中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (18): 2868-2873.doi: 10.12307/2022.696

• 骨科植入物相关基础实验 Basic experiments of orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

颈椎成骨性退变间盘组织学改变及局部骨化灶的潜在形成机制

熊  洋1,2,杨莹骊3,高誉珊4,王秀梅2,杨永栋1,赵丁岩1,赵  赫1,李传鸿1,杨凯坦1,俞  兴1   

  1. 1北京中医药大学东直门医院骨科,北京市   100700;2清华大学材料学院,北京市   100084;3北京协和医院中医科,北京市   100032;4北京中医药大学中医学院,北京市   100029
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-19 接受日期:2021-06-27 出版日期:2022-06-28 发布日期:2022-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 俞兴,教授,主任医师,北京中医药大学东直门医院骨科,北京市 100700
  • 作者简介:熊洋,男,1988年生,湖北省咸丰县人,北京中医药大学第一临床医院毕业,博士,现工作于清华大学博士后工作站,主要从事生物骨材料相关研究。 杨莹骊,女,1990年生,江苏省扬州市人,2019年北京中医药大学第一临床医学院毕业,博士,医师,主要从事中医药临床与基础相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    仿生矿化胶原人工骨在脊柱疾病及骨折治疗中的疗效观察,项目负责人:俞兴

Histological changes of cervical disc tissue and underlying ossification mechanism in patients with cervical degenerative ossification

Xiong Yang1, 2, Yang Yingli3, Gao Yushan4, Wang Xiumei2, Yang Yongdong1, Zhao Dingyan1, Zhao He1, Li Chuanhong1, Yang Kaitan1, Yu Xing1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China; 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 3Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100032, China; 4School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2021-04-19 Accepted:2021-06-27 Online:2022-06-28 Published:2022-01-30
  • Contact: Yu Xing, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
  • About author:Xiong Yang, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Yang Yingli, MD, Physician, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100032, China Xiong Yang and Yang Yingli contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    the Curative Effect of Biomimetic Mineralized Collagen Bone in the Treatment of Spinal Diseases and Fractures (to YX)

摘要:

文题释义:
颈椎间盘退变:是颈椎病患者神经根或脊髓受压迫导致临床症状产生最常见原因,影像学可表现为椎间隙高度丢失、节段失稳或活动度丢失,颈椎核磁主要表现为T2加权像髓核信号降低,间盘突出压迫脊髓或神经根;组织学改变主要包括水分丢失、细胞外基质降解及蛋白多糖减少等。
颈椎成骨性退变:是颈椎退变常见的表现之一,在椎间盘退变的同时,病变节段周围韧带发生骨化或钩椎关节、小关节增生,最终形成局部骨化灶,或进一步加重神经压迫损伤,增加手术减压风险;临床中常见的成骨性退变包括:后纵韧带骨化、黄韧带骨化、钩椎关节增生、关节突关节增生、椎体缘骨刺及人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化等。

背景:病变椎间盘周围成骨性退变可加重神经压迫,增加手术风险。但目前国内外对临床颈椎成骨性退变患者间盘组织学的改变及潜在成骨机制鲜有报道。
目的:对颈椎成骨性退变患者病变椎间盘进行组织学观察,并初步探索局部骨化灶潜在形成机制。
方法:临床筛选颈椎病手术治疗患者,术中收集手术节段病变椎间盘组织,根据术前颈椎X射线片及CT检测将所有椎间盘样本分为成骨组和非成骨组。对两组样本进行苏木精-伊红染色、Masson三色染色及番红O固绿软骨染色比较椎间盘组织学差异;通过免疫组织化学方法并进行半定量检测比较两组椎间盘及骨赘样本中转化生长因子β1及其下游p-Smad2/3的表达水平。
结果与结论:①椎间盘样本可明确区分外层纤维环、内层纤维环及髓核,骨化样本中均可明确观察到成熟的骨小梁及骨髓腔;②组织学上,成骨组椎间盘内细胞数量显著多于非成骨组(P < 0.05);但基质中蛋白多糖含量显著低于非成骨组(P < 0.05);③转化生长因子β1/Smad2/3在所有椎间盘及骨赘组织中均可见;④成骨组转化生长因子β1、p-Smad2及p-Smad3在局部的含量均显著高于非成骨组(P < 0.05);⑤结果显示,与非成骨性退变相比,颈椎成骨性退变患者的椎间盘组织退变更为严重;局部微环境中更高含量的转化生长因子β1对成骨性退变或具有促进作用,而下游活化的p-Smad2/3对成骨的作用存在差异。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9977-5866 (熊洋) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 颈椎病, 颈椎间盘, 椎间盘退变, 成骨性退变, 骨赘, 组织学, 转化生长因子β1, Smad2/3

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical degenerative ossification may aggravate nerve compression in patients with cervical degenerative disease, and also make the decompression procedure more challenging. However, the accompanied histological changes of the intervertebral disc and the underlying mechanism of degenerative ossification have not yet been documented.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the histological features of the cervical disc in patient with cervical degenerative ossification and the underlying mechanisms of local ossification. 
METHODS: Patients with cervical spondylosis undergoing surgical treatment were selected from the clinical practice, and cervical disc samples were harvested during the surgical process. Based on preoperative cervical X-ray and computed tomography (CT) examinations, all the disc samples were divided into ossification group and non-ossification group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining and Safranin O-fast green staining were used to compare the histological differences between the two groups. Furthermore, for the expression of transforming growth factor-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 in the disc and osteophyte samples, a semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry method was used to compare the difference between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the disc tissues could be clearly divided into the outer annulus fibrosus, the inner annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus. Mature trabeculae and bone marrow cavities were detected in all ossification samples. Histologically, the number of disc cells in the ossification group was significantly higher than that of the non-ossification group (P < 0.05). However, the content of proteoglycan in the matrix was significantly lower than that in the non-ossification group (P < 0.05). Transforming growth factor β1/Smad2/3 was detected in all the disc and osteophyte tissues. Local content of transforming growth factor β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 in the ossification group was significantly higher than that of the non-ossification group (P < 0.05). All the findings indicate that, compared with the non-ossification group, cervical degenerative ossification in patients in the ossification group is more severe. Higher expression of transforming growth factor β1 in the local microenvironment may promote the development of degenerative ossification. However, downstream-activated p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 may play different roles in the development of degenerative ossification.

Key words: cervical spondylosis, cervical intervertebral disc, intervertebral disc degeneration, degenerative ossification, osteophyte, histology, transforming growth factor β1, Smad2/3

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