中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (33): 5254-5258.doi: 10.12307/2021.310

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

单一前路与前后联合入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折的力学分布差异

古金山,杨朝晖,栗树伟   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市   030001
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-18 修回日期:2021-01-20 接受日期:2021-03-10 出版日期:2021-11-28 发布日期:2021-08-02
  • 通讯作者: 杨朝晖,博士,主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:古金山,男,1994年生,山西省太原市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师。

Mechanical difference between anterior approach and anterior combined with posterior approach in the treatment of acetabular both-column fractures

Gu Jinshan, Yang Chaohui, Li Shuwei#br#

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  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-01-18 Revised:2021-01-20 Accepted:2021-03-10 Online:2021-11-28 Published:2021-08-02
  • Contact: Yang Chaohui, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Gu Jinshan, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
髋臼双柱骨折:为Judet-Letournel分型中的一种类型,在AO分型中的典型类型是c1.2型骨折,前柱多段骨折延伸至髂嵴,超过一半的患者有较大的后柱骨折。
死亡冠:是Stoppa或改良Stoppa入路中经常遇到的血管,位于耻骨联合外4-6 cm处,关于其来源尚无统一定论,目前为止大多数学者认为“死亡冠”是闭孔血管与髂外或腹壁下动静脉的异常吻合支。由于“死亡冠”两端连接着大血管系统,在经前入路行髋臼手术时应当警惕。
背景:对于移位较大的髋臼双柱骨折,手术是其治疗的金标准,但目前针对髋臼双柱骨折的手术治疗方式存在较大争议,尚无一致定论。
目的:利用有限元方法建立髋臼双柱骨折内固定有限元模型,分析比较单一前路与前后联合入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折时力学分布差异性,从力学角度为临床治疗提供新思路。
方法:选取1名成年男性志愿者进行骨盆CT扫描,将CT扫描得到的骨盆髋臼数据导入Mimics,Geomagics和Hypermesh等软件对其进行处理,并在ABAQUS中分别建立髋臼双柱骨折模型、单一前路固定髋臼双柱骨折及前后联合入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折内固定有限元模型,比较在两种不同内固定方式时,髋臼双柱骨折内固定系统的生物力学差异性。
结果与结论:①在两种髋臼双柱骨折内固定模型中,髋臼的应变位移量无显著差异;②单一前路固定髋臼双柱骨折模型中,最大应力集中在髋臼前柱、髋臼顶及四方区;③前后联合入路固定髋臼双柱骨折模型中,应力均匀分布,最大应力集中在髋臼顶,四方区应力明显减小;④单一前路固定髋臼双柱骨折模型的股骨颈最大应力大于前后联合入路固定髋臼双柱骨折模型;⑤结果表明,在单一前路固定髋臼双柱骨折模型中,后柱未产生额外应力,但在四方区及股骨颈应力更加集中,且大于前后联合入路固定模型;因此对于经前路固定稳定的髋臼双柱骨折,不需要额外经后路固定髋臼后柱,但对于有创伤性股骨头坏死倾向、下肢力线畸形、骨质疏松老年患者或极度肥胖患者,采用前后联合入路方式为佳。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 髋臼, 骨折, 骨折固定术, 内, 生物力学, 有限元分析, 双柱, 前入路, 联合入路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of both-column acetabular fractures with large displacement, but the surgical treatment for both-column acetabular fractures is controversial and there is no consensus.  
OBJECTIVE: The finite element model of acetabular both-column internal fixation was established by using the finite element method to analyze and compare the difference of mechanical distribution between anterior approach and anterior combined with posterior approach in the treatment of acetabular both-column fractures, and to provide new ideas for clinical treatment from the perspective of mechanics.
METHODS:  An adult male was selected to undergo pelvic CT scan. The CT scan data of pelvic acetabulum were imported into Mimics, Geomagics and Hypermesh software for processing. Acetabular both-column fracture model and finite element models of single fixed anterior acetabular both-column fractures and anterior combined with posterior approach in the treatment of acetabular both-column fractures were established in the ABAQUS. The biomechanical differences of the internal fixation system for acetabular both-column fractures under two different internal fixation methods were compared.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in the amount of acetabular strain displacement between the two types of acetabular both-column fracture internal fixation models. (2) In the model of acetabular both-column fracture with single anterior fixation, the maximum stress was concentrated in the anterior acetabular column, the top of the acetabulum and the quadripartite area. (3) In the model of acetabular both-column fracture fixed by anterior combined with posterior approach, the stress was evenly distributed; the maximum stress was concentrated at the top of the acetabulum, and the stress in the quadripartite area was significantly reduced. (4) The maximum stress of femoral neck in the model of acetabular both-column fracture fixed by a single anterior approach was greater than that in the model of acetabular both-column fracture fixed by a combined anterior and posterior approach. (5) The results indicate that in the acetabular both-column fracture model with a single anterior fixation, no additional stress was observed in the posterior column, but the stress was more concentrated in the quadrisquare zone and the neck of the femur, and more than in the model with combined anterior and posterior approach. Thus, the additional posterior fixation of the posterior acetabular column is not necessary for the stabilization of the acetabular both-column fracture by anterior fixation. However, for the elderly patients with traumatic femoral head necrosis tendency, lower limb line deformity, osteoporosis or extreme obesity, the combination of anterior and posterior approach is preferred.

Key words: ">acetabulum,  , ">fractures, fracture fixation, internal, biomechanics, finite element analysis, both-column, anterior approach, combined approach

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