中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (17): 4390-4399.doi: 10.12307/2026.214

• 组织构建与生物力学 tissue construction and biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

认知-运动双任务下老年人步态终止阶段的控制策略

梁天琦,张孝权   

  1. 沈阳师范大学体育科学学院,辽宁省沈阳市   110034


  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18 接受日期:2025-09-11 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 张孝权,博士,教授,沈阳师范大学体育科学学院,辽宁省沈阳市 110034
  • 作者简介:梁天琦,男,2000年生,内蒙古自治区通辽市人,汉族,沈阳师范大学在读硕士,主要从事生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金项目(24BTY038),项目负责人:张孝权

Control strategies during gait termination in older adults under cognitive-motor dual-task conditions 

Liang Tianqi, Zhang Xiaoquan   

  1. College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-18 Accepted:2025-09-11 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2025-12-01
  • Contact: Zhang Xiaoquan, PhD, Professor, College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Liang Tianqi, MS candidate, College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Social Science Foundation Project, No.24BTY038 (to ZXQ)

摘要:


文题释义:
双任务:被定义为“2个可以独立执行、单独测量且具有不同目标的任务”,通常用来研究不同的心理过程彼此之间的独立程度或不同任务对认知资源的共享程度,也可用于探究认知与神经肌肉控制之间的相互作用。
步态终止:是步行过程中的一个阶段,要求身体向前的动能和动量均为零。步态终止是动态平衡向静态平衡的一个过渡阶段,从时间特点和空间特点来讲,步态终止时要求双足停止向前移动,身体不再发生水平位移且处于静止状态。步态终止包括有计划停止和急停。

背景:伴随着年龄的增加,老年人的步态终止表现下降,后续可能会在双任务情景下带来姿势控制和平衡控制能力的下降,进一步增加跌倒的风险。
目的:探究老年人在认知-运动双任务下步态终止阶段的控制策略。
方法:纳入10名老年人作为研究对象,男女各5名,年龄(60.70±0.64)岁。试验的双任务设计为认知任务与步行过程中步态终止任务相结合,采用n-back经典范式进行老年人步态终止过程中的认知干预,使用Vicon红外运动捕捉系统和Noraxon表面肌电分别采集10名受试者的下肢运动学和肌电指标,比较不同认知负荷下(0倍认知负荷、1倍认知负荷和2倍认知负荷)老年人步态终止阶段(有计划停止、急停)的运动学指标和肌电指标的差异。
结果与结论:①双因素重复测量方差分析显示,认知负荷对踝关节角度的主效应显著(P < 0.05),双因素交互作用不显著;停止方式对膝关节角度的主效应显著(P < 0.001),双因素交互作用不显著;停止方式对髋关节角度的主效应显著(P < 0.05),认知负荷对髋关节角度的主效应显著(P < 0.001),双因素交互作用显著(P < 0.05)。有计划停止和急停时,2倍认知负荷组踝关节跖屈角度显著大于0倍认知负荷组(P < 0.05),不同认知负荷组间膝关节屈曲角度比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);急停时,1,2倍认知负荷组髋关节屈曲角度大于0倍认知负荷组(P < 0.05)。②双因素重复测量方差分析显示,停止方式对腓肠肌、股二头肌、臀大肌、股直肌和胫前肌积分肌电的主效应显著(P < 
0.05),认知负荷对股外侧肌和胫前肌积分肌电的主效应显著(P < 0.05),认知负荷与停止方式对胫前肌积分肌电存在显著的交互作用(P < 0.001)。急停时,2倍认知负荷组股外侧肌积分肌电值大于0倍认知负荷组(P < 0.05),胫前肌积分肌电值小于0倍认知负荷组(P < 0.05)。③结果表明,执行双任务时,老年人急停所表现出的停止策略与有计划停止相类似,主要表现为:随着认知负荷的增加,通过增加下肢踝关节跖屈角度以及膝关节、髋关节屈曲角度来进行缓冲并完成步态终止,并且急停时的踝关节跖屈角度和膝关节、髋关节屈曲角度均大于有计划停止时。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-6505 (梁天琦) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 老年人, 双任务, 步态终止, 生物力学, 认知负荷, 肌电, 关节角度, 下肢关节

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With advancing age older adults often experience a decline in gait termination ability. This may lead to reduced postural and balance control under dual-task conditions, further increasing the risk of falls.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the control strategies during gait termination in older adults under cognitive-motor dural-task conditions.
METHODS: A total of 10 older adults were enrolled in this study, comprising 5 males and 5 females, with a mean age of (60.70±0.64) years. A dual-task paradigm integrating a cognitive task with a gait termination task during walking was adopted. The n-back classic paradigm was used to implement cognitive interventions during gait termination. The lower extremity kinematics and electromyography indicators of 10 subjects were collected using the Vicon infrared motion capture system and Noraxon surface electromyography. Differences in kinematic and electromyography indicators during gait termination (including planned and sudden stopping) under different cognitive loads (0 cognitive load, 1 cognitive load and 2 cognitive load) were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that cognitive load had a significant main effect on ankle angle (P < 0.05), while the two-way interaction was not significant. Stop condition showed a significant main effect on knee angle (P < 0.001), with no significant two-way interaction. For hip angle, both stop condition (P < 0.05) and cognitive load (P < 0.001) exhibited significant main effects, and their two-way interaction was also significant (P < 0.05). During both planned and sudden stops, the ankle plantar flexion angle increased significantly under 2 cognitive load compared with 0 cognitive load (P < 0.05). while, the knee flexion angles showed no significant differences under different cognitive loads (P > 0.05). Compared with 0 cognitive load, the hip flexion angles under 1 and 2 cognitive loads during sudden stop were significantly increased (P < 0.05). (2) A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the stopping condition had a significant main effect on the integrated electromyography of  the gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris and tibialis anterior (P < 0.05). Cognitive load exhibited a significant main effect on the integrated electromyography of the vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior (P < 0.05). A significant interaction effect was observed between cognitive load and stopping condition for the integrated electromyography of the tibialis anterior (P < 0.001). During sudden stop, the integrated electromyography value of the lateral femoris muscle under 2 cognitive load was significantly increased compared with 0 cognitive load (P < 0.05), and the integrated electromyography value of the anterior tibial muscle was significantly decreased compared with 0 cognitive load (P < 0.05). These results indicate that under dual-task condition, the strategy for gait termination exhibited by older adults in sudden stops is similar to that in planned stops: with cognitive load increasing, gait termination is achieved by greater ankle plantar flexion, knee flexion, and hip flexion angles to absorb impact forces. Moreover, during sudden stop, the angles of ankle plantar flexion, knee flexion, and hip flexion are all larger than those during planned stop.


Key words: older adults, dual tasks, gait termination, biomechanics, cognitive load, electromyography, joint angle, lower limb joint

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