中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (19): 5040-5049.doi: 10.12307/2026.407

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

构建肾类器官在急性肾损伤中的创新性应用

黄正波1,欧  敏2,李国顺2,段福慧2,刘建琦2,娄菊相2,赵艳修2,苏晓艳2   

  1. 1滨州医学院,山东省烟台市   264003;2大理大学第五附属医院(保山市人民医院),云南省保山市   678000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 接受日期:2025-12-03 出版日期:2026-07-08 发布日期:2026-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 赵艳修,主任医师,大理大学第五附属医院(保山市人民医院),云南省保山市 678000; 并列通讯作者:苏晓艳,副主任医师,大理大学第五附属医院(保山市人民医院),云南省保山市 678000
  • 作者简介:黄正波,男,2003年生,滨州医学院在读本科。 并列第一作者:欧敏,女,1998年生,硕士,药师,主要从事临床药学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    保山市医学研究联合专项重点项目(2023bskjylzd002),项目负责人:赵艳修

Innovative application of kidney organoids in acute kidney injury

Huang Zhengbo1, Ou Min2, Li Guoshun2, Duan Fuhui2, Liu Jianqi2, Lou Juxiang2, Zhao Yanxiu2, Su Xiaoyan2   

  1. 1Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China; 2Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University (Baoshan People's Hospital), Baoshan 678000, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Accepted:2025-12-03 Online:2026-07-08 Published:2026-02-24
  • Contact: Zhao Yanxiu, Chief physician, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University (Baoshan People's Hospital), Baoshan 678000, Yunnan Province, China; Co-corresponding author: Su Xiaoyan, Associate chief physician, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University (Baoshan People's Hospital), Baoshan 678000, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Huang Zhengbo, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China; Ou Min, MS, Pharmacist, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University (Baoshan People's Hospital), Baoshan 678000, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Medical Research Joint Special Key Project of Baoshan City, No. 2023bskjylzd002 (to ZYX)

摘要:

文题释义:

急性肾损伤:是一种以肾功能迅速下降为特征的综合征。它通常导致体液潴留、电解质失衡和体内尿毒症毒素积累,脓毒症、尿路梗阻、心脏手术相关的缺血和肾毒性药物都可能导致急性肾损伤的发生,持续的炎症反应会导致急性肾损伤发展为慢性肾病。
类器官:是细胞衍生的3D结构,可重现3D解剖结构的原始器官并概括基本的组织水平功能。类器官发展的主要基础依赖于均质细胞的自组织能力和模仿源组织关键特征的能力,它可以高度模拟原位组织的生理结构、功能、发育和分化过程。常见类器官模拟组织包括肠道、大脑、心脏、肾脏和肝脏等,类器官可以由不同的细胞类型创建,如多能诱导干细胞、胚胎干细胞、成体干细胞甚至肿瘤细胞,广泛应用于药物开发、疾病建模、癌症研究、发育生物学、再生机制、精准医学和器官移植等研究领域。

摘要
背景:近年来,肾类器官技术在急性肾损伤中的应用逐渐成为研究热点。传统的动物模型与人类存在种属差异,其肾脏生理和病理过程不能完全代表人类。肾类器官技术通过干细胞培养形成3D肾脏模型,能模拟人类肾脏复杂的结构和功能,在急性肾损伤疾病建模、药物肾毒性预测及再生修复机制探索等方面展现出巨大潜力。
目的:综述肾类器官在急性肾损伤研究中的应用进展,为急性肾损伤的预防和治疗提供新的技术手段和研究策略。
方法:通过中国知网和PubMed数据库检索与类器官及急性肾损伤相关的文献,中文检索词为“急性肾损伤,类器官,多能干细胞,3D生物打印,芯片肾,再生医学,肾移植”等,英文检索词为“acute kidney injury,organoid,pluripotent stem cells,3D bioprinting,kidney-on-a-chip,regenerative medicine,kidney transplantation”,所有检索文献为研究原著和相关综述,检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年4月,最终筛选99篇文献进行分析总结。
结果与结论:①目前文献中报道的诱导肾类器官形成的细胞来源主要有多能干细胞、胚胎干细胞和尿液来源干细胞,这些诱导的肾类器官在体外药物筛选、肾脏发育和疾病建模中发挥重要作用;②3D生物打印和芯片肾脏技术是构建肾类器官的新兴技术手段,3D生物打印可以精确和特异性构建复杂的多细胞结构,芯片肾脏技术具有较高的气体渗透性、敏感性以及低成本等特点,可延长类器官寿命、增加生物相容性,适用于临床前药物开发和毒性筛选;③基因编辑技术与肾类器官模型的结合,为肾脏疾病研究、药物开发和再生医学带来了新的视角和工具基因,它可构建带特定报告基因或敏感指标的肾类器官,对肾类器官的特定肾脏细胞类型进行放大和分类;④肾类器官在急性肾损伤的疾病模拟、药物评估和再生治疗策略探索方面展现出独特优势,它可作为研究顺铂、阿霉素和红曲米补充剂等致急性肾脏损伤毒性机制的体外模型,筛选高通量药物和治疗药物靶点,在肾移植再生医学领域也发挥重要作用。
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3437-657X (黄正波);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-3241 (欧敏);
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7546-4399 (赵艳修);https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0215-3776 (苏晓艳)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 急性肾损伤, 类器官, 肾移植, 多能干细胞, 肾脏, 再生医学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the application of kidney organoid technology in acute kidney injury has gradually become a research hotspot. Traditional animal models have species differences from humans, and physiological and pathological processes of their kidneys cannot fully represent the human situation. Kidney organoid technology forms 3D kidney models through stem cell culture, which can simulate the complex structure and function of human kidneys. It has shown great potential in disease modeling and mechanism exploration of acute kidney injury, prediction of drug nephrotoxicity, and exploration of regeneration and repair mechanisms.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress in the application of organoid technology in acute kidney injury and to provide new technical approaches and research strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury.
METHODS: The relevant literature on organoids and acute kidney injury was retrieved through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed databases, in which Chinese and English search terms mainly included “acute kidney injury, organoid, pluripotent stem cell, 3D bioprinting, kidney-on-a-chip, regenerative medicine, kidney transplantation.” All retrieved literature included original research articles and relevant reviews. The search period covered the establishment of each database to April 2025. A total of 99 articles were finally selected for analysis and summary.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The cell sources reported in the current literature for inducing the formation of kidney organoids mainly include pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and stem cells derived from urine. These kidney organoids play a significant role in in vitro drug screening, kidney development, and disease modeling. (2) 3D bioprinting and chip kidney technology are emerging techniques for constructing kidney-like organs. 3D bioprinting can precisely and specifically construct complex multi-cellular structures. Chip kidney technology has features such as high gas permeability, sensitivity, and low cost, which can extend the lifespan of the organoids and increase biocompatibility. It is suitable for preclinical drug development and toxicity screening. (3) The combination of gene editing technology and kidney organoid models has brought new perspectives and tools for the study of kidney diseases, drug development, and regenerative medicine. This technology can construct kidney organoids with specific reporter genes or sensitive indicators, and can also amplify and classify specific types of kidney cells in the organoids. (4) Renal organoids demonstrate unique advantages in disease simulation, drug evaluation, and exploration of regenerative treatment strategies. They can serve as in vitro models for the toxic mechanisms of drugs such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, and red yeast rice supplements that cause acute kidney injury. They can also be used to screen high-throughput drugs and therapeutic drug targets, playing a significant role in the field of regenerative medicine for kidney transplantation.

Key words: acute kidney injury, organoid, kidney transplantation, pluripotent stem cells, kidney, regenerative medicine

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