中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 7102-7108.doi: 10.12307/2025.849

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

青壮年Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折3种内固定方案的生物力学分析

张子义1,2,覃  祺1,2,阿里木江·玉苏甫1,2,刘宇哲1,2,玉素甫·热合曼1,2,冉  建1,2   

  1. 1新疆医科大学,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830054;2新疆医科大学第六附属医院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830092
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-13 接受日期:2024-08-12 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 冉建,主任医师,新疆医科大学,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830054;新疆医科大学第六附属医院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830092
  • 作者简介:张子义,男,1997年生,江苏省徐州市人,汉族,新疆医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨科创伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区研究生创新项目(XJ2023G186),项目负责人:阿里木江·玉素甫

Biomechanical analysis of three internal fixation schemes for Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures in young adults

Zhang Ziyi1, 2, Qin Qi1, 2, Alimujiang·Yusufu1, 2, Liu Yuzhe1, 2, Yusufu·Reheman1, 2, Ran Jian1, 2   

  1. 1Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China; 2Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830092, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China
  • Received:2024-05-13 Accepted:2024-08-12 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-04-12
  • Contact: Ran Jian, Chief physician, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China; Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830092, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China
  • About author:Zhang Ziyi, Master candidate, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China; Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830092, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China
  • Supported by:
    Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Graduate Innovation Project, No. XJ2023G186 (to AY)

摘要:


文题释义:

PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折:是指股骨颈骨折时远端骨折线与两髂嵴连线所形成的角度> 50°。
青壮年PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的治疗方案:青壮年PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折首选内固定治疗,但因为这种骨折非常不稳定,由于角度接近垂直,骨折端存在较大的剪切应力和旋转应力,使得固定极为困难,内固定方式目前仍没有统一标准。


背景:青壮年PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的治疗极为棘手,内固定治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折时,不仅需保障内固定物的机械稳固性,更要确保其能够抵抗剪切、压缩和张力的冲击,防止在骨折愈合过程中内固定物因疲劳而断裂或松动。然而,现有的内固定方式还不能完全满足要求。

目的:期望能够为临床治疗青壮年PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折时,提供更为合理、有效的内固定方式选择,从而优化治疗效果,减少并发症的发生,提高患者的康复速度和生活质量。
方法:利用志愿者股骨CT数据构建了Pauwels角为70°的股骨颈骨折模型,设置3种置入方式:①股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组:股骨颈动力交叉钉系统主钉位于股骨颈轴位中心;②联合组:股骨颈动力交叉钉系统主钉位于股骨颈轴位的偏下1/3,1枚空心钉位于股骨颈轴位的偏上1/3;③空心钉组:3枚空心钉的布置以经典的倒三角形状排列,确保固定效果的最大化。分析3种不同内固定方式下股骨近端骨折块和内固定装置的应力分布和位移;

结果与结论:①3组股骨近端模型的应力均集中在骨折线附近,联合组(201.10 MPa) <股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组(222.25 MPa) <空心钉组(271.25 MPa);②股骨近端移位峰值均位于顶部,联合组(6.33 mm) <股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组(9.37 mm) <空心钉组(9.92 mm);③内固定应力均集中于骨折断端处的螺钉表面,并从该处向两侧逐渐延伸,空心钉组(136.67 MPa) <联合组(201.10 MPa) < 股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组(222.25 MPa); ④内固定装置模型位移最大处均位于内固定物的最顶端,3组均由顶部至远端逐渐减小,位移峰值分别为:联合组(6.21 mm) <股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组(9.19 mm) <空心钉组(9.51 mm);⑤3组模型的近端骨块应力主要集中在骨折断端,特别是在骨折端靠下方的区域,这表明这些区域在力学传递过程中承受了较大的应力和应变,联合组(24.96 MPa) <股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组(39.69 MPa) <空心钉组(44.47 MPa);⑥结果说明股骨颈动力交叉钉系统联合空心钉在冠状面呈平行排列的内固定策略,相较于单一的股骨颈动力交叉钉系统固定或倒三角形空心钉固定,展现出了更高的生物力学稳定性,为青壮年PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折提供了更为可靠和有效的治疗方案。

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4986-0129 (张子义) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, 股骨颈系统, 空心钉, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures in young adults is extremely difficult. When treating Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures with internal fixation, it is not only necessary to ensure the mechanical stability of the internal fixation, but also to ensure that it can resist the impact of shear, compression and tension, so as to prevent the internal fixation from breaking or loosening due to fatigue during the fracture healing process. However, existing internal fixation methods do not fully meet our requirements for the treatment of this fracture.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a more reasonable and effective choice of internal fixation mode for clinicians in the treatment of young adults with Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture, so as to optimize the treatment effect, reduce the occurrence of complications, and improve the recovery speed and quality of life of patients. 
METHODS: A femoral neck fracture model with Pauwels angle of 70° was constructed using CT data extracted from volunteers, and three placement modes were set up: (1) femoral neck system group: the main nail of femoral neck system was located in the center of the femoral neck axis. (2) Combination group: The main nail of femoral neck system was located in the lower third of the femoral neck axis, and a cannulated compression screw was located in the upper third of the femoral neck axis. (3) Cannulated compression screw group: The arrangement of three cannulated compression screws was arranged in the classic inverted triangle shape to ensure the maximum fixed effect. Stress distribution and displacement of proximal femoral fracture fragments and internal fixation devices were analyzed under three different internal fixation methods.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stress of the proximal femur models in the three groups was concentrated near the fracture line: combination group (201.10 MPa) < femoral neck system group (222.25 MPa) < cannulated compression screw group (271.25 MPa). (2) The peak value of proximal femur displacement was located at the top: combination group (6.33 mm) < femoral neck system group (9.37 mm) < cannulated compression screw group (9.92 mm). (3) The internal fixation stress was concentrated on the screw surface at the broken end of the fracture and gradually extended from there to both sides; cannulated compression screw group (136.67 MPa) < combination group (201.10 MPa) < femoral neck system group (222.25 MPa). (4) The maximum displacement of the internal fixation device model was located at the very top of the internal fixation. The three groups gradually decreased from the top to the far end. The peak displacement values of combination group (6.21 mm) < femoral neck system group (9.19 mm) < cannulated compression screw group (9.51 mm). (5) The stress of proximal bone mass in the three models was mainly concentrated in the fracture end, especially in the lower part of the fracture end. This indicates that these regions were subjected to greater stress and strain during mechanical transfer; combination group (24.96 MPa) < femoral neck system group (39.69 MPa) < cannulated compression screw group (44.47 MPa). (6) The results indicate that the internal fixation strategy of femoral neck system combined with cannulated compression screw arranged in parallel coronal surface shows higher biomechanical stability than single femoral neck system fixation or cannulated compression screw in inverted triangle arrangement fixation, and provides a more reliable and effective solution for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture in young adults.  

Key words: femoral neck fracture, femoral neck system, cannulated compression screw, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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