中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (22): 5814-5831.doi: 10.12307/2026.179

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

纤维化在组织损伤修复中的作用

李飞红1,王琳蓉1,2,3,程乐平1,2,3   

  1. 1广西医科大学转化医学研究中心,长寿与老年相关疾病教育部重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021;2 广西医科大学基础医学院,神经科学研究所,广西脑科学研究重点实验室,广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会脑功能与脑疾病基础研究重点实验室(广西医科大学),广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021;3广西医科大学再生医学与医用生物资源开发应用省部共建协同创新中心,广西再生医学重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-07 接受日期:2025-08-12 出版日期:2026-08-08 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 程乐平,博士,教授,硕士生导师,博士生导师,广西医科大学转化医学研究中心,长寿与老年相关疾病教育部重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530021; 广西医科大学基础医学院,神经科学研究所,广西脑科学研究重点实验室,广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会脑功能与脑疾病基础研究重点实验室(广西医科大学),广西壮族自治区南宁市 530021;广西医科大学再生医学与医用生物资源开发应用省部共建协同创新中心,广西再生医学重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁市 5300215
  • 作者简介:李飞红,女,2001年生,贵州省毕节市人,彝族,广西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事组织纤维化的细胞机制研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32070976),项目负责人:程乐平;广西科技基地和人才专项项目(AD21075052),项目负责人:程乐平

Role of fibrosis in tissue injury repair

Li Feihong1, Wang Linrong1, 2, 3, Cheng Leping1, 2, 3   

  1. 1Translational Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Guangxi Medical University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Brain Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 3Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-06-07 Accepted:2025-08-12 Online:2026-08-08 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: Cheng Leping, MD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Doctoral supervisor, Translational Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Guangxi Medical University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Brain Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Li Feihong, MS candidate, Translational Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 32070976 (to CLP); Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project, No. AD21075052 (to CLP)

摘要:


文题释义:
纤维化:是组织或器官受到慢性损伤后愈合反应出现异常调节的结果,主要特征是病灶处成纤维细胞的异常增殖和细胞外基质过度沉积。纤维化可发生于人体的任何器官,如肺、肝、肾、心脏等,随着病情发展,器官的正常结构和功能会遭到损坏,最终导致器官衰竭和个体死亡。
细胞外基质:成分包括胶原蛋白、弹力蛋白、黏附性糖蛋白、整合素、基质细胞蛋白、蛋白多糖和透明质酸素。细胞外基质的主要作用是将细胞连接在一起,以支撑和维持组织的生理结构和功能。

背景:纤维化是一种组织愈合反应异常调节的结果,主要以纤维化病灶处成纤维细胞的异常增殖和细胞外基质过度沉积为特征,包括肝脏、肾脏、心脏、肺脏和皮肤在内的几乎所有器官都可能发生纤维化。
目的:归纳总结肝脏纤维化、肾脏纤维化、心脏纤维化、肺脏纤维化等与纤维化相关的疾病,重点研究纤维化中主要的异常细胞、异常信号通路和治疗方式。
方法:检索PubMed数据库和中国知网,英文检索词为“fibrosis,fibroblasts,fibrotic organs,extracellular matrix,tissue repair,inflammatory response”,中文检索词为“纤维化,成纤维细胞,纤维化器官,细胞外基质,组织修复,炎症反应”。按照纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,最终纳入200篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:纤维化中主要的异常细胞有免疫细胞(巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞等)、成纤维细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞,其中成纤维细胞在纤维化的进程中发挥重要作用。纤维化中主要的异常通路包括转化生长因子β信号通路、Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路、Notch信号通路、Toll样受体4/髓样分化因子88/核因子κB信号通路、Hippo/Yes相关蛋白信号通路,它们的异常激活或失活调控纤维化的发生发展。表观遗传修饰(DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA调控)调控纤维化的进程。抗纤维化治疗可采取药物、细胞和基因治疗3种方式,靶向相关信号通路以抑制成纤维细胞的持续激活也可通过调节细胞外基质沉积减轻纤维化,改善组织器官功能。
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0412-1489 (李飞红) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 纤维化, 组织损伤修复, 细胞外基质, 成纤维细胞, 肌成纤维细胞, 纤维化相关细胞, 纤维化相关通路, 抗纤维化治疗

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibrosis results from dysregulated tissue healing, characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix at fibrotic sites. Fibrosis can occur in nearly all organs, including the skin, liver, kidneys, heart, and lungs.  
OBJECTIVE: To summarize fibrosis-related diseases, including skin fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis, with a focus on elucidating key aberrant cells, dysregulated signaling pathways, and therapeutic approaches.
METHODS: The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched using keywords: “fibrosis, fibroblasts, fibrotic organs, extracellular matrix, tissue repair, and inflammatory response" in Chinese and English, respectively. Literature was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 200 articles were ultimately selected for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Key abnormal cells in fibrosis include immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes), fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Fibroblasts play a central role in fibrotic progression. Major dysregulated signaling pathways in fibrosis include transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and Hippo/Yes-associated protein signaling pathway. Abnormal activation or inactivation of these pathways regulates fibrogenesis. Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation) modulate fibrotic progression. Anti-fibrotic therapy can be administered through three main approaches: drug, cell, and gene therapies. These strategies can target relevant signaling pathways to inhibit the sustained activation of fibroblasts. Fibrosis can also be alleviated by modulating extracellular matrix deposition, thereby improving tissue and organ function.


Key words: fibrosis, tissue damage and repair, extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, fibrosis-related cells, fibrosis-related pathways, anti-fibrotic therapy

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