中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (27): 4310-4316.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2803

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

个体化开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的优势

俞颖豪,赵继军,刘冬铖,周子红,吴沼锋,冯德宏   

  1. 南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院骨科,江苏省无锡市  214000
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-16 修回日期:2019-12-19 接受日期:2020-01-20 出版日期:2020-09-28 发布日期:2020-09-07
  • 通讯作者: 赵继军,博士,主任医师,南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院骨科,江苏省无锡市 214000
  • 作者简介:俞颖豪,男,1994年生,江苏省苏州市人,汉族,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事膝关节骨性关节炎的基础与临床研究。

Advantages of individualized open wedge high tibial osteotomy in treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis

Yu Yinghao, Zhao Jijun, Liu Dongcheng, Zhou Zihong, Wu Zhaofeng, Feng Dehong   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2019-12-16 Revised:2019-12-19 Accepted:2020-01-20 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-09-07
  • Contact: Zhao Jijun, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Yu Yinghao, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

开放楔形胫骨高位截骨:是一种治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎合并膝内翻的保膝术式。通过胫骨近端内侧切口,在水平面、冠状面双截骨后,进行楔形撑开、钢板固定。其治疗意义在于将内翻的下肢力线转移至相对正常的膝外侧,以缓解内侧症状,延长关节寿命,延缓骨关节炎进展,甚至避免关节假体置换。

个体化力线矫形:根据膝骨关节炎的多阶段性,针对不同退变程度的膝内侧间室,施行不同的力线矫形方案。通过术前规划截骨后的楔形撑开角度或距离,可以将内翻的下肢力线矫正至中线或偏外侧,以达到临床治疗效果。

背景:开放楔形胫骨高位截骨对于内侧间室膝骨关节炎合并膝内翻患者疗效明确,但目前关于力线矫正点的选择仍以Fujisawa点作为参考,个体化力线矫形是否能获得更优越的临床疗效?

目的:探讨开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术中个体化下肢力线矫形治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的短期疗效。

方法选择20166月至20185月无锡市人民医院骨科因内侧间室膝骨关节炎行开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗的46例患者。根据X射线片、MRI综合评估患膝并划分退变等级(-Ⅲ级),其中Ⅰ,Ⅱ级患者随机分为个体化组及对照组,每组16例;14例Ⅲ级患者作为Fujisawa组。个体化组轻度退变Ⅰ级矫正下肢力线至胫骨平台50%点,中度退变Ⅱ级矫正至胫骨平台外侧55%点;对照组、Fujisawa组均矫正力线至62.5%点。测量评估术后下肢力线,比较术前、术后膝关节活动度、股胫角、胫骨近端内侧角;随访术前及术后3612个月患膝的美国特种外科医院评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数,比较患者术后综合满意度的自评分。

结果与结论:①所有患者均获得12个月随访;②3组下肢力线矫形结果满意,术后膝关节活动度、胫骨近端内侧角较术前明显增加,股胫角明显减少(P < 0.05);③随着随访时间延长,3组患者的美国特种外科医院评分显著增加,西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数显著减少,组内不同时点差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);个体化组术后3,6个月美国特种外科医院评分高于对照组,西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);个体化组及对照组术后12个月美国特种外科医院评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④所有患者对手术矫形效果满意,个体化组术后综合满意评分高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,个体化开放楔形胫骨高位截骨通过准确地力线矫形,有利于膝关节早期功能恢复,提升患者满意度。

ORCID: 0000-0003-0566-2858(俞颖豪)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝关节, 内侧间室, 骨关节炎, 膝内翻, 开放楔形胫骨高位截骨, 个体化, 下肢力线, 矫形

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Open wedge high tibial osteotomy can achieve significant clinical efficacy for patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and genu varus. However, Fujisawa point has been recognized as a reference for the correction of lower limb alignment. Can individualized orthopedics in lower limb alignment obtain better clinical efficacy?

OBJECTIVE: To explore short-term efficacy of individualized orthopedics in lower limb alignment for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis through open wedge high tibial osteotomy.

METHODS: Totally 46 patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis treated by open wedge high tibial osteotomy from June 2016 to May 2018 in Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital were enrolled in this study. X-ray and MRI were used to evaluate the knee and I-III degeneration grades were classified. Patients at Grade I and II were randomly divided into individualized orthopedics group and control group with 16 cases in each group. Patients at grade III were classified as Fujisawa group with 14 cases. In the individualized orthopedics group, mild grade I and moderate grade II respectively corrected lower limb alignment to 50% and 55% of lateral tibial plateau, while control group and Fujisawa group all corrected the alignment to 62.5% point. Postoperative lower limb alignment, pre- and post-operative range of motion, femoral-tibial angle and medial proximal tibial angle of the knee were measured and evaluated. The hospital for special surgery score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index score were followed up before operation, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation, while postoperative self-satisfaction of patients was also compared.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for 12 months. (2) Three groups achieved satisfactory lower limb alignment. Range of motion and medial proximal tibial angle increased and femoral-tibial angle decreased at postoperative stage (P < 0.05). (3) Over time, hospital for special surgery scores increased and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index scores decreased statistically in three groups (P < 0.05). Compared to control group, hospital for special surgery scores of the individualized orthopedics group were improved 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05), while Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index scores of the individualized orthopedics group decreased significantly 3 and 6 months after operation (P < 0.05). There were no obvious differences in hospital for special surgery and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index scores at 12 months between the control and individualized orthopedics groups (P > 0.05). (4) All patients were satisfied with the surgical efficacy. Postoperative self-satisfaction scores of individualized orthopedics group were superior to that of control group (P < 0.05). (5) According to the results, individualized open wedge high tibial osteotomy is benefit to obtain early functional rehabilitation of the knee through accurate correction of lower limb alignment. It can also improve patient satisfaction.

Key words: knee joint, medial compartment, osteoarthritis, genu varus, open wedge high tibial osteotomy, individualized, lower limb alignment, orthopedics

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