Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (34): 5561-5569.doi: 10.12307/2023.717

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Signaling pathway of osteoblast autophagy in periprosthetic osteolysis

Gu Yingchu1, Gu Ye1, Wu Zerui1, Fang Tao1, Wang Qiufei1, Chen Bingqian1, Peng Yuqin1, Geng Dechun2, Xu Yaozeng2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Changshu First People’s Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2022-10-12 Accepted:2022-11-25 Online:2023-12-08 Published:2023-04-23
  • Contact: Gu Ye, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Changshu First People’s Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Gu Yingchu, Master, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Changshu First People’s Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Youth Medical Key Talent Funding Project of Jiangsu Province, No. QNRC2016751 (to GDC); Six-One Engineering Funded Project of Jiangsu Province, No. LQY2016033 (to GDC); Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department (Social Development) Project, No. BE2021673, BE2020666 (to GY); Science and Technology Development Program of Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau, No. SYSD2022023, SYSD2020013 (to GY); Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Key Diseases of Suzhou Municipal Health Commission, No. LCZX201824 (to GY); Science and Technology Development Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Changshu City of Jiangsu Province, No. CS202119 (to WQF), No. CS201817 (to GY); Horizontal Project of Soochow University, No. H200833 (to GY)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that autophagy, as a cell self-protection mechanism, plays an important role in regulating osteoblast function and maintaining osteoblast homeostasis. It has an important influence on the treatment and prognosis of periprosthetic osteolysis.
OBJECTIVE: To provide new therapeutic ideas and potential therapeutic targets for periprosthetic osteolysis by summarizing previous studies on the autophagy mechanism of osteoblasts.
METHODS: The first author used the computer to search the articles published from 2015 to 2022. In Chinese, the search terms “wear particles, periprosthetic osteolysis, osteoblasts, signal pathways, autophagy” were used to search the databases of CNKI, WanFang, and VIP. In English, the PubMed and Web of Science databases were retrieved with “wear debris, wear particles, peri*prosthetic osteolysis, PPOL, aseptic loosening, osteoblast, OB, signal path, autophagy”. A total of 98 articles were included according to the inclusion criteria.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In periprosthetic osteolysis, the changes in the autophagy ability of osteoblasts induced by wear particles play a key role in the development and outcome of the disease. (2) A variety of signaling pathways jointly mediate autophagy in osteoblasts, among which the key pathways include AMPK/ULK1/mTOR, nuclear factor-κB, Pink1/Parkin, etc. AMPK, mTOR, and ULK1 can regulate each other and jointly maintain the stability of the autophagy level. There is a complex crosstalk between the nuclear factor-κB pathway and autophagy. PINK1 and Parkin are accumulated on the surface of the damaged mitochondrial membrane, inducing autophagy. (3) There is crosstalk among multiple signaling pathways, which form a complex autophagy network under their mutual influence. Moreover, the activation of the same autophagy pathway in different cells may bring about completely opposite effects. (4) Moderate autophagy induced by wear particles can reduce the apoptosis of osteoblasts, enhance their differentiation and mineralization ability, and improve the prognosis of osteolysis around the prosthesis. On the contrary, insufficient or excessive activation of autophagy will cause damage to osteoblasts and promote the progress of osteolysis. Therefore, targeting the level of autophagy of osteoblasts induced by wear particles through drugs or genes may be one of the directions for the treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis. 

Key words: wear particle, periprosthetic osteolysis, osteoblast, autophagy, signaling pathway, review, AMPK, NF-κB, FoxO3, p62, Beclin-1, Sirt1, PP2Ac, PINK1/Parkin

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