中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (在线): 1-7.

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力学刺激提高生物3D打印软骨构建物基质的形成

孙可欣,曾今实,李佳,蒋海越,刘霞   

  1. 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院整形外科医院研究中心,北京市  100144
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-16 修回日期:2022-04-29 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘霞,博士,研究员,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院整形外科医院研究中心,北京市 100144
  • 作者简介:孙可欣,女,1996年生,河南省安阳县人,汉族,2022年北京协和医学院毕业,硕士,主要从事3D生物打印相关的研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目 (81871575),项目负责人:刘霞;中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程 (2021-I2M-1-052),项目负责人:蒋海越

Mechanical stimulation enhances matrix formation of three-dimensional bioprinted cartilage constructs

Sun Kexin, Zeng Jinshi, Li Jia, Jiang Haiyue, Liu Xia   

  1. Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
  • Received:2022-02-16 Revised:2022-04-29 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-05-27
  • Contact: Liu Xia, MD, Researcher, Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
  • About author:Sun Kexin, Master, Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
  • Supported by:
    General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81871575 (to LX); The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences ,No. 2021-I2M-1-052 (to JHY)

摘要:

文题释义:

力学刺激:属于生物物理刺激的一种,表现形式可以是压力(压缩)、表面的摩擦力、剪切力和拉力,以及压力中特殊的力-细胞内外的静水压力,对细胞的生长发育极为重要。在此次实验中主要指压力。
生物3D打印软骨构建物:利用3D生物打印技术,将软骨细胞与生物材料相混合,打印出的组织工程构建物,此处称为生物3D打印软骨构建物。

摘要
背景:基质分泌不均匀、力学强度不足是影响组织工程构建物在体内形成效果的重要因素,力学刺激是促进细胞外基质分泌的有效手段。
目的:探索3D生物打印复合支架在力学加压环境下的生物学表现。
方法:采用3D生物打印技术制备软骨细胞-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶复合支架,活死染色观察细胞存活情况。将复合支架置于力学加压生物反应器中进行加压培养,以培养于6孔板中不加压培养的复合支架为对照,活死染色观察细胞存活情况,组织学染色观察复合支架体外软骨形成情况,qRT-PCR检测成软骨相关基因mRNA水平的相对表达量。将加压与不加压复合支架分别植入裸鼠皮下,5周后取材,组织学观察软骨形成情况。
结果与结论:①复合支架外观呈现清晰的网格状结构,体外培养1,4,7 d时,支架形态稳定、结构清晰,细胞存活率均在90%以上;②培养2周后,加压组复合支架中的细胞存活率低于不加压组(P < 0.05);苏木精-伊红染色显示两组复合支架均有明显的软骨陷窝结构,细胞在材料中分布较均匀,加压组复合支架的材料间空隙内有更多新生软骨组织形成;番红O染色显示两组均可见红色软骨基质形成,加压组细胞周基质染色更深;Ⅰ型胶原免疫组织化学染色显示,加压组着色更为明显;加压组弹性蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原的mRNA表达高于不加压组
(P < 0.05);③植入裸鼠皮下5周后,苏木精-伊红染色显示加压组软骨组织形成更为均一,软骨细胞大小均匀,陷窝结构明显;④结果表明,虽然体外加压刺激会引发3D生物打印软骨细胞-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶复合支架中的细胞死亡,但同时会促进存活细胞向支架空隙间长入,提高其软骨基质相关基因的表达,促进成软骨能力。

关键词: 3D生物打印, 力学刺激, 软骨细胞, 甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶, 组织工程软骨, 复合支架

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Uneven secretion of matrix and insufficient mechanical strength are important factors affecting the formation effect of tissue engineering constructs in vivo. Mechanical stimulation is an effective means to promote the secretion of extracellular matrix.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological performance of 3D bioprinted cartilage constructs under mechanical stimulation.
METHODS: The chondrocyte-GelMA bioink was prepared and printed by 3D bioprinting technology, and the general observation, the live/dead cell staining, and the cell survival rate at each time point were analyzed; The constructs under compressing stimulation were taken as the experimental group and the constructs without stimulation were taken as the control group. After 2w culture in vitro, the cartilage formation of the two group constructs was observed by histological staining and the relative expression levels of cartilage-related genes was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The constructs were implanted into nude mice for 5 weeks after 2w culture in vitro with or without mechanical stimulation, and the cartilage formation was observed by gross view and HE staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) General observation showed stable morphology and clear structure of the chondrocyte-GelMA constructs. The survival rate of cells at 1, 4, and 7 days of culture was above 90%, and the survial rate of cells in 4 and 7d was significantly higher than that in 1d. (2)The qRT-PCR results showed that the chondrogenesis-related genes ELN, COL, A1, COL IIA1, LOX were up-regulated after compressing culture for 2 weaks, and the expressions of COL IIA1 and ELN were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Histology and immunohistochemical staining showed that the cartilage matrix and type I collagen deposition were more obvious in the experimental group than in the control group. (3) The in vivo results showed no obvious difference in appearance between the two groups, and the HE staining results showed that the cartilage formation were more homogeneous in the experimental group. (4) The 3D bioprinted chondrocyte-GelMA construct can maintain a stable three-dimensional structure, has a high cell survival rate, and can form cartilage tissue in vitro and in vivo. Compression stimulation may induce cell death, however, it increases the expression of cartilage specific genes of the survival cells and promotes cartilage formation. 

Key words: three-dimensional bioprinting, mechanical stimulation, chondrocytes, GelMA, cartilage tissue engineering

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