中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (30): 4840-4846.doi: 10.12307/2022.764

• 干细胞培养与分化 stem cell culture and differentiation • 上一篇    下一篇

外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡诱导大鼠星形胶质细胞向神经元的转分化

贯世豪1,黄永辉1,龚爱华2,曹兴兵1,孙海涛1,蔡  闯1   

  1. 1江苏大学附属医院,江苏省镇江市   212000;2江苏大学,江苏省镇江市   212000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-31 接受日期:2021-10-11 出版日期:2022-10-28 发布日期:2022-03-29
  • 通讯作者: 黄永辉,硕士,主任医师,江苏大学附属医院,江苏省镇江市 212000
  • 作者简介:贯世豪,男,1994年生,山东省临沂市人,汉族,江苏大学在读硕士,主要从事脊髓损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    镇江市科技项目 (SH2020053),项目负责人:黄永辉

Transdifferentiation of rat astrocytes into neurons induced by ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles

Guan Shihao1, Huang Yonghui1, Gong Aihua2, Cao Xingbing1, Sun Haitao1, Cai Chuang1   

  1. 1Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-08-31 Accepted:2021-10-11 Online:2022-10-28 Published:2022-03-29
  • Contact: Huang Yonghui, Master, Chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Guan Shihao, Master candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Zhenjiang Science and Technology Project, No. SH2020053 (to HYH)

摘要:

文题释义:
细胞外囊泡:指由细胞释放的直径为30-200 nm的双层膜结构的小囊泡,携带多种RNA和蛋白质,在细胞间的物质交换和信息传递中起重要作用。
转分化:指将一种类型的体细胞通过改变其细胞表型直接转变为另一种类型细胞的过程,该技术的出现使得病变损伤组织的原位修复得以实现,近年来在星形胶质细胞转分化方面受到广泛关注。

背景:脊髓损伤会使星形胶质细胞增生进而形成胶质瘢痕阻碍神经轴突的形成,而局部炎症微环境进一步加重了神经元的死亡,因此,将星形胶质细胞转分化为神经元既能减轻星形胶质细胞的增生又能增加神经元的数量,可谓是一举两得。而有关外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡能否诱导星形胶质细胞转分化为神经元尚未见相关报道。
目的:探索外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡能否诱导星形胶质细胞转分化为神经元。
方法:①采用组织块直接培养法培养SD大鼠鼻黏膜来源外胚层间充质干细胞,并且根据其形态以及免疫荧光进行鉴定,收集细胞上清液以提取细胞外囊泡,通过粒径分析、透射电镜及蛋白免疫印迹予以鉴定;②采用胰酶消化法培养SD大鼠大脑星形胶质细胞,并予以鉴定;③星形胶质细胞分2组干预:分别加入外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡(质量浓度为1 g/L,2 mL培养基内加入细胞外囊泡体积为66 μL)和同体积的PBS干预星形胶质细胞72 h;④通过免疫荧光、实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白免疫印迹来检测神经元标志物神经元特异性烯醇化酶及神经丝蛋白200的表达量。
结果与结论:①外胚层间充质干细胞形态呈典型梭形并且高表达间充质干细胞标志蛋白CD44、Nestin 和Vimentin;外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡呈经典茶托样形态,粒径分布在30-200 nm之间,蛋白免疫印迹显示细胞外囊泡标志蛋白CD9,CD63及TSG101呈现阳性表达;②星形胶质细胞形态呈不规则星状且高表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白;③与对照组相比,外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡组可见较多神经元样细胞,胞体呈梭形且饱满,突起增多变长,并且高表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶及神经丝蛋白200(P < 0.05);④以上结果提示,外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡可诱导星形胶质细胞转分化为神经元。
缩略语:外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡:ectomesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles,EMSC-EVs

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7618-7321 (贯世豪) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 细胞外囊泡, 中枢神经系统, 星形胶质细胞, 神经元, 神经元特异性烯醇化酶, 神经丝蛋白200, 转分化

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury will lead to the proliferation of astrocytes, resulting in glial scar that hinders the formation of axons, and the local inflammatory microenvironment further aggravates the death of neurons. Therefore, converting astrocytes into neurons reduces the proliferation of astrocytes and increases the number of neurons — killing two birds with one stone. However, it has not been reported whether ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles can induce astrocytes to differentiate into neurons.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles can induce astrocytes to transdifferentiate into neurons.
METHODS:  (1) Ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells derived from nasal mucosa tissue of SD rats were cultured by the tissue explant culture and identified according to their morphology and immunofluorescence. The cell supernatant was collected to extract extracellular vesicles, which were identified by particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot assay. (2) The astrocytes of SD rats were cultured and identified by trypsin digestion technique. (3) Astrocytes were divided into two groups for intervention. Ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (mass concentration: 
1 g/L, volume: 66 μL added into 2 mL medium) and PBS of the same volume were added into astrocytes for 72 hours. (4) The expression levels of neuron markers neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament 200 were detected by immunofluorescence, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and western blot assay.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells presented typical spindle shape and high expression of marker proteins CD44, Nestin, and Vimentin. The ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles exhibited classic tea receptor-like morphology. The particle size distribution ranged from 30 nm to 200 nm. Western blot assay demonstrated positive expression of marker proteins CD9, CD63, and TSG101. (2) Astrocytes were star-shaped and highly expressed the marker protein glial fibrillary acidic protein. (3) Compared with the control group, there were more neuron-like cells in the ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles group. The cell bodies were spindle shaped and full; the processes increased and became longer; and the neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament 200 were highly expressed (P < 0.05). (4) The above results suggest that ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles induce astrocytes to transdifferentiate into neurons.

Key words: mesenchymal stem cell, extracellular vesicle, central nervous system, astrocytes, neurons, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament 200, transdifferentiation

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