中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (21): 5517-5523.doi: 10.12307/2026.314

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

成人后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的解剖学危险因素分析

李  根1,张希晨1,孙英晋1,贺成龙1,高绪仁1,2   

  1. 1徐州医科大学,江苏省徐州市   221004;2徐州医科大学附属医院,江苏省徐州市   221000
  • 接受日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 高绪仁,博士,主任医师,副教授,徐州医科大学,江苏省徐州市 221004;徐州医科大学附属医院,江苏省徐州市 221000
  • 作者简介:李根,男,1998年生,江苏省徐州市人,汉族,徐州医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事骨科疾病相关研究。

Anatomical risk factor analysis of posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture in adults

Li Gen1, Zhang Xichen1, Sun Yingjin1, He Chenglong1, Gao Xuren1, 2   

  1. 1Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-05-06 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-03-05
  • Contact: Gao Xuren, PhD, Chief physician, Associate professor, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Li Gen, Master candidate, Physician, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折:是指膝关节后交叉韧带在胫骨附着点处的骨质因外力作用撕脱的损伤。该损伤通常由膝关节受到向后的剧烈冲击或过伸导致,常见于交通事故(如膝部撞击仪表盘)或运动损伤(如足球、滑雪时膝关节的扭转)。
髁间窝宽度指数:是一种在膝关节影像学中测量髁间窝形态的量化指标,其数值等于髁间窝宽度与股骨髁宽度的比值,该指标能够一定程度上避免年龄、性别等干扰因素,较为可靠地反映髁间窝的狭窄程度,对膝关节前后交叉韧带损伤的诊断、手术规划以及预后评估具有重要意义。

摘要
背景:股骨远端与胫骨近端的解剖形态对于胫股关节运动有重要影响,其在前交叉韧带损伤中的作用已被很好地描述。然而对于后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折解剖形态危险因素的研究尚有限,且未形成统一共识。
目的:探讨后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的解剖学危险因素。
方法:回顾性收集2021年3月至2024年9月因后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折行手术治疗的53例患者的病历资料,作为后交叉韧带止点撕脱组(男32例、女21例),纳入同时期无后交叉韧带损伤的53例受试者资料,作为后交叉韧带正常组(男24例、女29例)。在MRI图像上测量和计算髁间窝宽度、股骨髁宽度、髁间窝宽度指数、髁间窝高度、髁间窝形态指数、髁间窝夹角、Blumensaat线倾角、内侧胫骨平台后倾角及外侧胫骨平台后倾角,分析两组解剖学数据差异;利用二元Logistic回归分析确定独立危险因素并通过受试者工作曲线建立危险因素预测模型。
结果与结论:①后交叉韧带止点撕脱组的髁间窝宽度指数、髁间窝形态指数、髁间窝夹角及内侧胫骨平台后倾角均小于后交叉韧带正常组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);两组数据在髁间窝宽度、股骨髁宽度、髁间窝高度、Blumensaat线倾角及外侧胫骨平台后倾角上差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②二元Logistic回归发现髁间窝宽度指数与后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折相关;③提示与后交叉韧带正常者相比,后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折患者具有更小的髁间窝宽度指数、髁间窝形态指数、髁间窝夹角和内侧胫骨平台后倾角;髁间窝宽度指数是后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的独立危险因素。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折, 髁间窝, 胫骨平台, 解剖学, 危险因素

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The anatomical morphology of the distal femur and proximal tibia has an important influence on the movement of the tibiofemoral joint, and its role in anterior cruciate ligament injury has been well described. However, the research on the anatomical risk factors of posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture is still limited, and no unified consensus has been formed. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomical risk factors for posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture.
METHODS: The medical records of 53 patients who underwent surgical treatment for posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture from March 2021 to September 2024 were retrospectively collected as the posterior cruciate ligament avulsion group (32 males and 21 females), and the data of 53 subjects without posterior cruciate ligament injury in the same period were included as the posterior cruciate ligament normal group (24 males and 29 females). The intercondylar notch width, femoral condyle width, intercondylar notch width index, intercondylar notch height, intercondylar notch shape index, intercondylar notch angle, Blumensaat's line inclination angle, medial tibial posterior slope, and lateral tibial posterior slope were measured and calculated in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to analyze the differences in the anatomical data of the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors and to establish a risk factor model by receiver operating characteristic curve. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The intercondylar notch width index, intercondylar notch shape index, intercondylar notch angle, and medial tibial posterior slope of the posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion group were smaller than those of the posterior cruciate ligament normal group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The data of the two groups were not statistically different in the intercondylar notch width, femoral condyle width, intercondylar notch height, Blumensaat's line inclination angle, and lateral tibial posterior slope (P > 0.05). (2) Binary logistic regression found that the intercondylar notch width index was associated with posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture. (3) It is indicated that patients with posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture had smaller intercondylar notch width index, intercondylar notch shape index, intercondylar notch angle, and medial tibial posterior slope compared with those with a normal posterior cruciate ligament. The intercondylar notch width index was an independent risk factor for tibial avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament.

Key words: posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture, intercondylar notch, tibial plateau, anatomy, risk factor

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