulation, the regulatory activity of NF-κB family transcription factors is enhanced. The fourth is the “adherent nucleus pulposus”, which is more abundant in severely degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue and has the FN1 marker gene. The discovery of these subpopulations adds to the understanding of the rich mechanisms of differentiation and degeneration within the tissue and the changes in intervertebral disc degeneration at the transcriptomic level. PROCR+PDGFRA+ nucleus pulposus cells, CD90+ nucleus pulposus cells and UTS2R+ nucleus pulposus cells have the strong growth and differentiation potential, and the discovery of these nucleus pulposus progenitor cells offers the possibility to explore therapeutic tools for intervertebral disc degeneration from regenerative medicine and tissue engineering perspectives in the future.

Key words: single-cell RNA sequencing, intervertebral disc degeneration, intervertebral disc, nucleus pulposus, progenitor cell, ferroptosis

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