中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (31): 6733-6742.doi: 10.12307/2025.536

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

毛囊类器官研究:现状、问题与前景

王  钊,龚  琳,朴永君   

  1. 大连医科大学附属第一医院皮肤科,辽宁省大连市   116000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-21 接受日期:2024-08-05 出版日期:2025-11-08 发布日期:2025-02-25
  • 通讯作者: 朴永君,博士,教授,大连医科大学附属第一医院皮肤科,辽宁省大连市 116000
  • 作者简介:王钊,男,1994年生,湖北省武汉市人,汉族,大连医科大学在读硕士,主要从事毛囊新生、毛发再生研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(82003377),项目负责人:龚琳

Research on hair follicle organoids: current status, challenges and prospects

Wang Zhao, Gong Lin, Piao Yongjun   

  1. Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-21 Accepted:2024-08-05 Online:2025-11-08 Published:2025-02-25
  • Contact: Gong Lin, MD, Associate professor, Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Wang Zhao, Master candidate, Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation Youth Scholars of China, No. 82003377 (to GL)

摘要:

文题释义:

类器官:体外培养的干细胞或器官祖细胞,发生细胞分化以及谱系定向,并自组装为器官样结构的细胞聚集体,其细胞来源主要包括胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞及成体干细胞,因不同类型干细胞的生物学特性存在一定差异,故各类型类器官的特性也有所不同。 
毛囊类器官:通过解离细胞自组装模仿体内毛囊器官形态发生,形成毛胚结构,可发挥毛干功能,通过啮齿动物移植模型可实现毛囊再生。

摘要
背景:毛囊体外重建依赖于毛乳头细胞及角质形成细胞3D共培养时的自组装行为,该过程与毛囊胚胎发育极为相似,因此,毛囊类器官可作为毛囊再生相关基础研究良好的体外模型,目前,通过仿生系统培养的全人源毛囊类器官已能成功移植到动物体内。毛囊类器官研究使毛囊再生成为可能,但构建方法亦无统一定论,仍面临诸多挑战。
目的:综述目前毛囊类器官的研究进展,总结毛囊类器官培养方法及表征,阐述应用前景,为后续研究提供可靠依据,以期促进其在组织工程及脱发治疗的临床转化。
方法:应用计算机在中国知网 (CNKI)及PubMed数据库中,以“毛囊再生,毛发再生,类器官”为中文检索词,“hair growth,hair loss,hair regeneration,hair follicle,dermal papilla cell,organoid”为英文检索词进行检索,查阅国内外关于毛囊类器官的相关文献,共纳入文献67篇进行后续分析。
结果与结论:①不同来源的毛乳头细胞与角质形成细胞可在体外构建毛囊类器官,以获得鼠源、人-鼠嵌合及人源毛囊类器官,并成功用于啮齿动物移植模型;②多种重编程方法如电刺激、添加重组蛋白、解离细胞基因过表达等可用于促进毛囊类器官毛胚形成及毛钉伸长,同时,多种3D打印技术的应用已实现大小可控毛囊类器官的批量生产,极大提高了生产效率;③在解离细胞共培养体系中加入黑素细胞时,或可破译新生毛囊的色素缺失难题,而加入人脐静脉血管内皮细胞时,细胞聚集体内的新生血管可改善营养供给,减少中心部位坏死;④随着工程化类毛囊技术逐渐趋于成熟,患者自体细胞构建的毛囊类器官或可用于严重脱发的个体化医疗。

关键词: 脱发">, 毛囊再生">, 毛乳头细胞">, 毛囊类器官">, 上皮-间充质交互作用">, 3D培养">, 类器官">, 组织工程">, 工程化类器官

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro reconstruction of hair follicles depends on the self-assembly behavior of dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes during three dimensional co-culture, which is very similar to the development of hair follicle embryos. Therefore, hair follicle organoids can be used as a good model in vitro for basic research of hair follicle regeneration. Currently, wholly humanized follicle organoids cultured by biomimetic system have been successfully transplanted into animals. Research on hair follicle organoids makes it possible to regenerate hair follicles, but there is no uniform conclusion on the construction method, and there are still many challenges.
OBJECTIVE: To review the current research progress of hair follicle organoids, summarize their culture methods and characterization, and expound their application prospects, so as to provide reliable basis for subsequent research, in order to promote its clinical transformation in tissue engineering and alopecia treatment.
METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were searched by a computer, using “hair follicle regeneration, hair regeneration, organoid” as Chinese search terms and “hair growth, hair loss, hair regeneration, hair follicle, dermal papilla cell, organoid” as English search terms. The domestic and foreign literature on hair follicle organoids was reviewed and a total of 67 articles were included for follow-up analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes from different sources can be used to construct hair follicle organoids in vitro to obtain mouse-derived, human-mouse chimeric and human-derived hair follicle organoids, which have been successfully used in rodent transplantation models. (2) A variety of programming methods, such as electrical stimulation, addition of recombinant protein, and dissociation of cell gene expression, can be used to promote hair follicle organoid such as hair follicle germ formation and hair shaft elongation. Simultaneously, the application of various 3D printing technologies has achieved controllable hair follicle organoid to the size of the quantity production, which greatly improves the production efficiency. (3) When melanocytes are added to the dissociated cell co-culture system, the problem of pigment deficiency in new hair follicles may be solved. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells are added, the new blood vessels in the cell aggregates can improve their nutrient supply and reduce necrosis in the central area. (4) As the technology of engineered hair follicle organoid gradually maturates, hair follicle organoids constructed from patient's autologous cells may be used for individualized treatment of severe alopecia.

Key words: ">hair loss, hair follicle regeneration, dermal papilla cells, hair follicle organoids, epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, 3D culture, organoids, tissue engineering, engineered organoids

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