中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (35): 9143-9150.doi: 10.12307/2026.284

• 软骨组织构建 cartilage tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

生理渗透压对软骨分化和细胞外基质代谢的影响

陈奕达,程歆怡,赵  环,周熙超,顾巧丽,林  潇,施  勤   

  1. 苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,苏州大学骨科研究所,江苏省苏州市   215006
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-04 修回日期:2026-03-18 出版日期:2026-12-18 发布日期:2026-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 施勤,博士,教授,苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,苏州大学骨科研究所,江苏省苏州市 215006
  • 作者简介:陈奕达,男,2000年生,甘肃省白银市人,汉族,2025年苏州大学毕业,主要从事骨关节炎研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82172485),项目负责人:施勤;国家自然科学基金面上项目(32371385),项目负责人:林潇

Effects of physiological osmotic pressure on chondrocyte differentiation and extracellular matrix metabolism

Chen Yida, Cheng Xinyi, Zhao Huan, Zhou Xichao, Gu Qiaoli, Lin Xiao, Shi Qin   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-11-04 Revised:2026-03-18 Online:2026-12-18 Published:2026-04-25
  • Contact: Shi Qin, MD, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Chen Yida, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 82172485 (to SQ); National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 32371385 (to LX)

摘要:


文题释义:
生理渗透压:指软骨细胞外基质中溶质微粒(如蛋白聚糖、离子)与水分子相互作用形成的渗透张力,是维持软骨稳态的核心生物力学参数。
细胞外基质代谢:指软骨中胶原(Ⅱ、Ⅸ、Ⅺ型)、蛋白聚糖等大分子的合成与降解动态平衡过程。

背景:力学微环境紊乱与渗透压稳态崩溃共同驱动了骨关节炎产生和进展的恶性循环,持续的渗透压异常不仅破坏软骨细胞的稳态,还会显著抑制骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞的分化能力,从而削弱软骨的再生潜能,加速关节软骨退行性变。
目的:建立病理渗透压诱导模型进行渗透压干预实验,揭示渗透压对骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化及对软骨细胞基质代谢的影响,以及关节腔渗透压失衡在骨关节炎发病机制中的作用。
方法:分离培养6-8周龄大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,培养至第3代。复苏第3代大鼠软骨细胞并扩增培养。通过在培养基中加入NaCl溶液制备生理性或病理性的渗透压调节液,并通过CCK-8检测其生物相容性。在骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化诱导培养基中加入不同渗透压调节液干预7 d或14 d。通过番红O染色鉴定软骨标志物糖胺聚糖的分泌情况,使用qRT-PCR检测软骨合成相关基因的表达,检测白细胞介素1β炎症诱导后生理性或病理性渗透压调节液对软骨细胞合成及分解代谢的影响,进一步使用RNA-seq检测生理渗透压组和病理渗透压组的差异表达基因并进行富集分析。
结果与结论:①成功分离并培养了第3代骨髓间充质干细胞,同时成功复苏并扩增了第3代软骨细胞;②CCK-8检测结果显示,制备的病理性和生理性渗透压调节液均具有良好的生物相容性;③番红O染色结果提示,在第7天和第14天时,生理渗透压组的成软骨能力较病理渗透压组显著增强;④qRT-PCR结果进一步表明,与白细胞介素1β组和病理渗透压组比较,生理渗透压组可显著上调软骨合成相关基因聚蛋白聚糖和Ⅱ型胶原α1的表达,同时下调分解代谢相关基因基质金属蛋白酶13和基质金属蛋白酶3;⑤RNA-seq结果显示,在生理渗透压条件下,多个与骨关节炎发病相关的分子和信号通路被明显下调。
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3097-3705 (陈奕达) ;https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2971-8780 (施勤) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 骨关节炎, 关节液渗透压, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 成软骨诱导, 软骨细胞, 生理渗透压, 病理渗透压

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The vicious cycle of osteoarthritis initiation and progression is driven by the combined effects of mechanical microenvironment disruption and collapse of osmotic pressure homeostasis. Sustained abnormal osmotic pressure disrupts chondrocyte homeostasis and markedly impairs the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into chondrocytes. Consequently, this compromises the regenerative capacity of cartilage and accelerates the degeneration of articular cartilage.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a pathological osmotic pressure model for use in osmotic intervention experiments, in order to investigate the effects of osmotic pressure on chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocyte matrix metabolism, and to explore the role of imbalanced osmotic pressure within the joint cavity in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from 6- to 8-week-old rats and cultured to the third passage. Third-passage rat chondrocytes were revived and performed expansion culture. Physiological or pathological osmotic pressure regulating solutions were prepared by adding NaCl to the culture medium, and their biocompatibility was assessed via cell counting kit-8 assays. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were treated with different osmotic pressure regulating solutions in chondrogenic induction medium for 7 or 14 days. Safranin O staining was used to identify the secretion of glycosaminoglycan (a cartilage marker). qRT-PCR was performed to detect expression of genes related to cartilage synthesis. The effects of physiological or pathological osmotic pressure regulating solution on chondrocyte anabolism and catabolism were further evaluated after interleukin-1β inflammation induction. Furthermore, RNA-seq was employed to identify differentially expressed genes between the physiological and pathological osmotic pressure groups and an enrichment analysis was performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Third-passage bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated and cultured, and third-passage chondrocytes were successfully revived and expanded. (2) Cell counting kit-8 assay demonstrated that these physiological and pathological osmotic pressure regulating solutions exhibited good biocompatibility. (3) Safranin O staining indicated that the chondrogenic capacity of the physiological osmotic pressure group was significantly enhanced compared to the pathological osmotic pressure group on both day 7 and day 14. (4) qRT-PCR further confirmed that compared with the interleukin 1β group and the pathological osmotic pressure group, the physiological osmotic pressure group could significantly upregulate the expression of cartilage synthesis-related genes aggrecan and collagen type II α1 chain, while downregulating the catabolism-related genes matrix metalloproteinase 13 and matrix metalloproteinase 3. (5) RNA sequencing results revealed that under physiological osmotic conditions, the expression of multiple molecules and signaling pathways associated with osteoarthritis pathogenesis was markedly suppressed. 

Key words: osteoarthritis, osmotic pressure of joint fluid, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, chondrogenic induction, chondrocytes, physiological osmotic pressure, pathological osmotic pressure

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