中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (35): 5180-5186.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.35.002

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

有限元法分析全膝关节置换对胫骨近端骨重建的影响

王海羽,王 挺   

  1. 南阳市中心医院骨一科,河南省南阳市 473000
  • 修回日期:2016-06-21 出版日期:2016-08-26 发布日期:2016-08-26
  • 作者简介:王海羽,男,1977年生,河南省南阳市人,汉族,2002年郑州大学毕业,主治医师,主要从事关节外科方面的研究。

Effects of total knee arthroplasty on proximal tibial reconstruction using finite element analysis

Wang Hai-yu, Wang Ting   

  1. First Department of Orthopedics, Nanyang City Center Hospital, Nanyang 473000, Henan Province, China
  • Revised:2016-06-21 Online:2016-08-26 Published:2016-08-26
  • About author:Wang Hai-yu, Attending physician, First Department of Orthopedics, Nanyang City Center Hospital, Nanyang 473000, Henan Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
 

 

文题释义:
骨重建:是指骨组织的形态和密度随着生物力学环境的改变而改变的生理行为。在载荷较高的区域,骨的质量和密度发生增长;而在载荷较低的区域,骨的质量和密度发生下降。骨组织这种用则变强、废则变弱的特征体现了其对生物力学环境的适应性,从而能够在特定的力学环境下用最少的骨量实现最大的承载能力。当骨处于不利的外力环境中时,它的形态和密度会随之发生异常的改变,例如失重环境导致的骨质疏松、植入物引起的应力遮挡等。
膝关节融合:适合于年轻患者、膝关节骨关节炎比较严重、单发性关节炎、全膝关节置换失败者,该方法无法下蹲,对生活上造成不便,不建议常规应用。
 
摘要
背景:关于全膝关节置换生物力学方面的研究比较多,但有关有限元分析全膝关节置换对胫骨近端骨重建影响的研究不多。
目的:有限元法分析全膝关节置换对胫骨近端骨重建的影响。
方法:设计两种材料的膝关节模型,一种为胶原蛋白和钛合金复合材料的功能梯度材料模型,一种为钛合金材料模型,分别建立2种假体材料的胫骨-膝关节假体模型,分析膝关节置换后胫骨近端骨密度分布、胫骨内侧和胫骨外侧的最大应力值、胫骨内侧与假体交界处以及胫骨外侧与假体交界处的最大应力值。
结果与结论:①全膝关节置换后胫骨近端骨密度分布:膝关节假体柄和胫骨平台交界处的胫骨内侧和胫骨外侧的骨密度均比初始状态下降,其中钛合金-胶原蛋白假体模型的应力遮挡作用较钛合金组弱。而假体柄末端胫骨的骨密度较胫骨内侧和胫骨外侧明显增加,出现应力集中现象,其中钛合金假体模型的最大应力较钛合金-胶原蛋白假体模型大;②胫骨内侧和胫骨外侧最大应力:钛合金-胶原蛋白假体模型较钛合金假体模型低,2种假体模型的股骨外侧最大应力值均小于胫骨内侧;③胫骨内侧、胫骨外侧与假体交界处的最大应力:钛合金-胶原蛋白假体模型的应力分布比较均匀;而钛合金假体模型的应力分布出现波动,在托盘和假体柄交界处、假体柄末端等地方出现应力集中现象,2种假体模型的胫骨外侧与假体交界处最大应力值小于胫骨内侧与假体交界处;④结果表明,全膝关节置换后,膝关节假体对胫骨有一定的应力遮挡作用,钛合金-胶原蛋白假体材料假体的应力遮挡作用比钛合金假体弱,能够提高胫骨所承担的应力。

 

ORCID: 0000-0003-3798-4501(王海羽)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 数字化骨科, 全膝关节置换, 胫骨, 近端, 骨重建, 有限元分析, 钛合金, 胶原蛋白, 假体

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The studies about biomechanics of total knee arthroplasty were more, but the research on finite element analysis of the effect of total knee arthroplasty on proximal tibial reconstruction was not much.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of total knee arthroplasty on proximal tibial reconstruction using finite element analysis.
METHODS: We designed knee models of two materials: one was functionally graded material models of collagen and titanium composite materials; another was titanium alloy material model. We created two prosthesis material tibia-knee prosthesis model, and analyzed bone density distribution of proximal tibia, the maximum stress value of the medial tibia and the lateral tibia, and the maximum stress value of medial tibia and prosthesis junction, as well as lateral tibia and prosthesis junction after knee arthroplasty.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bone density of proximal tibia after total knee arthroplasty: The bone density of the knee prosthesis handle with medial and lateral tibia at the junction of tibial plateau was decreased than that of the initial state. Stress shielding effect was lower in collagen and titanium composite materials of functionally graded material models than that of titanium alloy material model. The bone density of shank end of the tibial prosthesis was obviously increased compared with the medial and lateral tibia, showing stress concentration. (2) The maximum stress value of the medial and the lateral tibia: The maximum stress value of the medial and the lateral tibia in collagen and titanium composite models was lower than that of titanium alloy material model. The maximum stress values of the lateral tibia of collagen and titanium composite models and titanium alloy material model were lower than that of medial tibia. (3) The maximum stress of medial tibia, lateral tibia and prosthesis junction: The stress distribution of collagen and titanium composite models was relatively uniform. The stress distribution of titanium alloy material model showed fluctuation. Stress concentration appeared in pallets and prosthesis junction and the shank end of the prosthesis. The maximum stress values of lateral tibia and prosthesis junction of collagen and titanium composite models and titanium alloy material model were lower than that of medial tibia and prosthesis junction. (4) These findings showed that knee prosthesis has a certain stress shielding effect on tibia after total knee arthroplasty. The stress shielding effect of collagen and titanium composite material prosthesis was lower than titanium alloy material prosthesis, and could improve tibial incurred stress. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Tibia, Bone Remodeling, Finite Element Analysis, Prosthesis Implantation, Tissue Engineering

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