中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 7160-7166.doi: 10.12307/2026.408

• 骨科植入物Orthopedic implants • 上一篇    下一篇

小转子分离位移对老年股骨转子间骨折微创髓内钉内固定后髋关节功能的影响

彭国飞1,翟益发2,卢  双1,蒋昆豆3,张  彬3,张  一3,佘荣峰3   

  1. 1贵州中医药大学,贵州省贵阳市   550025;2贵州省六盘水市中医医院骨伤科,贵州省六盘水市   553001;3贵州省人民医院急诊外科,贵州省贵阳市   550002
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25 接受日期:2025-11-14 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 佘荣峰,副主任医师,硕士生导师,贵州省人民医院急诊外科,贵州省贵阳市 550002
  • 作者简介:彭国飞,男,1998年生,贵州省思南县人,苗族,贵州中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事骨关节及相关疾病方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果-LC[2024]015),项目负责人:佘荣峰;贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果-LC[2025]一般028),项目负责人:张一;贵州省卫生健康委员会科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2024-167),项目负责人:张彬

Impact of lesser trochanter displacement on hip function following minimally invasive intramedullary nailing for geriatric intertrochanteric fractures

Peng Guofei1, Zhai Yifa2, Lu Shuang1, Jiang Kundou3, Zhang Bin3, Zhang Yi3, She Rongfeng3   

  1. 1Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Liupanshui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liupanshui 553001, Guizhou Province, China; 3Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-25 Accepted:2025-11-14 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: She Rongfeng, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Peng Guofei, MS candidate, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project, No. LC[2024]015 (to SRF); Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project, No. LC[2025]028 (to ZY); Guizhou Provincial Health Commission Science and Technology Fund Project, No. gzwkj2024-167 (to ZB)

摘要:

文题释义:

小转子分离:股骨转子间区域发生骨折时伴随小转子骨块从主骨上完全或部分分离的损伤类型,多由高能量创伤或骨质疏松导致,属于不稳定型骨折,恢复其稳定性需手术复位固定。
内固定:是一种通过手术将骨折断端固定的方法,使用金属植入物(如螺钉、髓内钉等)直接固定骨折部位,以促进愈合,适用于复杂或不稳定骨折,具有稳定性强、恢复快、复位精确等优点。

摘要
背景:目前经皮微创髓内钉治疗老年转子间骨折是常见有效的方法,能够很好地避免并发症,但老年转子间骨折累及小转子仍存在一些问题,特别是针对小转子分离的情况,由于其类型不一,对于小转子分离固定与否相关报道较少。
目的:探讨小转子分离位移距离对老年股骨转子间骨折经皮微创髓内钉内固定后功能的影响,为分离小转子是否需要固定提供临床数据。
方法:回顾性收集贵州省人民医院急诊外科病房2020年8月至2023年12月收治且获得有效随访的46例老年股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后小转子分离患者的病历资料。根据小转子分离位移距离分为2组:小转子分离移位≥1 cm(A组)23例,男11例,女12例,平均年龄(77.57±8.97)岁;小转子分离移位<1 cm(B组)23例,男7例,女16例,平均年龄(79.04±8.74)岁。比较两组患者术后功能恢复等指标,包括术后首次完成直腿抬高时间、首次下地时间、骨折愈合时间、术后1,2,3,6,9,12个月髋关节功能Harris评分及末次随访髋关节Harris评分的优秀率。
结果与结论:①两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。②A组术后首次完成直腿抬高时间(18.44±3.99) d,明显长于B组(15.91±3.64) d,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);A组术后首次下地时间(7.83±1.92) d,明显长于B组(6.70±1.80) d,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);但两组骨折愈合时间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。③术后1,2,3,6个月,B组Harris功能评分显著高于A组(P < 0.05);术后9,12个月两组Harris功能评分无明显差异(P > 0.05)。④末次随访时髋关节功能:A组Harris评分90分及以上17例,优秀率为74%;B组Harris评分90分及以上20例,优秀率为87%,两组差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。⑤提示老年股骨转子间骨折小转子分离位移不同的患者术后6个月内的功能恢复存在差异;术后6个月以上,位移的小转子不会影响髋关节功能。因此并不推荐对老年转子间骨折患者进行小转子复位固定,但对于早期功能要求较高的患者,可以先根据患者的活动需求和身体情况进行评估后进一步复位和固定。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 转子间骨折, 小转子分离, 髓内钉, 内固定, 髋关节功能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous minimally invasive intramedullary nailing is a common and effective treatment for intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly, effectively avoiding complications. However, intertrochanteric fractures involving the lesser trochanter remain problematic, particularly with lesser trochanteric separation. Due to the diverse types of lesser trochanteric separation, there are few reports on whether lesser trochanteric separation should be fixed. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of lesser trochanter displacement distance on postoperative functional outcomes in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with minimally invasive intramedullary nailing, providing clinical data to determine whether fixation is necessary. 
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 elderly patients with lesser trochanter displacement following intramedullary nailing for intertrochanteric fractures, treated in the Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital from August 2020 to December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on displacement distance: group A [displacement ≥1 cm, n=23; 11 males and 12 females; mean (77.57±8.97) years] and group B [displacement <1 cm, n=23; 7 males and 16 females; mean (79.04±8.74) years]. Postoperative functional outcomes were compared between the two groups, including time to first straight-leg raise, time to first ambulation, fracture healing time, Harris Hip Scores at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and final follow-up excellent rate of Harris Hip Scores.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were no significant differences in preoperative general data between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) The time to first straight-leg raising (18.44±3.99) days after surgery in group A was significantly longer than that in group B (15.91±3.64) days (P < 0.05). The time to first ambulation (7.83±1.92) days after surgery in group A was significantly longer than that in group B (6.70±1.80) days (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in fracture healing time between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) At 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after surgery, Harris Hip Scores in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Harris Hip Scores between the two groups at 9 and 12 months after surgery (P > 0.05). (4) Hip function at last follow-up: 17 patients in group A achieved a Harris Hip Score of 90 or above, with an excellent rate of 74%; 20 patients in group B achieved a Harris Hip Score of 90 or above, with an excellent rate of 87%. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (5) This suggests that functional recovery within 6 months after surgery varies among elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures and differing lesser trochanteric displacement. Beyond 6 months after surgery, a displaced lesser trochanter does not affect hip function. Therefore, routine surgical fixation of displaced lesser trochanters may not be necessary for most elderly patients, though individual assessment remains important for patients with higher functional demands based on the patient's activity needs and physical condition.  

Key words: intertrochanteric fracture, lesser trochanter separation, intramedullary nail, internal fixation, hip joint function

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