中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (26): 4903-4907.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.26.030

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

膝关节生理解剖环境对膝关节生物力学特性的影响

张美娟   

  1. 北京联合大学生物化学工程学院体育部，北京市 100023
  • 收稿日期:2012-04-01 修回日期:2012-04-01 出版日期:2012-06-24 发布日期:2013-11-02
  • 作者简介:张美娟★，女，1972年生，北京市人，2009年首都体育学院毕业，硕士，副教授，主要从事运动训练、保健康复及体育教学方面的研究。 zmj1972@yahoo.com.cn

Effect of knee physiological anatomy environment on knee biomechanical properties

Zhang Mei-juan   

  1. Department of Physical Education, Biochemical Engineering College of Union University, Beijing 100023, China
  • Received:2012-04-01 Revised:2012-04-01 Online:2012-06-24 Published:2013-11-02
  • About author:Zhang Mei-juan★, Master, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Biochemical Engineering College of Union University, Beijing 100023, China zmj1972@yahoo.com.cn

PDF

782

被引次数

52

摘要：

背景：了解膝关节的生物力学特点对理解人工膝关节假体的设计原理和手术操作原则是至关重要的。
目的：分析膝关节周围的力学环境及与膝关节生物力学的关系，进一步探索膝关节的稳定性及损伤机制。
方法：应用计算机检索CNKI和PubMed数据库中1998-01/2011-08关于膝关节生物力学方面的文章，在标题和摘要中以“膝关节，韧带，半月板，关节软骨，生物力学”或“knee joints，ligament，meniscus，cartilage，biomechanical”为检索词进行检索。选择文章内容与膝关节生物力学有关者，同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。初检得到163篇文献，根据纳入标准选择关于膝关节损伤生物力学特性方面的25篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论：膝关节的稳定除了依赖膝关节骨以外，还以依赖前后交叉韧带的制约、内外副韧带的平衡、以及伸膝装置与股四头肌及腘绳肌的力量均衡，尤其是内外侧副韧带的平衡和稳定作用。说明膝关节的解剖环境决定了膝关节在负荷、运动及稳定等生物力学特性上的复杂性，因此，了解膝关节生理结构和解剖特点有利于掌握膝关节的生物力学特点，因此此方面的研究对膝关节疼痛、损伤及组织工程研究至关重要。

关键词: 膝关节, 韧带, 半月板, 关节软骨, 生物力学

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The understanding of the knee biomechanical properties is critical to understand the design and operative principles of the knee prosthesis.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the relationship between peripheral mechanics environment and biomechanics of the knee joint, and to investigate the stability and injury mechanism of the knee joint.
METHODS: The CNKI database and PubMed database (1998-01/2011-08) were used to search the related articles about biomechanics of the knee joint. The keywords of “knee joints, ligament, meniscus, cartilage, biomechanical” in English and Chinese were put into the title and the abstract to search the articles. The articles that related to the biomechanics of the knee joint were selected, and for the articles in the same field, those published recently or in the authorized journals were selected. There were 163 articles after the initial survey. Then 25 articles related to biomechanics of the knee joint were selected to review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stability of the knee joint relies on the articular bone, and also depends on the constraints of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament, the balance of internal and external collateral ligament and extensor mechanism, as well as the power balance of quadriceps and hamstrings, especially depends on the balancing and stabilizing effect of the internal and external collateral ligament. It indicates that the anatomical environment of the knee joint determines the complexity of the knee joint in the biomechanical properties of loading, action and stability. Therefore, understanding the physiological structure and anatomical characteristics of the knee joint is of benefits to study the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint, and that is important to study the pain, injury and tissue engineering of the knee joint.

中图分类号: