Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (25): 4045-4052.doi: 10.12307/2021.018

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Fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells in bone microenvironment

Zhang Chunxi, Li Xiang, Zhou Yuxiang, Liu Zhen, Yang Yuquan, Jia Hao   

  1. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Received:2020-05-11 Revised:2020-05-27 Accepted:2020-07-06 Online:2021-09-08 Published:2021-03-30
  • Contact: Jia Hao, Associate researcher, Master’s supervisor, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
  • About author:Zhang Chunxi, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31970679 (to JH); the Shanghai Rising-Star Program, No. 19QA1405000 (to JH); the Shanghai High-Level Local University Innovation Team (to JH)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a group of multipotent stem cells in bone marrow, which are the common progenitor cells of osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Both genetic information and external stimulation contribute to the balance of the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Its differentiation disorder is related to a variety of pathological processes, such as osteoporosis, obesity and aging. According to a 2018 survey by the National Health Commission of China, osteoporosis has become an important health problem for middle-aged and elderly people in China, with the prevalence of osteoporosis 6.0% in men and 32.1% in women aged over 50 years, and 51.6% in women aged over 65 years.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the regulation of the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, to better understand the occurrence and development of osteoporosis and other diseases, so as to provide new ideas for their treatments. 
METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for the relevant articles from January 1997 to May 2020 with the search terms of “BMSCs, cell differentiation, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes” in English and Chinese, respectively. After preliminary screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the articles with high relevance were included for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Signaling pathways such as BMPs, Notch and WNT, transcription factors such as Runx2, C/EBP and PPARγ, non-coding RNA, hormones and mitochondria regulate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Any abnormality may lead to pathological conditions. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their combination with new materials may provide new treatment for osteoporosis and other diseases.

Key words: stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, differentiation, fate decision, signaling pathway, transcription factor, review

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