中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (16): 2592-2598.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2269

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

异种煅烧骨材料修复骨缺损:特点、优势与问题

李  芳,伍  超,石前会,程余婷,周  倩,霍  花,齐昱晗,董  强,廖  健   

  1. 贵州医科大学口腔医学院/附属口腔医院,贵州省贵阳市  550004
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-18 修回日期:2019-10-24 接受日期:2019-11-29 出版日期:2020-06-08 发布日期:2020-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 廖健,博士,副教授,副主任医师,硕士生导师,贵州医科大学口腔医学院修复学教研室,贵州医科大学附属口腔医院修复种植科,贵州省贵阳市 550004
  • 作者简介:李芳,女,1992 年生,汉族,河南省周口市人,贵州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔修复与种植学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81660179);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合LH [2016]7257)

Repairing bone defects with heterogeneous calcined bone materials: characteristics, advantages and problems

Li Fang, Wu Chao, Shi Qianhui, Cheng Yuting, Zhou Qian, Huo Hua, Qi Yuhan, Dong Qiang, Liao Jian   

  1. School/Hospital of Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2019-10-18 Revised:2019-10-24 Accepted:2019-11-29 Online:2020-06-08 Published:2020-03-27
  • Contact: Liao Jian, MD, Associate professor, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, School/Hospital of Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Li Fang, Master candidate, School/Hospital of Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81660179; the Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province, No. LH[2016]7257

摘要:

文题释义:
拔牙位点保存:当由于各种原因拔除牙齿后,其周围的牙槽骨在前6个月将会发生水平向和垂直向上的严重吸收,导致种植手术时骨量不足,严重影响种植修复的成功率。许多学者建议在彻底拔除牙齿的同时,于拔牙窝内放置骨粉和骨膜进行保护和修复性干预,将会显著减少周围牙槽嵴生理或病理性的骨吸收、阻断周围龈缘和龈乳头的退缩,保存牙槽窝周围软硬组织的高度和形态,并改善新生软硬组织的质量,为后期的种植美学修复创造良好条件。
爬行替代:在具有良好血供的骨损伤区域植入骨移植材料后,将会激活骨再生程序:破骨细胞开始活动,并在植骨材料上进行骨吸收,形成一条条“沟”状缺损,引导骨原细胞进入,随之分化为成骨细胞,成骨细胞分泌大量的类骨质,钙化成骨基质,成熟为骨单位。即在骨移植材料逐渐吸收的部位新生骨组织逐渐形成,充填骨吸收的凹陷。

背景:牙种植区域的牙槽骨骨量不足增加了种植手术难度,植骨材料的出现成功解决了此类难题。在所有单一植骨材料中,异种煅烧骨被广泛用于治疗骨缺损,但单独使用煅烧骨时仍然存在一些缺点。

目的:结合最新的相关研究动态,对异种煅烧骨材料修复骨缺损的相关研究进展作以综述。

方法:第一作者以“calcined bone,xenogeneic bone,bone augmentation,bone substitute”为英文检索词,以“煅烧骨、异种骨、骨增量、骨替代材料”为中文检索词,应用计算机检索 PubMed、维普、万方、知网数据库中1986年1月至2019年11月已发表的相关文献,并进行筛选、归纳与总结,最终纳入69篇相关文献进行综述。

结果与结论:在所有骨移植材料中,异种煅烧骨的结构与人类骨骼相似,具有良好的互连孔性,便于血管因子和骨原细胞进入,为新骨形成提供了通道和支架作用,同时具有良好的生物相容性及一定的降解作用,受到临床医生们的青睐。但其本身仍然存在溶解度较低、吸收缓慢、机械性能较差等不足,这就促使研究者们研发出将煅烧骨与陶瓷、聚合物、骨诱导因子及金属离子等其他材料复合,发挥出所参与材料的优点,从而使复合材料成为骨增量材料的首选。

ORCID: 0000-0002-0313-7462(李芳)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 煅烧骨, 异种骨, 骨移植, 骨增量, 骨缺损, 骨替代材料, 复合材料, 组织工程

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Insufficient alveolar bone volume in the dental implant area increases the difficulty of implant surgery, and the emergence of bone graft materials has successfully solved such problems. Among all single bone graft materials, xenogeneic calcined bone is widely used for the treatment of bone defects. However, there are still some disadvantages when using calcined bone alone.

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in the repair of bone defects by heterogeneous calcined bone materials based on the latest relevant research trends.

METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, VIP, WanFang and CNKI databases for relevant articles published from January 1986 to November 2019. The search terms were “calcined bone, xenogeneic bone, bone augmentation, bone substitute” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 69 eligible articles were included for result analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In all bone graft materials, calcined xenogeneic bone has good interconnectivity due to its similar characteristics to human bone structure. It facilitates the entry of vascular factors and osteogenic cells, provides channels and scaffolding for new bone formation, and has good biocompatibility and certain degradation, so it is preferred by surgeons. However, there are still some shortcomings, such as low solubility, slow absorption and poor mechanical property, which prompt researchers to develop a composite of calcined bone with ceramics, polymer, osteoinductive factor and metal ion. This can utilize the advantages of the involved materials, and thus the composite becomes a first choice of bone increment.

Key words: calcined bone, xenogenic bone, bone graft, bone increment, bone defect, bone substitute material, composite, tissue engineering

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