中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1783-1788.doi: 10.12307/2025.105

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

不同内固定系统治疗股骨转子间骨折的力学稳定性

陈  曦1,2,汤  涛1,2,陈铜兵1,2,李  青1,2,张  文3   

  1. 1常州市第一人民医院,江苏省常州市   213003;2苏州大学附属第三医院,江苏省常州市   213003;3苏州大学,苏州医学院骨科研究所,江苏省苏州市   215006
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-07 接受日期:2023-12-14 出版日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2024-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 张文,硕士,高级实验师,苏州大学,苏州医学院骨科研究所,江苏省苏州市 215006
  • 作者简介:陈曦,江苏省常州市人,汉族,2019年苏州大学毕业,博士,副研究员,主要从事生物医学工程方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82072410),项目负责人:陈曦

Mechanical stability of intertrochanteric fracture of femur with different internal fixation systems

Chen Xi1, 2, Tang Tao1, 2, Chen Tongbing1, 2, Li Qing1, 2, Zhang Wen3   

  1. 1Changzhou First People’s Hospital, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-10-07 Accepted:2023-12-14 Online:2025-03-28 Published:2024-10-09
  • Contact: Zhang Wen, Master, Senior experimentalist, Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Chen Xi, MD, Associate researcher, Changzhou First People’s Hospital, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 82072410 (to CX)

摘要:


文题释义:

冯•米塞斯(Von Mises)等效应力:是一种屈服准则,通常叫等效应力,它遵循材料力学第四强度理论(形状改变比能理论),用应力等值线来表示模型内部的应力分布情况,可以清晰描述出一种结果在整个模型中的变化,从而使分析人员可以快速地确定模型中最危险的区域。
压缩刚度:刚度是指材料或结构在受力时抵抗弹性变形的能力,是材料或结构弹性变形难易程度的表征,材料的刚度通常用弹性模量E来衡量。压缩刚度通常用压缩载荷和变形的比值来计算,单位N/mm。

摘要
背景:股骨转子间骨折的骨折类型和固定方式多样,各固定系统间的力学稳定性相差较大。使用有限元分析方法对各固定系统开展生物力学研究具有科学的临床意义。
目的:通过有限元方法对比分析多种内固定应用于股骨A031-A2.1型转子间骨折的力学稳定性。
方法:在已验证有效性的股骨有限元模型基础上,对模型进行必要的切割,造模成股骨A031-A2.1型转子间骨折,模拟临床手术方法置入不同的内固定系统,分别建立股骨近端防旋髓内钉、动力髋螺钉、经皮加压钢板和股骨近端锁定钢板固定模型。约束4组模型股骨远端下所有节点,在股骨头上施加700,1 400和2 100 N的压缩载荷,通过计算分析,观察各组模型的等效应力分布和压缩刚度,比较各组模型之间的力学稳定性。 
结果与结论:①通过计算分析,对比各组模型的变形量计算压缩刚度后,在各级载荷作用下,各组模型上压缩刚度呈现的趋势:生理组>

股骨近端防旋髓内钉组>股骨近端锁定钢板组>经皮加压钢板组>动力髋螺钉组;完整的生理组模型的压缩刚度明显高于所有的手术组模型;②观察应力指标,因存在应力遮挡效应,致使各固定组的应力峰值均高于生理组,最大峰值均集中分布于各内固定上;其中股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定组应力峰值最小,动力髋螺钉固定组应力最高,应力分布趋势呈现:生理组<股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定组<经皮加压钢板固定组<股骨近端锁定钢板固定组<动力髋螺钉固定组;③分布于骨质模型的应力,因内固定置入位置不同呈现不同的分布结果;④提示对于股骨转子间骨折,各种内固定均能起到有效的固定,结合有限元分析结果得出股骨近端防旋髓内钉组是较好的一种内固定选择,呈现变形量小、应力峰值低,应力分布均匀的特性;经皮加压钢板组和股骨近端锁定钢板组的力学效果优良,固定效果接近股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定;动力髋螺钉固定效果欠佳,同比于其他内固定,其力学稳定性较差。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨转子间骨折, 内固定系统, 力学稳定性, 有限元分析, 等效应力, 压缩刚度

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intertrochanteric fracture of femur has various fracture types and fixation methods, and the mechanical stability of each fixation system is quite different. It is of scientific clinical significance to use finite element analysis method to carry out biomechanical research on various fixation systems.
OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the mechanical stability of various internal fixations applied to femoral intertrochanteric fracture A031-A2.1 by finite element method.
METHODS: Based on the validated finite element model of femur (Intact), the model was cut and made into A031-A2.1 intertrochanteric fracture of femur. Different internal fixation systems were implanted by simulating clinical operation methods, and fixation models of proximal femoral nail antirotation, dynamic hip screw, percutaneous compression plate and proximal femoral locking plate were established respectively. All nodes under the distal femur of the four groups of models were constrained, and compression loads of 700, 1 400 and 2 100 N were applied to the femoral head. Von Mises stress distribution and compression stiffness of each group of models were observed through calculation and analysis, and mechanical stability of each group was compared.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Through calculation and analysis, after calculating the compression stiffness by comparing the deformation of each model, the compression stiffness of each model under various loads showed the trend: physiological group > proximal femoral nail antirotation group > proximal femoral locking plate group > percutaneous compression plate group > dynamic hip screw group. The compressive stiffness of the complete physiological group model was significantly higher than that of all surgical group models. (2) The stress index was observed. Due to the stress shielding effect, the stress peak value of each fixed group was higher than that of physiological group, and the maximum peak value was concentrated on each internal fixation. Proximal femoral nail antirotation group had the smallest stress peak, while dynamic hip screw group had the highest stress. The stress distribution trend showed physiological group < proximal femoral nail antirotation group < percutaneous compression plate group < proximal femoral locking plate group < dynamic hip screw group. (3) The stress distribution in the bone model showed different results depending on the implantation location of internal fixation. (4) It is concluded that for intertrochanteric fracture of femur, all kinds of internal fixation can effectively fix it. Combined with the results of finite element analysis, proximal femoral nail antirotation group is a better internal fixation choice, showing the characteristics of small deformation, low stress peak, and uniform stress distribution. The mechanical effect of  percutaneous compression plate group and proximal femoral locking plate group is excellent, and the fixation effect is close to  proximal femoral nail antirotation fixation. The fixation effect of dynamic hip screw is not good, and the mechanical stability of this group is poor compared with other internal fixation.


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: intertrochanteric fracture of femur, internal fixation system, mechanical stability, finite element analysis, equivalent stress, compression stiffness

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