中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (14): 2138-2143.doi: 10.12307/2022.473

• 皮肤粘膜组织构建 skin and mucosal tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮联合移植修复糖尿病足创面

高  磊,秦新愿,李天博,王  硕,于泽洋,王江宁   

  1. 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院矫形外科,北京市   100038
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-02 修回日期:2021-07-05 接受日期:2021-08-11 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
  • 通讯作者: 王江宁,博士,主任医师,首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院矫形外科,北京市 100038
  • 作者简介:高磊,男,1985年生,河北省石家庄市人,汉族,首都医科大学毕业,博士,主治医师,主要从事骨外科、显微外科、难愈合创面的修复及微循环重建的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    首都临床特色应用研究与成果推广(Z171100001017070),项目负责人:王江宁

Co-transplantation of acellular allogeneic dermis and autologous split-thickness skin for repairing diabetic foot wound

Gao Lei, Qin Xinyuan, Li Tianbo, Wang Shuo, Yu Zeyang, Wang Jiangning   

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
  • Received:2021-07-02 Revised:2021-07-05 Accepted:2021-08-11 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2021-12-21
  • Contact: Wang Jiangning, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
  • About author:Gao Lei, MD, Attending physician, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
  • Supported by:
    the Capital Clinical Application Research and Achievement Popularization, No. Z171100001017070 (to WJN)

摘要:

文题释义:
脱细胞同种异体真皮:同种异体移植物由网状真皮层组成,采用无菌技术和温和的工艺制备,以保持组织的天然结构完整性和基质蛋白,同时将免疫原性降至最低。组织学分析证实,这种无菌处理的人网状无细胞真皮基质保留了人体网状真皮中自然存在的均质、多孔结构和关键的细胞外基质成分,包括保留Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ型胶原和弹性蛋白。脱细胞同种异体真皮在移植后,基质成分可有效调节诱导成纤维细胞长入、增生,使保留的基底膜能有效诱导新生上皮细胞的生长及分化,从而为自体表皮成活及与真皮层进行紧密连接提供良好的条件。
移植排斥反应:是指同种异体组织移植于受者后,受者启动自身免疫系统,将异体组织作为“非己成分”识别,发起针对移植物的攻击、破坏和清除的免疫学反应。排斥反应的发生机制主要包括细胞免疫和体液免疫两个方面。临床最常见的急性排斥反应主要由细胞免疫介导,而超急性排斥反应和慢性排斥反应主要由体液免疫介导。

背景:近年来应用脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮联合移植修复烧伤功能部位创面取得了不错的效果,但是关于该项技术在糖尿病足创面修复中的应用鲜有报道。  
目的:探讨脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮联合移植在糖尿病足创面修复中的临床应用价值。
方法:回顾分析2017年5月至2020年4月采用脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮联合移植治疗的26例糖尿病足患者临床资料(观察组),与同期采用单纯自体刃厚皮修复的26例患者(对照组)进行比较。比较两组术后创面感染例数、皮片成活率、再手术率、创面愈合时间及随访期的创面复发率。研究方案经首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院科学研究伦理委员会批准。所有患者及家属已签署知情同意书。
结果与结论:①对照组术后8例患者发生创面植皮修复区域感染,其中6例患者植皮区域组织坏死,植皮未成活,经二次手术修复,2例患者经过换药治疗后愈合;观察组术后2例发生感染,创面修复失败,经过换药治疗后愈合;观察组皮片成活率为(92.3%)显著高于对照组皮片成活率(69.2%)(P < 0.05);观察组患者再手术率显著低于对照组再手术率(0,23.1%)(P < 0.05);②观察组患者愈合时间为(16.15±2.68) d,较对照组(21.92±3.05) d显著缩短(t=-7.25,P < 0.05);③两组患者术后均获3个月至1年随访,随访期间观察组2例患者创面复发再次入院治疗,对照组9例患者创面复发再次入院治疗,观察组创面复发率显著低于对照组(7.7%,34.6%)(P < 0.05);④结论:与单纯自体刃厚皮修复相比,应用脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮联合移植修复创面,虽然适当增加了患者的住院费用,但是通过促进皮片成活缩短了创面愈合时间,其修复的创面耐摩擦减少了糖尿病足创面复发。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-9529 (高磊) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 糖尿病足, 脱细胞同种异体真皮, 自体刃厚皮, 创面修复

Abstract: BACKGROUND:  In recent years, the combined transplantation of acellular allogeneic dermis and autologous split-thickness skin has achieved good results in burn wound repair at functional sites; however, few reports have documented the application of this technology in the repair of diabetic foot wounds.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of co-transplantation of acellular allogeneic dermis and autologous split-thickness skin in the repair of diabetic foot wound.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 52 patients with diabetic foot wound who were treated with co-transplantation of acellular allogeneic dermis and autologous split-thickness skin (experimental group, n=26) or with autologous split-thickness skin (control group, n=26) between May 2017 and April 2020. The number of postoperative wound infection, skin graft survival rate, reoperation rate, wound healing time and wound recurrence rate during the 1-year follow-up period were compared between the two groups. An approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and their relatives. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the control group, eight patients developed infection in the skin graft area after operation, and among them, six patients had skin graft necrosis. After secondary operation, 2 out of the 6 patients healed after dressing treatment. In the experimental group, two patients developed infection after operation, and their wounds failed to be repaired but healed after dressing. The survival rate of skin graft in the experimental group (92.3%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (69.2%; P < 0.05). The reoperation rate of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (0 vs. 23.1%; P < 0.05). The wound healing time in the experimental group was (16.15±2.68) days, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(21.92±3.05) days; t=-7.25, P < 0.05]. The patients in both groups were followed up for 3 months to 1 year after operation. During the follow-up period, two patients in the experimental group and nine patients in the control group were re-hospitalized after wound recurrence. The wound recurrence rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (7.7% vs. 34.6%; P < 0.05). Therefore, compared with autologous split-thickness skin graft, the co-transplantation of acellular allogeneic dermis and autologous split-thickness skin can promote the survival of the skin and shorten the healing time of the wound. The repaired wound is friction-resistant, which reduces the recurrence of diabetic foot wound, even though there is an increase in hospital cost.

Key words: diabetic foot, acellular allogeneic dermis, autologous split-thickness skin graft, wound repair

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