中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8230-8236.doi: 10.12307/2026.829

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗病毒感染性疾病的安全性和稳定性及作用机制

何锦雯1,李  晋1,2   

  1. 1遵义医科大学贵州省教育厅传染病与生物安全重点实验室,贵州省遵义市  563006;2遵义医科大学基础医学院,贵州省遵义市  563006
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25 接受日期:2026-01-06 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 李晋,副教授,硕士生导师,遵义医科大学贵州省教育厅传染病与生物安全重点实验室,贵州省遵义市 563006;遵义医科大学基础医学院,贵州省遵义市 563006
  • 作者简介:何锦雯,女,2000年生,江西省宜春市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事间充质干细胞来源外泌体的抗病毒作用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金委员会地区项目(82360859),项目负责人:李晋;贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般287),项目负责人:李晋

Safety, stability, and action mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in treatment of viral infectious diseases

He Jinwen1, Li Jin1, 2   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China; 2School of Preclinical Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-25 Accepted:2026-01-06 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-05-25
  • Contact: Li Jin, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China; School of Preclinical Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:He Jinwen, MS candidate, Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Project), No. 82360859 (to LJ); Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program Project, No. ZK[2024]287 (to LJ)

摘要:

文题释义:

间充质干细胞来源外泌体:是由间充质干细胞分泌的一种细胞外囊泡,可携带多种抗病毒活性成分,通过多种机制协同发挥抗病毒作用。
病毒感染性疾病:是由病毒侵入宿主后,在体内生长、繁殖并引发一系列免疫反应和病理变化的疾病。由于病毒具有高度变异性以及潜伏感染的特点,难以实现长效精准治疗,因此迫切需要寻找新的治疗策略。

摘要
背景:病毒感染性疾病是全球公共卫生领域的重大难题之一,现有的抗病毒治疗方法存在许多不足,需要进一步探寻潜在可行的新型治疗策略。
目的:总结概括间充质干细胞来源外泌体在病毒感染性疾病中的作用机制、研究进展及存在的问题。
方法:选取“mesenchymal stem cells,exosomes,mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,viruses,viral infectious diseases,antiviral effect,Immunomodulation”以及“间充质干细胞,外泌体,间充质干细胞来源外泌体,病毒,病毒感染性疾病,抗病毒作用,免疫调节”为检索关键词,全面检索了PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、中国知网、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库和万方数据库收录的相关文献。制定纳入和排除标准,通过阅读文献标题、摘要及全文内容进行筛选,最终纳入63篇相关文献。
结果与结论:文章从间充质干细胞来源外泌体的生物发生和组成结构出发,详细探讨了外泌体的形成与释放机制以及组成成分(如蛋白质、脂质和miRNA等)治疗病毒感染性疾病的潜在作用;总结了间充质干细胞来源外泌体抵抗病毒感染的作用机制,包括直接抑制病毒入侵和病毒复制,以及通过调节免疫反应间接达到抗病毒效果;全面概述了间充质干细胞来源外泌体在不同病毒感染中的应用;最后讨论了间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗病毒感染性疾病的临床研究进展以及外泌体与药物联合应用的潜力。

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 病毒感染, 抗病毒作用, miRNA, 免疫调节, 临床研究进展, 联合疗法

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Viral infectious diseases continue to pose a significant challenge in the global public health arena. Current antiviral therapeutics exhibit significant limitations, necessitating further exploration of potentially feasible novel treatment strategies.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize and outline the mechanism of action, research progress, and problems of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in viral infectious diseases. 
METHODS: “Mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, viruses, viral infectious diseases, antiviral effect, immunomodulation” were selected as the key words in Chinese and English. A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), and WanFang Data. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and the screening process involved a thorough review of titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Ultimately, a total of 63 relevant articles were included in the analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Starting from the biogenesis and compositional structure of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, the article explores in detail the mechanisms of exosome formation and release, as well as the potential roles of their components, including proteins, lipids, and miRNAs, in the treatment of viral infectious diseases. The antiviral mechanisms mediated by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are summarized, encompassing both direct inhibition of viral entry and replication, as well as indirect effects through immunomodulatory pathways. A comprehensive review is provided regarding the application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes across a range of viral infections. Finally, the article discusses current advances in clinical research on exosome-based therapies for viral diseases and explores their potential in combination with pharmacological agents.

Key words: mesenchymal stem cell, exosomes, viral infections, antiviral effects, microRNAs, immunomodulation, advances in clinical research, combination therapies

中图分类号: