中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9041-9047.doi: 10.12307/2026.819

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

m6A甲基化在肌少症中的关键作用

李嘉彤1,梁松林1,刘润嘉2,李念虎1,3   

  1. 1山东中医药大学,山东省济南市  250014;2中国中医科学院广安门医院,北京市  100032;3山东中医药大学附属医院,山东省济南市  250014
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-01 修回日期:2025-12-08 出版日期:2026-12-08 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 李念虎,博士,教授,博士生导师,主任医师,山东中医药大学,山东省济南市 250014;山东中医药大学附属医院,山东省济南市 250014
  • 作者简介:李嘉彤,男,2002年生,山东省济南市人,汉族,主要从事肌少症、骨质疏松症、脊柱退行性病变研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MH063),项目负责人:李念虎;徐展望全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目
    (国中医药人教函[2022]75号),项目负责人:李念虎

Key role of m6A methylation in sarcopenia

Li Jiatong1, Liang Songlin1, Liu Runjia2, Li Nianhu1, 3   

  1. 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China; 2Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100032, China; 3Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China

  • Received:2025-08-01 Revised:2025-12-08 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-15
  • Contact: Li Nianhu, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Li Jiatong, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project, No. ZR2023MH063 (to LNH); Xu Zhanwang National Famous Veteran Traditional Chinese Medicine Experts Inheritance Studio Construction Project, No. [2022]75 (to LNH) 

摘要:



文题释义:
m6A甲基化:即 N6-甲基腺苷修饰,是真核生物mRNA等RNA分子中最常见的表观遗传修饰,由甲基转移酶添加、去甲基化酶移除,具动态可逆性。m6A甲基化可调控RNA剪接、翻译、稳定性等,参与胚胎发育、免疫应答等生理过程,m6A甲基化异常与癌症、神经退行性疾病等关联,是当前表观遗传学研究热点。
肌少症:是一种以进行性肌肉量减少、力量和/或功能下降为特征的综合征,多与衰老、缺乏运动、蛋白质摄入不足等相关。肌少症表现为肌肉无力、易跌倒、躯体活动能力减弱,早期可通过抗阻训练、补充优质蛋白等预防,是老龄化社会需重点关注的健康问题。

背景:表观遗传学调控机制,尤其是m6A甲基化,在肌细胞增殖、分化及疾病发生中的作用日益受到关注,但m6A甲基化在肌少症中的多维度作用机制缺少系统整合。
目的:探讨m6A甲基化在肌少症发生发展中的关键作用,综述m6A甲基化修饰相关调控因子参与肌少症病理进程的最新研究进展。
方法:以“m6A甲基化,N6-甲基腺嘌呤,肌少症,肌肉萎缩,肌肉再生,肌肉,骨骼肌”为中文关键词,“m6A RNA methylation,sarcopenia,skeletal muscle,muscle mass loss”为英文关键词,检索中国知网和PubMed数据库,筛选近年高质量文献,归纳m6A甲基化在肌少症中的作用机制及相关信号通路。
结果与结论:m6A甲基化通过动态可逆的调控网络(甲基化酶甲基转移酶样蛋白3/甲基转移酶样蛋白14、去甲基化酶肥胖相关蛋白/α-酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶同系物5、阅读蛋白YTH结构域包含蛋白1/YTH结构域家族蛋白2等)参与肌少症病理进程。m6A甲基化通过调控卫星细胞、泛素-蛋白酶体系统、非编码RNA等影响骨骼肌细胞的增殖、分化等过程。多数研究基于细胞模型或动物实验,临床样本验证及转化应用研究较少,m6A相关因子作为肌少症诊断标志物或治疗靶点的可行性需进一步验证。
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6010-346X(李嘉彤)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: m6A甲基化, 肌少症, 骨骼肌, 卫星细胞, 蛋白代谢, 非编码RNA

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, especially N6 methyladenine (m6A) RNA modification, in muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, and disease development is increasingly being studied. However, the multidimensional mechanism of m6A methylation in sarcopenia still needs to be systematically integrated.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the key role of m6A methylation in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia, and to review the latest research progress on the involvement of m6A related regulatory factors in the pathological process of sarcopenia. 
METHODS: Using “m6A methylation, N6 methyladenine, sarcopenia, muscle atrophy, muscle regeneration, muscle, skeletal muscle” as Chinese keywords, and “m6A RNA methylation, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, muscle mass loss”, as English keywords, CNKI and PubMed were searched to screen high-quality literature in recent years, and the mechanism of action and related signaling pathways of m6A methylation in sarcopenia were summarized. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: m6A methylation participated in the pathological process of sarcopenia through a dynamically reversible regulatory network (N6-adenosine-methyltransferase 70 kDa subunit (METTL3)/METTL14, fat mass and obesity associated protein FTO/ AlkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase ALKBH5, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein C1 (YTHDC1)/YTHDF2). m6A methylation affected the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells by regulating mechanisms such as satellite cells, ubiquitin proteasome system, and non-coding RNA. Most studies are based on cell models or animal experiments, with limited research on clinical sample validation and translational applications. The feasibility of m6A-related factors as diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets for sarcopenia needs further validation.  


Key words: m6A methylation, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, satellite cells, protein metabolism, non-coding RNA

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