中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1616-1623.doi: 10.12307/2026.520

• 骨髓干细胞 bone marrow stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体联合转化生长因子β1对巨噬细胞的作用

宋浦蓁1,马贺宾1,陈宏广2,章亚东2   

  1. 1解放军医学院,北京市  100853;2解放军总医院第四医学中心骨科医学部,北京市  100048
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-02 修回日期:2025-03-05 接受日期:2025-03-19 出版日期:2026-03-08 发布日期:2025-08-17
  • 通讯作者: 章亚东,博士,教授,解放军总医院第四医学中心骨科医学部,北京市 100048
  • 作者简介:宋浦蓁,男,1991年生,辽宁省盘锦市人,汉族,解放军医学院在读硕士,主治医师,主要从外泌体、软骨损伤、生物工程材料等方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82072451),项目负责人:章亚东;北京市科技计划课题经费(Z221100007422014),项目负责人:章亚东

Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with transforming growth factor beta 1 on macrophages

Song Puzhen1, Ma Hebin1, Chen Hongguang2, Zhang Yadong2   

  1. 1Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China; 2Department of Orthopedic Medicine, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-03-05 Accepted:2025-03-19 Online:2026-03-08 Published:2025-08-17
  • Contact: Zhang Yadong, MD, Professor, Department of Orthopedic Medicine, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • About author:Song Puzhen, Master candidate, Attending physician, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82072451 (to ZYD); Beijing Science and Technology Plan Project Funds, No. Z221100007422014 (to ZYD)

摘要:

文题释义:

巨噬细胞极化:是指巨噬细胞在不同环境刺激下分化为具有特定功能的2种主要亚型:M1型和M2型巨噬细胞。M1型巨噬细胞主要参与促炎反应,释放如白细胞介素6和白细胞介素1β等炎性因子,而M2型巨噬细胞主要参与抗炎和组织修复,释放如白细胞介素10和CD163等抗炎因子。在文章中,巨噬细胞极化是研究核心,通过联合使用骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体和转化生长因子β1,促进M1型巨噬细胞向M2型巨噬细胞的转化,从而减轻骨关节炎的炎症反应。
骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体:是由骨髓间充质干细胞分泌的一种纳米级囊泡,平均直径约为115 nm,携带多种生物活性分子,如蛋白质、脂质、mRNA和miRNA。在文章中,骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体被巨噬细胞内吞后,显著促进M1型巨噬细胞向M2型巨噬细胞的转化。

摘要
背景:骨关节炎是一种由多因素引起的退行性疾病,研究发现巨噬细胞极化在骨关节炎中起着重要作用,M1型巨噬细胞释放促炎因子,促进骨关节炎的发展,M2型巨噬细胞产生抗炎因子,抑制骨关节炎的发展。
目的:探究骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体联合转化生长因子β1对巨噬细胞极化的影响,探讨治疗骨关节炎的新方法。
方法:采用差速离心法提取骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体,通过透射电镜、粒径分析和Western blot检测相关蛋白表达进行鉴定。使用骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体、转化生长因子β1单独或联合处理巨噬细胞24 h,以未干预巨噬细胞为对照组,运用共聚焦显微镜观察骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体在巨噬细胞内的分布情况,采用RT-PCR、ELISA、Western blot实验评估巨噬细胞极化的效果。

结果与结论:①骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体呈新月形,平均粒径约115 nm,表达特异性蛋白CD63;②与对照组相比,其他组抗炎因子白细胞介素10、CD163表达增多,促炎因子白细胞介素6、白细胞介素1β表达减少,骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体+转化生长因子β1组效果最显著(P < 0.001)。结果表明,骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体与转化生长因子β1的联合应用能更有效地促进M1型巨噬细胞向M2型巨噬细胞极化。

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9218-0027(宋浦蓁)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 骨关节炎, 骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体, 转化生长因子β1, 巨噬细胞极化, M1型巨噬细胞, M2型巨噬细胞, 促炎因子, 抗炎因子

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease caused by multiple factors. Studies have found that macrophage polarization plays an important role in osteoarthritis. M1 macrophages release pro-inflammatory factors to promote the development of osteoarthritis, while M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit the development of osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with transforming growth factor β1 on the polarization of macrophages, and explore a new method for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were extracted by differential centrifugal method and identified by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and western blot assay. Macrophages were treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, transforming growth factor β1, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes + transforming growth factor β1 for 24 hours. The macrophages without intervention were used as the control group. The distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in macrophages was observed by confocal microscopy. The effect of macrophage polarization was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot assay.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were crescent-shaped, with average particle size of about 115 nm. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes expressed the specific protein CD63. (2) Compared with the control group, the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10 and CD163 increased in the other three groups, and the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β decreased, and the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes + transforming growth factor β1 group were the most significant (P < 0.001). The results show that the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and transforming growth factor β1 more effectively promotes the polarization of M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages.


Key words: em cell-derived exosome, transforming growth factor β1, macrophage polarization, M1 macrophage, M2 macrophage, pro-inflammatory factor, anti-inflamm

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