中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 774-779.doi: 10.12307/2022.126

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

血流限制训练修复膝关节疾病的作用与价值

卫  星,刘书芳,毛  宁   

  1. 广州体育学院,广东省广州市   510500
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-04 修回日期:2020-10-12 接受日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2021-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 刘书芳,博士,副教授,广州体育学院,广东省广州市 510500
  • 作者简介:卫星,女,1995年生,湖北省大冶市人,汉族,广州体育学院在读硕士,主要从事运动损伤的预防与康复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省体育局项目(GDSS2020N103),项目负责人:刘书芳

Roles and values of blood flow restriction training in the rehabilitation of knee joint diseases

Wei Xing, Liu Shufang, Mao Ning   

  1. Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2020-10-04 Revised:2020-10-12 Accepted:2020-11-13 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2021-12-02
  • Contact: Liu Shufang, MD, Associate professor, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wei Xing, Master candidate, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    a grant from Guangdong Provincial Sports Bureau Project, No. GDSS2020N103 (to LSF)

摘要:

文题释义:
血流限制训练:也称为KAATSU训练,是指在训练期间通过对肢体近端使用加压袖带,使静脉血流闭塞的同时部分阻塞动脉血流,血流限制可结合有氧及抗阻训练形式或单独使用。
膝关节疾病:膝关节是全身发病率最高的关节,膝关节疼痛不仅涉及到关节内的各种病损,也常因各种关节外因素引起。膝关节产生的症状往往不具有特异性,如疼痛、打软腿、关节交锁等症状,既可以因为交叉韧带、半月板损伤引起,也可以因为髌股关节异常、关节软骨病变引起,甚至可能仅因为异常增生滑膜的嵌顿而引起。膝关节疾病主要包括骨性关节炎、滑膜炎、髌骨软化、半月板损伤等。

背景:血流限制训练也称为KAATSU训练,作为一种新兴的康复训练方式在膝关节疾病康复中的应用在逐渐增加,其以较低的运动强度便能促进肌肉力量增长和肌肉肥大。然而,目前的研究缺乏对不同人群进行血流限制训练的方案,训练变量和血流限制程度对疗效的影响还未知,且不恰当的使用还可能会造成安全性问题。
目的:阐述血流限制训练在膝关节疾病康复中的应用现状,试图从应用现状和应用方案及安全性对血流限制训练进行综述,提出急待解决的问题,旨在为安全有效的应用该技术提供理论支撑和实践指导。
方法:检索截至2020-10-29,在PubMed、中国知网(CNKI)等文献数据库中,搜索血流限制训练应用于膝关节疾病康复的相关研究,中文检索式包括“血流限制训练OR加压训练”“血流限制训练OR加压训练AND膝关节”“膝关节骨关节炎OR膝关节手术OR髌股关节痛OR膝前痛OR类风湿关节炎AND血流限制训练OR加压训练”。英文检索式包括“(((blood flow restriction training) OR (Occlusion Training)) OR (Kaatsu training)) AND (knee)”“((((((knee osteoarthritis) OR (Knee surgery)) OR (patellofemoral pain)) OR (anterior knee pain)) OR (rheumatoid arthritis)) AND (blood flow restriction training)) OR (Kaatsu training)”。并根据研究需要确立相应的入选标准,对最终所得文献进行筛选。
结果与结论:①通过对国内外的相关文献进行回顾发现,在膝关节疾病康复中,血流限制训练主要用于前交叉韧带重建和膝关节镜术后、膝关节骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎、髌股关节痛及膝前痛患者,目前血流限制训练在该群体患者中的应用研究发现,其以较低的运动强度便能促进肌肉力量增长和肌肉肥大;②而血流限制单独使用可以有效防止由于无负荷状态导致的失用性肌萎缩,有利于加速膝关节术后康复进程;③目前研究中很少发现与血流限制相关的不良事件,但在使用血流限制结合抗阻训练时,必须要确保使用的袖带宽度和限制压力合适,未来的研究应比较不同血流限制训练方案在不同人群中的应用效果。
缩略语:最大1次重复收缩:repetion maximum,RM;血流限制训练:blood flow restriction training,BFRT

关键词: 膝关节, 血流限制训练, 加压训练, KAATSU训练, 袖带, 运动强度

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a new type of rehabilitation training, blood flow restriction training is gradually increasing in the application of knee joint disease rehabilitation. It can promote muscle strength growth and muscle hypertrophy with lower exercise intensity. However, current research lacks a plan for blood flow restriction training for different groups of people. The effect of training variables and blood flow restriction on the therapeutic efficacy is unknown, and improper use may also cause safety problems.
OBJECTIVE: To explain the application status of blood flow restriction training in knee joint disease rehabilitation, attempt to summarize blood flow restriction training from the aspects of application status, application scheme and safety, and propose urgent problems to be solved, aiming to provide theoretical support and practice for the safe and effective application of this technology guide.
METHODS: in PubMed, CNKI and other literature databases, literature search was conducted for related research on the application of blood flow restriction training in knee joint disease rehabilitation from inception to October 29, 2020. The Chinese search formula included “blood flow restriction training OR plus Compression training,” “blood flow restriction training OR compression training AND knee joint,” “knee osteoarthritis OR knee surgery OR patellofemoral joint pain OR anterior knee pain OR rheumatoid arthritis AND blood flow restriction training OR compression training.” The English search formula included “(((blood flow restriction training) OR (Occlusion Training)) OR (Kaatsu training)) AND (knee),” “((((((knee osteoarthritis) OR (Knee surgery)) OR (patellofemoral pain)) OR (anterior knee pain)) OR (rheumatoid arthritis)) AND (blood flow restriction training)) OR (Kaatsu training).” And according to the research needs, the corresponding selection criteria were established for the screening of final literatures.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A review of relevant literature worldwide found that in the rehabilitation of knee joint diseases, blood flow restriction training is mainly used for patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and knee arthroscopy, knee osteoarthritis, patellofemoral joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis and anterior knee pain. Currently, in this group of patients, blood flow restriction training with lower exercise intensity has been found to promote muscle strength growth and muscle hypertrophy. The use of blood flow restriction alone can effectively prevent disused muscle atrophy due to no-load state, which is conductive to accelerating the rehabilitation process after surgery on the knee joint. In current studies, there are rarely adverse events related to blood flow restriction, but when using blood flow restriction combined with resistance training, it is necessary to ensure that the cuff width and restriction pressure used are appropriate. Future studies should compare different blood flow restriction training programs in different populations.

Key words: knee joint, blood flow restriction training, occlusion training, KAATSU training, cuff, exercise intensity

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