关键词: 人工膝关节, 置换术, 假体设计, 假体, 数字化成型技术, 人工关节

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With the further studies of the materials and biomechanics of knee prosthesis, prosthesis design is constantly updated. How to improve the geometric accuracy of prosthesis and to reconstruct the biologically functional knee joint are the key issues in clinic.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical application of different knee prostheses, and to explore individualized program for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of knee joints, which provides a biomechanical foundation for design and replacement of artificial knee prosthesis.
METHODS: An online retrieval of CNKI and Wanfang databases was conducted by reviews for experimental researches, related reviews and clinical originals related to the preparation and design of knee prosthesis, artificial knee replacement and the application of digital modeling technology for knee prosthesis design. Old documents and information about the patients treated with conservative treatment were excluded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 27 documents were involved. The further understanding of biomechanics and anatomy of knee joint causes more requirements of patients for the function of knee prosthesis. Digital technology for knee reconstruction provides a new idea and technical method for the accuracy of knee joint geometric measurements and replacement, provide anatomical data for tibial prosthesis design, in a broader attempt to improve the adaption between the prosthesis and the cross section, as well as the joint stability, and reduces the loosening and other complications, and extends the life of the prosthesis. The image-based project is a feasible approach for the 3D knee reconstruction; it can clearly and intuitively conduct multi-angle observations of morphological characteristics of knee joints, thus serving as a teaching method for local anatomy of joints and providing reliable data for clinical application.