中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (34): 7269-7277.doi: 10.12307/2025.498

• 组织工程骨材料 tissue-engineered bone • 上一篇    下一篇

温敏抗菌水凝胶治疗感染性骨缺损

任  波1,唐永亮1,李  妮2,刘邦定1   

  1. 西安市中心医院,1骨二科,2体检中心,陕西省西安市   710004
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-20 接受日期:2024-09-02 出版日期:2025-12-08 发布日期:2025-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 刘邦定,副主任医师,西安市中心医院骨二科,陕西省西安市 710004
  • 作者简介:任波,男,陕西省西安市人,汉族,主治医师,主要从事生物材料在骨组织工程中的应用研究。

Thermosensitive antibacterial hydrogel for treatment of infected bone defects

Ren Bo1, Tang Yongliang1, Li Ni2, Liu Bangding1   

  1. 1Second Department of Orthopedics, 2Health Examination Center, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-20 Accepted:2024-09-02 Online:2025-12-08 Published:2025-01-17
  • Contact: Liu Bangding, Associate chief physician, Second Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Ren Bo, Attending physician, Second Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

透明质酸:是一种高分子聚合物,由D-葡萄糖醛酸及N-乙酰葡糖胺通过β-1,3-和β-1,4-配糖键相连组成,这种独特的结构使得透明质酸在体内具有多种功能,在医学领域有着广泛应用。
氧化葡聚糖:是一种通过化学方法改性的葡聚糖,它的化学结构以葡萄糖为基本单位,通过不同的糖苷键连接形成多糖链,主要用于生物医学领域。


背景:治疗感染性骨缺损的传统方法为彻底清创、抗生素浸渍的骨水泥填充后进行自体骨移植,但存在抗生素浓度不足与耐药性、骨量有限等问题,因此,寻求在感染部位局部可控释放抗生素并促进骨修复的双功能生物材料具有重要临床意义。

目的:设计一种基于透明质酸和氧化葡聚糖组成的可注射水凝胶作为万古霉素的局部给药系统,以求治疗感染的同时促进骨再生。
方法:①制备载万古霉素的透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶,表征水凝胶的形貌、力学性能与体外药物释放。②将透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶、载万古霉素透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶分别与兔骨髓间充质干细胞共培养,通过活死染色、CCK-8实验检测细胞活性与增殖;成骨诱导后,进行碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色、RUNX2免疫荧光染色与RT-qPCR检测(骨钙素、骨形态发生蛋白2 mRNA表达),评估兔骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。③将上述两种水凝胶分别与大肠杆菌(或金黄色葡萄球菌)共培养,检测水凝胶的抗菌能力。④取30只家兔,建立左侧桡骨中段1.5 cm感染性骨缺损模型,造模2周后随机分3组干预:空白组(n=10)不进行任何处理,对照组(n=10)骨缺损部位注射透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶,实验组(n=10)骨缺损部位注射载万古霉素透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶。注射12周后取材,分别进行Micro-CT扫描、组织形态观察、RT-qPCR检测(肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6 mRNA表达)、免疫组化染色。

结果与结论:①载万古霉素透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶具有良好的多孔结构,孔径在100-300 μm之间,具有良好的力学性能与体外药物缓释性能。②活死染色、CCK-8实验证实载万古霉素透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性;碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色、RUNX2免疫荧光染色与RT-qPCR检测结果显示,两种水凝胶均可促进兔骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。③相较于透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶,载万古霉素透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶可显著抑制大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。④Micro-CT扫描结果显示,实验组骨缺损部位新生骨的骨体积分数、骨密度均高于空白组、对照组(P < 0.05);骨组织形态观察结果显示,实验组骨缺损的修复效果优于空白组、对照组;实验组骨缺损部位肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6 mRNA表达均低于空白组、对照组(P < 0.05);免疫组化染色显示,实验组、对照组骨缺损部位骨钙素、RUNX2蛋白表达均高于空白组(P < 0.05)。表明载万古霉素透明质酸/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶能够有效促进感染状态下的骨再生。

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8140-5507 (任波) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 感染性骨缺损, 药物递送系统, 透明质酸, 氧化葡聚糖, 水凝胶, 万古霉素, 骨修复, 工程化骨材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The traditional method for treating infected bone defects is thorough debridement, filling with antibiotic-impregnated bone cement, and then autologous bone transplantation. However, there are problems such as insufficient antibiotic concentration and drug resistance, and limited bone mass. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to seek dual-functional biomaterials that can locally release antibiotics at the site of infection and promote bone repair.
OBJECTIVE: To design an injectable hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid and oxidized dextran as a local delivery system for vancomycin to treat infection and promote bone regeneration.
METHODS: (1) Vancomycin-loaded hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogels were prepared to characterize the morphology, mechanical properties, and in vitro drug release of the hydrogels. (2) Hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogels and vancomycin-loaded hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogels were co-cultured with rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell activity and proliferation were detected by live-dead staining and CCK-8 assay. After osteogenic induction, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, RUNX2 immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR detection (osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 mRNA expression) were performed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (3) The above two hydrogels were co-cultured with Escherichia coli (or Staphylococcus aureus) to detect the antibacterial ability of the hydrogels. (4) Thirty rabbits were selected to establish a 1.5 cm infected bone defect model in the middle of the left radius. Two weeks after modeling, they were randomly divided into three intervention groups: the blank group (n=10) did not receive any treatment; the control group (n=10) was injected with hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogel at the bone defect site; the experimental group (n=10) was injected with vancomycin-loaded hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogel at the bone defect site. 12 weeks after injection, the samples were collected for Micro-CT scanning, tissue morphology observation, RT-qPCR detection (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 mRNA expression), and immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Vancomycin-loaded hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogel had a good porous structure with a pore size between 100-300 μm, and had good mechanical properties and in vitro drug sustained release performance. (2) Live-dead staining and CCK-8 assay results confirmed that vancomycin-loaded hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogel had good biocompatibility. Alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, RUNX2 immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR test results showed that both hydrogels could promote osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (3) Compared with hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogel, vancomycin-loaded hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogel could significantly inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. (4) Micro-CT scanning results showed that the bone volume fraction and bone density of new bone in the bone defect area of the experimental group were higher than those of the blank group and the control group (P < 0.05). The bone tissue morphology observation results showed that the experimental group had better repair effect of bone defects compared with the blank group and control group. The expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 mRNA in the bone defect site in the experimental group was lower than that in the blank group and control group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the protein expressions of osteocalcin and RUNX2 at the site of bone defects in the experimental group and control group were higher than those in the blank group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that vancomycin-loaded hyaluronic acid/oxidized dextran hydrogel can effectively promote bone regeneration under infection.

Key words: infected bone defect, drug delivery system, hyaluronic acid, oxidized dextran, hydrogel, vancomycin, bone repair, engineered bone material

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