中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 731-739.doi: 10.12307/2025.869

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折椎体强化术后残余背痛危险因素的Meta 分析

杨  鹏1,2,徐铖菡2,周英杰2,柴旭斌2,禚汉杰2,栗  林1,2,师锦玉1,2   

  1. 1河南中医药大学,河南省郑州市   450046;2河南省洛阳正骨医院(河南省骨科医院)脊柱外二科,河南省洛阳市   471002
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-15 接受日期:2024-12-31 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2025-07-07
  • 通讯作者: 周英杰,硕士,教授,主任医师,科主任,河南省洛阳正骨医院(河南省骨科医院)脊柱外二科,河南省洛阳市 471002
  • 作者简介:杨鹏,男,1999年生,河南中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事中医药防治脊柱相关疾病的相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省中医药传承与创新人才工程(仲景工程)项目,项目负责人:周英杰

A meta-analysis of risk factors for residual back pain after vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Yang Peng1, 2, Xu Chenghan2, Zhou Yingjie2, Chai Xubin2, Zhuo Hanjie2, Li Lin1, 2, Shi Jinyu1, 2   

  1. 1Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; 2Department of Spine Surgery II, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang 471002, Henan Province, China 
  • Received:2024-11-15 Accepted:2024-12-31 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2025-07-07
  • Contact: Zhou Yingjie, MS, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Spine Surgery II, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang 471002, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Yang Peng, Master candidate, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Department of Spine Surgery II, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang 471002, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Henan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Talent Project (Zhongjing Project) (to ZYJ) 

摘要:

文题释义:

骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折:指由于骨质疏松导致的脊柱椎体强度下降,在轻微外力或无明显创伤的情况下发生的椎体变形或塌陷,这种骨折在老年人中尤为常见,尤其是绝经后女性。据统计,60岁以上人群中约30%的女性和15%的男性会发生至少一次椎体压缩性骨折。影像学检查显示,椎体高度丢失超过20%即可诊断为压缩性骨折。研究发现,每发生一次椎体压缩性骨折,患者再次骨折的风险增加4倍。此外,这类骨折常导致慢性疼痛、脊柱畸形和生活质量显著下降。
残余背痛:指骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折在进行椎体强化术后,患者仍然持续存在的背部疼痛。研究表明,尽管手术能够显著缓解急性期疼痛,但仍有20%-40%的患者在术后6个月内报告有中度至重度的残余背痛。影像学检查显示15%-25%的患者可能存在手术未能完全纠正的椎体高度丢失或脊柱畸形。残余背痛不仅影响患者的日常生活活动能力,还与心理健康问题(如抑郁和焦虑)的发生率增加相关,进一步降低了患者的生活质量。

摘要
目的:针对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者在接受椎体强化术后仍存在残余背痛的问题,目前的研究呈现出样本量有限、混杂因素复杂以及研究结果不一致等特点。为了更深入地理解这一现象,此次研究旨在通过系统评价和荟萃分析的方法,识别并评估影响术后残余背痛的危险因素。
方法:检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science文献数据库中有关骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折椎体强化术后残余背痛的病例对照试验,检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2024年7月,检索词由主题词和自由词相结合。提取纳入研究的基本信息及患者基本特征、手术相关指标、手术腰背痛的相关危险因素。评价纳入所有研究的偏倚风险后,使用Stata 14.0软件对相关指标进行Meta分析。
结果:①共纳入21项病例对照试验,包括8 043例患者,其中发生腰背痛患者965例;21篇文献质量评分均≥7分;②Meta分析结果显示:年龄(WMD=0.98,95%CI:0.40-1.56,P=0.010)、骨密度(WMD=-0.28,95%CI:-0.34至-0.21,P=0.000)、椎体骨折数(OR=3.50,95%CI:2.65-4.62,P=0.000)、胸腰筋膜损伤(OR=3.65,95%CI:2.61-5.11,P= 0.000)、骨水泥注入量(OR=6.89,95%CI:2.62-18.17,P=0.000)、骨水泥分布(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.93-2.93,P=0.000)是骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者椎体强化术后发生腰背痛的危险因素。
结论:当前证据表明,年龄、骨密度、椎体骨折数、胸腰筋膜损伤、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥分布是腰背痛发生的危险因素,其中骨密度、椎体骨折数、胸腰筋膜损伤、骨水泥分布不均是发生腰背痛的独立危险因素。对具有以上危险因素的高危患者需密切关注并且及时干预,以降低临床腰背痛的发生率,从而改善患者的临床预后,提高生活质量。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折, 椎体强化术, 残余背痛, 危险因素, Meta分析, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures still have residual back pain after vertebral augmentation. The current research is characterized by limited sample size, complex confounding factors, and inconsistent research results. To gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, the aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the risk factors for residual back pain after surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in CNKI, VIP, WanFang, CBMdisc, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for case-control studies on residual back pain after vertebral body augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures from database inception to July 2024. The search terms were a combination of subject terms and free terms. The basic information, patient characteristics, surgical-related indicators, and risk factors for surgical back pain of the included studies were extracted. After evaluating the bias risk of all included studies, a meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 14.0 software on the relevant indicators.
RESULTS: (1) 21 case-control studies with a total of 8 043 patients were included. Among them, 965 patients developed back pain. The quality score of all 21 studies was ≥7. (2) The meta-analysis results showed that age (WMD=0.98, 95%CI: 0.40-1.56, P=0.010), bone mineral density (WMD=-0.28, 95%CI:-0.34 to -0.21, P=0.000), the number of vertebral fractures (OR=3.50, 95%CI:2.65-4.62, P=0.000), thoracolumbar fracture index (OR=3.65, 95%CI:2.61-5.11, P=0.000), cement volume (OR=6.89, 95%CI:2.62-18.17, P=0.000), and cement distribution (OR=2.38, 95%CI:1.93-2.93, P=0.000) were risk factors for the development of back pain after vertebral body augmentation in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
CONCLUSION: Current evidence indicates that age, bone mineral density, the number of vertebral fractures, thoracolumbar fracture index, bone cement injection volume, and the distribution of bone cement are risk factors for low back pain. Specifically, bone mineral density, the number of vertebral fractures, thoracolumbar fracture index, and non-uniform distribution of bone cement are identified as independent risk factors for low back pain. Patients exhibiting these high-risk factors require vigilant monitoring and prompt intervention to mitigate the occurrence of clinical low back pain, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. 

Key words: osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, vertebral augmentation, residual back pain, risk factors, meta-analysis, engineered tissue construction

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