中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11): 1671-1676.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2535

• 神经组织构建 nerve tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤可提高小鼠同种异体坐骨神经移植效率

徐筑秋,陆海滨,冯蔚枫,杨晓楠,祁佐良   

  1. 中国医学科学院北京协和医院整形外科医院,北京市  100041
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-21 修回日期:2019-05-28 接受日期:2019-07-10 出版日期:2020-04-18 发布日期:2020-02-21
  • 通讯作者: 杨晓楠,副主任医师,副教授,中国医学科学院北京协和医院整形外科医院,北京市 100041 祁佐良,主任医师,教授,中国医学科学院北京协和医院整形外科医院,北京市 100041
  • 作者简介:徐筑秋,女,1992年生,贵州省贵阳市人,汉族,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院整形外科医院在读博士,主要从事周围神经损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81571921);国家自然科学基金(81671908);北京协和医学院研究生创新基金(2017-1002-1-10)

3-Methyladenine improves the efficiency of sciatic nerve allograft in mice

Xu Zhuqiu, Lu Haibin, Feng Weifeng, Yang Xiaonan, Qi Zuoliang   

  1. Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100041, China
  • Received:2019-05-21 Revised:2019-05-28 Accepted:2019-07-10 Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-02-21
  • Contact: Yang Xiaonan, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100041, China Qi Zuoliang, Chief physician, Professor, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100041, China
  • About author:Xu Zhuqiu, MD candidate, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100041, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81571921 and 81671908; the Innovation Fund of Graduate Students, CAMS, PUMC, No. 2017-1002-1-10

摘要:

文题释义:
细胞自噬:指细胞在受到创伤、饥饿、缺氧、感染等应激状态下的一种自我保护机制,这一过程可以无选择性地发生于所有真核细胞中,真核细胞通过自噬作用清除老化的细胞器和蛋白,以此来维持细胞生长发育的平衡。自噬过程主要的诱发因素是饥饿,即细胞营养物质的缺乏,此外也可通过一些感染、损伤、特定的蛋白如热休克蛋白、细胞因子等选择性地引发。
华勒氏变性:是指周围神经损伤后,残留的轴突及髓鞘结构迅速发生退化、崩解、吸收的过程。这一复杂过程有多种细胞因子及炎症细胞参与,是周围神经损伤后最重要的病理变化过程之一,影响损伤后续的修复再生。

背景:近年最新研究表明,华勒氏变性的发生与许旺细胞的自噬活动密切相关,对许旺细胞自噬活动进行调控,可以显著影响华勒氏变性的发生发展,从而改变后续的轴突再生及髓鞘化过程。

目的:在同种异体神经移植中对移植片段的细胞自噬过程进行抑制,观察是否影响移植后的修复效率。

方法:获取8只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠(购自北京维通利华)坐骨神经片段16条,分2组,分别于含自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤的培养基及普通培养基中处理72 h。取16只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠,建立左侧坐骨神经缺损模型,实验组(n=8)植入含自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤培养基处理过的坐骨神经片段,对照组(n=8)植入普通培养基处理的坐骨神经片段,术后2,4,6,8周,记录坐骨神经指数;术后8周取再生坐骨神经段,分别进行苏木精-伊红染色、免疫荧光染色、甲苯胺蓝染色、透射电镜观察等。动物实验通过北京协和医学院动物伦理委员会批准。

结果与结论:①实验组术后8周的坐骨神经指数高于对照组(P < 0.05),其余时间点两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②苏木精-伊红染色显示,实验组神经组织完整,对照组神经组织可见大面积空洞;③免疫荧光染色显示,实验组可见较完整的神经束结构,对照组未见完整的神经束结构;④甲苯胺蓝染色显示,实验组可见有髓神经纤维和部分再生无髓神经纤维,对照组仅见少量有髓神经纤维与新生无髓轴突;⑤透射电镜显示,实验组髓鞘厚度及有髓纤维直径均大于对照组(P < 0.05);⑥结果表明应用3-甲基腺嘌呤处理移植前神经片段,可抑制许旺细胞自噬,有助于保留移植物髓鞘结构完整性,促进轴突再生及功能的恢复。

ORCID: 0000-0002-6259-2668(徐筑秋)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 细胞自噬, 同种异体神经移植, 周围神经损伤, 显微外科, 修复重建, 许旺细胞, 华勒氏变性, 组织工程

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that the occurrence of Wallerian degeneration is closely related to autophagy in Schwann cells. The regulation of autophagy in Schwann cells can significantly affect the occurrence and development of Wallerian degeneration, subsequently altering axon regeneration and myelination.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether sciatic nerve allograft can achieve higher efficiency when the cell autophagy is inhibited by 3-methyladenine. 

METHODS: We harvested 16 sciatic nerve segments from 8 female C57BL/6J mice that were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. in China. All the segments were equally divided into experimental and control groups and cultured in 3-methyladenine culture medium and normal culture medium for 72 hours, respectively. Another 16 female C57BL/6J mice were taken to make animal models of left sciatic nerve defects. After modeling, the sciatic nerve segments were grafted to repair sciatic nerve defect through microsurgery: 3-methyladenine-treated nerve segments in the experimental group and normally treated nerve segments in the control group. Sciatic nerve index in each mouse was recorded at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after modeling. At 8 weeks after modeling, the regenerated nerve segments were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunofluorescent staining, toluidine blue staining, and transmission electron. The animal experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no differences in the sciatic nerve index between the two groups (P > 0.05) except at 8 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed an intact nerve structure in the experimental group but a large area of voids in the control group. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that there were nerve tracts with more complete structures in the experimental group than the control group. Toluidine blue staining revealed some myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers regenerated in the experimental group and only a few of myelinated nerve fibers and unmyelinated axons newly formed in the control group. Under the transmission electron microscope, myelin sheath thickness and myelinated fiber diameter were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, 3-methyladenine-treated nerve allografts could inhibit autophagy in Schwann cells, maintain the myelin sheath structure of the allograft, and promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery.

Key words: autophagy, allograft, peripheral nerve injury, microsurgery, repair and reconstruction, Schwann cells, Wallerian degeneration, tissue engineering

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