中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1775-1782.doi: 10.12307/2025.144

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

不同骨强度下全膝置换过程中发生股骨前皮质切迹的三维有限元分析

周金海1,李江伟2,王序全1,庄  颖1,赵  瑛1,杨渝勇1,王嘉嘉1,杨  阳1,周仕炼1   

  1. 1贵黔国际医院骨科,贵州省贵阳市   550024;2贵州医科大学附属医院骨科,贵州省贵阳市    550004
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-19 接受日期:2024-02-29 出版日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2024-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 李江伟,男,主任医师,贵州医科大学附属医院骨科,贵州省贵阳市 550004
  • 作者简介:周金海,男,1994年生,贵州省赫章县人,汉族,硕士,主治医师,主要从事骨与关节损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省卫健委科学基金项目(gzwkj2021-507),项目负责人:庄颖

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of anterior femoral notching during total knee arthroplasty at different bone strengths

Zhou Jinhai1, Li Jiangwei2, Wang Xuquan1, Zhuang Ying1, Zhao Ying1, Yang Yuyong1, Wang Jiajia1, Yang Yang1, Zhou Shilian1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Guiqian International Hospital, Guiyang 550024, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-19 Accepted:2024-02-29 Online:2025-03-28 Published:2024-10-09
  • Contact: Li Jiangwei, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Jinhai, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Guiqian International Hospital, Guiyang 550024, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Provincial Health Commission Science Fund Project, No. gzwkj2021-507 (to ZY)

摘要:


文题释义:
股骨前皮质切迹:是指全膝关节置换过程中股骨前髁截骨不良导致的股骨前方皮质受损现象,可能是截骨板位置放置不良、后参考技术的应用、后髁角增大、股骨前皮质解剖形态变异、股骨假体尺寸选择性缩小、后移入口点的位置等原因导致的;其与膝关节股骨假体周围骨折存在高风险性。切迹的深度是引起骨折风险的直接因素之一。
膝关节股骨假体周围骨折:指全膝关节置换后出现膝关节线15 cm范围内或者距离假体近端5 cm范围内的股骨远端骨折。近年来膝关节股骨假体周围骨折的发生率越来越高,导致其发生的原因与术中的失误操作关系密切,有研究表明股骨前皮质切迹是主要原因之一。

摘要
背景:全膝关节置换后发生膝关节股骨假体周围骨折是常见并发症之一,目前对不同骨质强度条件下发生膝关节股骨假体周围骨折的生物力学研究欠缺,三维有限元分析可为临床提供生物力学基础。
目的:探讨不同骨质强度下全膝关节置换过程中发生股骨前皮质切迹的生物力学变化,为临床预防膝关节置换后发生膝关节股骨假体周围骨折提供力学理论基础。
方法:获取健康成年人的股骨CT数据,运用Mimics、Geomagic studio、Solidworks软件建立膝关节股骨侧置换三维模型,然后构建不同深度的股骨前皮质切迹模型,将模型导入到ANSYS软件并分析不同骨强度、不同股骨前皮质切迹深度对股骨髁上生物应力的影响,并分析股骨前皮质切迹骨水泥填补前、后的股骨前髁截面应力变化。
结果与结论:①任何骨质强度下,髁上应力都随股骨前皮质切迹深度加深而增加;在正常骨质情况下,当股骨前皮质切迹深度在3 mm和4 mm间有一个应力突变点;在骨质疏松情况下,当股骨前皮质切迹深度在2 mm和3 mm间有一个应力突变点;②膝关节置换过程中发生股骨前皮质切迹且深度超过骨皮质厚度时,随着骨质强度降低,股骨髁上应力逐渐增大;③使用骨水泥填补股骨前皮质切迹深度为3 mm的模型,股骨前髁截面应力下降;④结果显示,膝关节置换过程中应该避免股骨前皮质切迹出现,特别是骨质疏松患者;如术中出现股骨前皮质切迹且深度超过骨皮质厚度时,可以采用骨水泥均匀填充股骨前皮质切迹以降低股骨髁上应力,降低膝关节股骨假体周围骨折的发生率。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全膝关节置换, 股骨前皮质切迹, 骨质疏松, 膝关节股骨假体周围骨折, 生物力学, 三维有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic fracture of the femoral of the knee after total knee arthroplasty is one of the common complications, and there is a lack of biomechanical research on the periprosthetic fractures of the femoral of the knee under different bone strength conditions. The three-dimensional finite element analysis can provide a biomechanical basis for clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical changes of anterior femoral notching after total knee arthroplasty under different bone strengths, and to provide a mechanical basis for the clinical prevention of supracondylar femoral periprosthetic fractures after knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: The femoral CT data of healthy adults were obtained, and the three-dimensional model of femoral lateral replacement of the knee joint was established by Mimics, Geomagic studio, and Solidworks software. Anterior femoral notching models of different depths were constructed, and the models were imported into ANSYS software to analyze the changes of biological stress on the femoral condyle with different bone strengths and different anterior femoral notching depths. The stress changes of the femoral anterior condyle section after and before the filling of anterior femoral notching with bone cement were analyzed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under any bone strength, the supracondylar stress increased with the depth of anterior femoral notching. In normal bone conditions, there was a stress abrupt change point when the anterior femoral notching depth was between 3 mm and 4 mm. In the case of osteoporosis, there was a stress abrupt point when the anterior femoral notching depth was between 2 mm and 3 mm. (2) When anterior femoral notching occurred during knee arthroplasty and the depth exceeded the thickness of the bone cortex, the supracondylar stress of the femoral gradually increased as the bone strength decreased. (3) The stress of the anterior femoral condyle section decreased when the model with an anterior femoral notching depth of 3 mm was filled with bone cement. (4) The results show that anterior femoral notching should be avoided during knee arthroplasty, especially in patients with osteoporosis. If anterior femoral notching occurs during surgery, bone cement can be used to evenly fill the anterior femoral notching to reduce the supracondylar stress of the femur and reduce the incidence of periprosthetic fractures of the femoral joint 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: total knee arthroplasty, anterior femoral notching, osteoporosis, periprosthetic fracture of knee joint and femur, biomechanics, three-dimensional finite element analysis

中图分类号: