中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 805-812.doi: 10.12307/2023.097

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

血流限制训练对老年人肌肉力量、质量和躯体能力改变影响的Meta分析

潘玮敏1,王  兵2,韩亚兵3,李  婷3,宋嘉琦3,覃华生4,刘  洋3   

  1. 西安体育学院,1运动与健康科学学院,3研究生部,陕西省西安市  710068;2 西安工业大学基础学院,陕西省西安市  710021;4陕西学前师范学院体育学院,陕西省西安市  710100
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-09 接受日期:2022-04-26 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2022-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 潘玮敏,西安体育学院运动与健康科学学院,陕西省西安市 710068
  • 作者简介:潘玮敏,女,1974年生,汉族,陕西省咸阳市人,2009年中国人民解放军空军军医大学(原第四军医大学)毕业,博士,教授,主要从事运动医学与健康研究。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省社会科学基金项目(2019R020),项目负责人:潘玮敏

Effects of blood flow restriction training on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance in older adults: a Meta-analysis

Pan Weimin1, Wang Bing2, Han Yabing3, Li Ting3, Song Jiaqi3, Qin Huasheng4, Liu Yang3   

  1. 1Sports and Health Science School, 3Graduate School, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Basic Science School, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China;  4Physical Education Department, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-09 Accepted:2022-04-26 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2022-07-25
  • Contact: Pan Weimin, Sports and Health Science School, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Pan Weimin, PhD, Professor, Sports and Health Science School, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, No. 2019R020 (to PWM)

摘要:

文题释义:
血流限制训练:应用加压装置对肢体实施外部加压限制静脉血液回流,并辅以肌肉运动,可促进肌肉功能改善。血流限制训练目前已被应用至康复及临床干预疾病领域。
肌肉质量:即肌肉量,指去除全身脂肪组织、骨矿组织和内脏器官后的肌肉组织量。

目的:通过系统评价目前应用于老年人群不同方式血流限制训练对肌肉力量、肌肉质量及躯体能力的综合影响,旨在为科学应用血流限制训练防治老年性肌减症提供理论依据。
方法:计算机检索PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library及中国知网、万方、维普和CBM数据库,搜索并收集关于血流限制训练对老年人肌肉力量、肌肉质量和躯体能力影响的随机对照试验,文献发表时间为各数据库建库至2021年8月,至少2名评价员利用Cochrane协作网推荐的偏倚评估工具对纳入的文献进行文献质量评估,采用RevMan 5.4软件对相关数据进行Meta分析。评价指标包括肌肉力量、肌肉质量和躯体能力3个连续性变量,对纳入文献中结局指标的不同测试方法进行亚组分析。
结果:①共纳入16项随机对照试验,共348例受试者,文献质量分级依据Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评价工具,结果显示有11篇研究为B级,其他5篇为C级。②Meta分析结果显示:与高负荷抗阻训练相比较,低负荷血流限制训练对提高老年人的肌肉力量(SMD=-0.14,95%CI:-0.34-0.06,P=0.17)和肌肉质量(SMD=0.08,95%CI:-0.23-0.40,P=0.60)具有相同的效果;与低负荷抗阻训练相比,低负荷血流限制训练显著提高肌肉力量(SMD=0.57,95%CI:0.28-0.87,P=0.000 2);与步行训练相比,血流限制-步行显著提高肌肉力量(SMD=0.62,95%CI:0.32-0.91,P < 0.000 1),但肌肉质量(SMD=0.28,95%CI:-0.01-0.57,P=0.06)和躯体能力(SMD=0.61,95%CI:-0.04-1.26,P=0.07)没有显著变化。③亚组分析结果显示:异质性降低,采用最大自主收缩(SMD=0.95,95%CI:0.25-1.65,P=0.008)和等速力矩(SMD=0.80,95%CI:0.16-1.45,P=0.01)测试肌肉力量时,低负荷血流限制训练明显优于低负荷抗阻训练;应用躯体功能(SMD=0.94,95%CI:0.35-1.52,P=0.002)评估躯体能力,血流限制性步行较步行训练显著提升。
结论:现有的16项随机对照试验证据表明,与传统抗阻训练和步行相比,低负荷血流限制训练和血流限制性步行可增加老年人肌肉力量和肌肉质量。尽管对躯体能力的改善还需大样本量试验进一步深入研究,但低负荷血流限制训练和血流限制性步行可作为延缓老年性肌减症的有效手段。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-3012(潘玮敏)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 老年人, 血流限制训练, 抗阻训练, 步行, 肌肉力量, 肌肉质量, 躯体能力, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effects of low-load blood flow restriction training and walking training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance in older adults, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the scientific application of blood flow restriction to the prevention and treatment of senile sarcopenia. 
METHODS: A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM. Randomized controlled trials regarding the effects of blood flow restriction training on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older adults were included from inception to August, 2021. The literature quality was assessed using the bias assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration by at least two evaluators and RevMan5.4 software was used to conduct meta-analysis of relevant data. Evaluation indicators contained three continuous variables including muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. Subgroup analysis was carried out for different test methods of outcome indicators included in the literature 
RESULTS: A total of 16 randomized controlled trials, including 348 patients in total, were included according to the inclusion criteria. The quality of the literature was graded according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool, including 11 studies of grade B and 5 of grade C. The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with high-load resistance training, low-load blood flow restriction training could improve muscle strength [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI):-0.34-0.06, P=0.17] and muscle mass (SMD=0.08, 95% CI: -0.23-0.40, P=0.60) in older adults; compared with low-load resistance training, low-load blood flow restriction training and walking training with blood flow restriction could significantly improve muscle strength (SMD=0.57, 95% CI: 0.28-0.87, P=0.000 2); compared with walking training, walking blood flow restriction training significantly could improve muscle strength (SMD=0.62, 95% CI: 0.32-0.91, P < 0.000 1], but there was no significant change in muscle mass (SMD=0.28, 95% CI: -0.01-0.57, P=0.06) and physical performance (SMD=0.61, 95% CI: -0.04-1.26, P=0.07). The results of subgroup analysis showed that heterogeneity was reduced. The muscle strength via low-load blood flow restriction training and walking training with blood flow restriction was significantly better than that via low-load training by means of maximum voluntary contraction (SMD=0.95, 95% CI: 0.25-1.65, P=0.008) and isokinetic torque testing (SMD=0.80, 95% CI: 0.16-1.45, P=0.01], and the physical performance via walking training with blood flow restriction was significantly better than that via walking training by means of physical function evaluation (SMD=0.94, 95% CI: 0.35-1.52, P=0.002).
CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis results of the existing 16 randomized controlled trials indicate that compared with the traditional resistance training and walking training, low-load blood flow restriction training and walking training with blood flow restriction can also increase muscle strength and muscle mass in older adults. Although the large-scale randomized controlled trials are still needed on the improvement of physical performance, low-load blood flow restriction training and walking training with blood flow restriction could be good ways to prevent elder population from sarcopenia. 

Key words: older adults, blood flow restriction training, resistance training, walking, muscle strength, muscle mass, physical performance, Meta-analysis

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