中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3379-3391.doi: 10.12307/2026.340

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨骼肌源性外泌体调控骨形成及运动干预的作用

陆碧琼1,韦忠建2   

  1. 1广西民族师范学院体育学院,广西壮族自治区崇左市   532200;2贺州学院教师教育学院,广西壮族自治区贺州市   542899
  • 接受日期:2025-09-05 出版日期:2026-05-08 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 韦忠建,讲师,贺州学院教师教育学院,广西壮族自治区贺州市 542899
  • 作者简介:陆碧琼,女,1984年生,壮族,2024年菲律宾黎刹大学毕业,博士,副教授,主要从事运动生理学研究。

Skeletal muscle-derived exosome-mediated regulation of bone formation and role of exercise intervention

Lu Biqiong1, Wei Zhongjian2   

  1. 1College of Physical Education, Guangxi Minzu Normal University, Chongzuo 532200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2School of Teacher Education, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Accepted:2025-09-05 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Wei Zhongjian, Lecturer, School of Teacher Education, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Lu Biqiong, PhD, Associate professor, College of Physical Education, Guangxi Minzu Normal University, Chongzuo 532200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是直径为30-150 nm的纳米级囊泡,广泛存在于生物体液中。外泌体能够携带多种生物分子,如蛋白质、脂质、RNA(包括miRNA和mRNA)等,由细胞通过内吞作用释放到外部环境中。外泌体不仅在细胞通讯中起着重要作用,还参与调控成骨细胞的分化、矿化。
骨形成:是骨骼系统发育和修复的基础过程,主要通过成骨细胞完成。骨形成的过程分为初期的骨基质合成阶段、矿化阶段以及成熟骨的形成阶段。成骨细胞通过合成骨基质(主要是胶原蛋白)并促进矿物质沉积来形成新骨。骨形成的调控因素包括生长因子、转录因子、细胞信号通路等,其中Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路、骨形态发生蛋白2、Runt相关转录因子2等分子在骨形成过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。

摘要
背景:骨形成异常是导致骨折风险增加和生活质量下降的主要原因之一。骨骼肌作为重要的分泌器官,其产生的骨骼肌源性外泌体与骨形成密切相关。最新研究显示运动可能通过调节骨骼肌源性外泌体的分泌进而调控骨形成。因此,深入探讨骨骼肌源性外泌体调控骨形成的作用及机制,对于提高生活质量和减少骨折风险具有重要意义。 
目的:旨在综述骨骼肌源性外泌体在骨形成中的作用及其潜在机制,特别是运动干预对骨骼肌源性外泌体的调节作用,为骨形成异常的治疗提供新的思路。
方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)和PubMed数据库,使用“Exosome,Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes, Bone Formation,Osteoblast,Exercise”作为英文检索词,“外泌体,骨骼肌源性外泌体,骨形成,成骨细胞,运动”作为中文检索词,筛选数据库建库至2024年11月期间发表的相关文献。根据文献的相关性、质量以及研究内容的适宜性,最终纳入了81篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①当前通过多组学、组织学和分子生物学手段发现骨骼肌源性外泌体中的miR-1、miR-133a、miR-133b、miR-206和miR-27,以及热休克蛋白、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白5、肌连蛋白和中胚层配对同源蛋白2,通过Wnt/β-连环蛋白、骨形态发生蛋白2、Runt相关转录因子2等信号通路调控成骨分化,改善骨质疏松;②不同类型、强度和持续时间的运动干预在调节骨骼肌源性外泌体释放及骨代谢方面具有不同的影响,但由于体内外泌体追踪和鉴定的复杂性,目前仍然难以精确识别运动后循环外泌体的来源,未来的研究需要进一步探索具体机制。综上,骨骼肌源性外泌体在骨代谢中的作用日益受到关注,运动干预通过调节外泌体的释放为骨代谢疾病的治疗提供了新的可能性。

关键词: 骨骼肌源性外泌体, miRNA, 骨形成, 骨质疏松, 运动

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal bone formation is one of the primary causes of increased fracture risk and decreased quality of life. Skeletal muscle, as an important secretory organ, produces skeletal muscle-derived exosomes, which are closely related to bone formation. Recent studies have shown that exercise may regulate bone formation by modulating the secretion of skeletal muscle-derived exosomes. Therefore, a thorough investigation into the role and mechanisms of skeletal muscle-derived exosomes in regulating bone formation is of significant importance for improving quality of life and reducing fracture risk.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the role of skeletal muscle-derived exosomes in bone formation and their potential mechanisms, particularly the regulatory effects of exercise intervention on skeletal muscle-derived exosomes, providing new insights for the treatment of abnormal bone formation.
METHODS: We searched the CNKI and PubMed databases using Chinese and English search terms “exosome, skeletal muscle-derived exosomes, bone formation, osteoblast, exercise.” We screened relevant literature published between database inception and November 2024. Based on the relevance, quality, and suitability of the research content, we ultimately included 81 relevant articles for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Current multi-omics, histological, and molecular biology studies have identified that miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, and miR-27 in skeletal muscle-derived exosomes, as well as heat shock proteins, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, myotilin, and mesoderm paired homeobox protein 2, regulate osteogenic differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Runt-related transcription factor 2, and other signaling pathways, improving osteoporosis. (2) Different types, intensities, and durations of exercise interventions have varying effects on the regulation of skeletal muscle-derived exosome release and their role in bone metabolism. However, due to the complexity of in vivo exosome tracking and identification, it is still difficult to precisely identify the source of circulating exosome after exercise. Future research needs to further explore the specific mechanisms. In summary, the role of skeletal muscle-derived exosomes in bone metabolism is increasingly recognized, and exercise intervention, by regulating exosome release, offers new possibilities for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases.

Key words: skeletal muscle-derived exosomes, miRNA, bone formation, osteoporosis, exercise

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