中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (17): 2753-2758.doi: 10.12307/2024.478

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

移植物类型对前交叉韧带重建后患者膝关节功能的影响

李露祎1,厉晓杰2,黑泽明1,刘  华1   

  1. 1首都体育学院,北京市  100191;2空军特色医学中心骨科,北京市  100142
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-25 接受日期:2023-09-12 出版日期:2024-06-18 发布日期:2023-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 刘华,副教授,首都体育学院,北京市 100191
  • 作者简介:李露祎,女,1998年生,北京市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动损伤的预防与康复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    北京高校优质本科课程(145122005/004),项目负责人:刘华;北京高等教育“本科教学改革创新项目”(145122002/007),项目负责人:刘华;2023内涵发展-科研-科技强校支持计划项目(155223021),项目负责人:刘华

Effect of graft type on knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Li Luyi1, Li Xiaojie2, Hei Zeming1, Liu Hua1   

  1. 1Capital University of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing 100191, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China
  • Received:2023-07-25 Accepted:2023-09-12 Online:2024-06-18 Published:2023-12-16
  • Contact: Liu Hua, Associate professor, Capital University of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing 100191, China
  • About author:Li Luyi, Master, Capital University of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing 100191, China
  • Supported by:
    Quality Undergraduate Program in Beijing Universities, No. 145122005/004 (to LH); Beijing Higher Education “Undergraduate Teaching Reform and Innovation Project”, No. 145122002/007 (to LH); 2023 Connotation Development-Scientific Research-Science and Technology Strengthening Support Program, No. 155223021 (to LH)

摘要:


文题释义:

前交叉韧带:是膝关节(胫股关节)中重要的结缔组织,起自胫骨平台髁间棘前方,终止于股骨外侧髁内侧面后部,共分为前内侧和后外侧两束。前交叉韧带是膝关节重要的旋转稳定器,主要用于限制胫骨的前移和内旋,保证膝关节运动的正常生物力学,防止造成膝关节损伤。
移植物:最为常见的移植物分为自体移植物、同种异体移植物及人工韧带移植物。自体移植物感染风险小、供体部位发病率低、愈合较快,但易造成供体位置疼痛、肌肉萎缩等;同种异体移植物可以有效解决供体部位发病率高的问题,但传播疾病的风险较高且花费较高;人工韧带移植物不存在供体发病的问题且生物力学强、相容性好,但恢复较为缓慢、韧带碎片易脱落。


背景:临床上常采用移植物重建前交叉韧带,而不同移植物类型又影响着患者术后膝关节功能和康复方案的制定。

目的:回顾分析不同移植物类型对前交叉韧带重建后患者肌力、关节稳定性、功能性活动及重返运动的影响。
方法:在PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane、中国知网、万方数据库中进行检索,中文检索词为“前交叉韧带重建术,自体移植物,同种异体移植物,人工韧带,骨-髌腱-骨,股四头肌肌腱,腘绳肌肌腱,腓骨长肌肌腱,康复训练,重返运动”;英文检索词为“anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,autografts,allografts,artificial ligaments,bone-patellatendon-bone,quadriceps tendon autograft,hamstring tendon autograft,peroneus longus tendon autograft,rehabilitation,exercise,protocol,return to  sport ”。

结果与结论:选用骨-髌腱-骨移植物的患者应加强股四头肌离心收缩练习,康复后期应关注股四头肌耐力和爆发力的恢复。与骨-髌腱-骨移植物和腘绳肌肌腱移植物相比,选用股四头肌肌腱移植物的患者在5-8个月内符合回归标准的患者明显更少,应制定较长时间的训练计划,训练周期尽量持续到3年以上。选用腘绳肌肌腱移植物应强化多角度下腘绳肌力量训练,尤其是屈膝60°以上的周期至少持续至术后18周。选用腓骨长肌肌腱移植物的患者后续应加强踝关节周围肌肉力量,以足底肌肉力量为主。选用同种异体移植物应注意移植物经低剂量辐射消毒后其抗张力性降低20%,因此应关注膝关节稳定性训练。选用人工韧带移植物的患者3-6周内可渐进性增强股四头肌和腘绳肌力量训练,重视早期本体感觉练习,对平衡、跳跃及灵活性进行针对性训练。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1734-0708(李露祎)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 前交叉韧带重建, 自体移植物, 同种异体移植物, 人工韧带, 康复, 膝关节功能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Grafts are often used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament in clinical practice, while different types of grafts affect postoperative knee function and the development of rehabilitation programs. 
OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the effects of different graft types on muscle strength, joint stability, functional activities, and return to sports in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
METHODS: Related studies were searched through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI, and WANFANG databases. The Chinese and English key words were “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, autografts, allografts, artificial ligaments, bone-patellatendon-bone, quadriceps tendon autograft, hamstring tendon autograft, peroneus longus tendon autograft, rehabilitation, exercise, protocol, return to sport”. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients with bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts should strengthen centrifugal contraction exercises of quadriceps muscle, and pay attention to the recovery of quadriceps muscle endurance and explosive power in the later stage of rehabilitation. Compared with bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts and hamstring tendon grafts, significantly fewer patients with quadriceps tendon grafts met regression criteria within 5-8 months, and a longer training plan should be developed, with the training cycle lasting as long as possible to more than 3 years. The selection of hamstring tendon grafts should strengthen the hamstring muscle strength training under multiple angles, especially the cycle of bending the knee above 60° until at least 18 weeks after surgery. Patients who choose peroneus longus tendon graft should strengthen the muscle strength around the ankle, mainly the plantar muscle strength. In the selection of allograft, attention should be paid to the reduction of tension resistance of 20% after the graft is disinfected by low-dose radiation, so attention should be paid to knee stability training. Patients who choose artificial ligament grafts can gradually enhance quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength training within 3-6 weeks, pay attention to early proprioceptive exercises, and conduct targeted training on balance, jumping, and flexibility.

Key words: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, autograft, allograft, artificial ligament, rehabilitation, knee joint function

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