中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (18): 2814-2819.doi: 10.12307/2023.315

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

三维图像配准技术构建膝关节及周围软组织曲面数字化模型

张晓辉1,张明军1,王建平1,曲海军1,柴  乐2,李  瑜1,张新民1   

  1. 1河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,河南省焦作市   454003;2河南理工大学第一附属医院骨科,河南省焦作市   454003
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-30 接受日期:2022-05-26 出版日期:2023-06-28 发布日期:2022-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 张明军,博士,讲师,河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,河南省焦作市 454003 王建平,博士,教授,河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,河南省焦作市 454003
  • 作者简介:张晓辉,男,1977年生,河北省辛集市人,2009年上海交通大学毕业,博士,讲师,主要从事生物力学与制造方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31370999),课题名称:高屈曲人工膝关节的高屈曲稳定性机制研究,项目负责人:王建平;中国残联项目(2021CDPFAT-14),课题名称:残疾人辅助器具专项-智能辅助康复手杖设计与制作,项目负责人:王建平;河南省高等教育教学改革研究项目 (2019SJGLX056),课题名称:工程教育专业认证视角下的工科专业非技术能力培养研究与实践,项目负责人:张新民

Constructing digital model of knee joint and surrounding soft tissue surface by three-dimensional image registration technology

Zhang Xiaohui1, Zhang Mingjun1, Wang Jianping1, Qu Haijun1, Chai Le2, Li Yu1, Zhang Xinmin1   

  1. 1School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2022-01-30 Accepted:2022-05-26 Online:2023-06-28 Published:2022-09-15
  • Contact: Zhang Mingjun, MD, Lecturer, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan Province, China Wang Jianping, MD, Professor, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Xiaohui, MD, Lecturer, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31370999 (to WJP); China Disabled Persons' Federation Project, No. 2021CDPFAT-14 (to WJP); Henan Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project, No. 2019SJGLX056 (to ZXM)

摘要:

文题释义:
医学图像处理技术:指利用CT技术、MRI技术、医学图像分割技术、曲线逼近技术、医学图像配准技术等,根据断层影像的切片位置,将所有断层在三维空间内排列,并利用插值在断层切片间填充体素,以此构造人体组织三维数据场。并对于一幅医学图像寻求一系列空间变换,使它与另一幅医学图像上的一部分对应点达到空间上的一致。
曲面数字化建模:亦称NURBS(non-uniform rational b-splines)建模,即“非统一均分有理性B样条”建模。其中“非统一”指一个控制顶点的影响力范围能够改变,主要用于不规则面的创建;“有理”指每个NURBS物体都可用数学表达式定义。

背景:随着现代工业、现代国防以及现代医疗康复产业的发展,仿生设计与制造技术蓬勃兴起,该技术常以各类生物体及其组织为研究对象,模仿其几何外形、力学性能等指标,进而得以逆向设计与制造各类人工合成产品,其中几何外形特别是曲面建模技术的有效仿生是其中的关键一环。
目的:以人体膝关节为例探讨曲面建模实践应用技术,建立人体膝关节几何解剖数字化模型,为膝关节生物力学特性的研究提供支持,同时为仿生设计的复杂曲面建模提供了一种有效的教学与研究模式。
方法:利用膝关节CT扫描图像和MRI图像,通过医学影像处理技术分别获取骨组织及软组织轮廓的点云数据及其逼近曲线,并分别重建骨组织及软组织的膝关节实体模型。最后基于三维图像配准技术,将各软组织组装配于骨组织实体模型上,形成整体膝关节三维模型。
结果与结论:通过3D医学影像技术构建了同时包含各骨组织和韧带、半月板、肌腱等主要软组织在内的膝关节复杂几何曲面解剖数字化模型。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-9231 (张晓辉) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 曲面建模, 医学影像处理, 图学教育, 图像配准, 曲线逼近, 膝关节, 几何模型, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the development of modern industry, modern national defense and modern medical rehabilitation industry, bionic design and manufacturing technology is booming. This technology often takes various organisms and their tissues as research objects, imitating their geometric shapes, mechanical properties and other indicators, and then achieves reverse design and manufacture of various synthetic products, in which the effective bionics of geometric shapes, especially surface modeling technology, is a key part of it.  
OBJECTIVE: Taking the human knee joint as an example, this paper discussed the practical application technology of surface modeling, and established a digital model of the geometric anatomy of the human knee joint. It provided support for the research on the biomechanical properties of the knee joint, and at the same time provided an effective teaching and research model for the complex surface modeling of the bionic mechanism.
METHODS:  Using knee CT scan images and magnetic resonance imaging images, the point cloud data and approximation curves of bone tissue and soft tissue contours were obtained through medical image processing technology, respectively, and the knee joint entity models of bone tissue and soft tissue were reconstructed respectively. Finally, based on the 3D image registration technology, each soft tissue group was assembled on the bone tissue entity model to form the overall knee joint 3D model.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Through 3D medical imaging technology, a digital anatomical digital model of knee joint with complex geometric surfaces including various bone tissues and ligaments, meniscus, tendons and other major soft tissues was constructed.

Key words: surface modeling, medical image processing, graphics education, image registration, curve approximation, knee joint, geometric model, biomechanics

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