Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (14): 2222-2228.doi: 10.12307/2023.430

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Role and application of melatonin in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

Yan Liyan, Han Xiaonan, Kou Hongwei, Shang Guowei, Leng Zikuan, Liu Hongjian, Cheng Tian   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2022-06-01 Accepted:2022-07-18 Online:2023-05-18 Published:2022-09-30
  • Contact: Cheng Tian, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Yan Liyan, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Henan Province Health Commission Joint Youth Project, No. SB201902001 (to CT); Henan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Affairs Independent Project for Overseas Students, No. 2020034 (to CT)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease and its incidence is increasing year by year, seriously harming the health of middle-aged and elderly. Melatonin is an endogenous hormone secreted by the body regulating circadian rhythms. In recent years, it has been found that melatonin can regulate the balance between bone resorption and bone formation, exerting a vital role in maintaining the stability of bone metabolism.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of melatonin in the treatment of osteoporosis and provide a novel foundation for the treatment of osteoporosis.
METHODS: “Osteoporosis, melatonin, ovariectomized, pinealectomy, osteoblast, osteoclast, stem cells” were used as the key words. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles addressing the treatment of osteoporosis with melatonin. Totally 696 articles were  initially obtained and 62 articles were finally included for review
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gene expression of melatonin varies in different age groups. Melatonin can maintain the self-renewal and differentiation abilities of mesenchymal stem cells as well as inhibit cell senescence through promoting the expression of Sirt1, PRC1/2 and cell cycle-related proteins. Melatonin can regulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, stimulate the differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts, and hinder the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes and osteoclasts. Melatonin can effectively alleviate the cytotoxic damage triggered by oxidative stress and inflammatory response, inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts, maintain the stability of mitochondria, and enhance the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Melatonin can block bone metabolism disorders resulted from RANKL and inducible nitric oxide synthase, lower the bone loss, increase the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, and exert a corresponding biological effect on the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Melatonin has generated a good therapeutic impact on osteoporosis whereas its target is too complex, involving anti-aging, stem cell differentiation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, which has not been completely explained and requires further research.

Key words: osteoporosis, melatonin, osteoblast, osteoclast, mesenchymal stem cell, aging, inflammation, oxidative stress response

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