中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (18): 2947-2852.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.18.028

• 器官移植动物模型 organ transplantation and animal model • 上一篇    

构建医疗过程缺陷分析与风险评估的模型及方法

张  颖,康  锐   

  1. 北京航空航天大学可靠性与系统工程学院,北京市  100191
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-10 出版日期:2015-04-30 发布日期:2015-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 康锐,博士,博士生导师,教育部长江学者特聘教授,北京航空航天大学可靠性与系统工程学院总工程师,北京市100191
  • 作者简介:张颖,女,1973年生,河北省唐山市人,汉族,北京航空航天大学在读博士。

Models and methods of failure analysis and risk assessment during medical treatment

Zhang Ying, Kang Rui   

  1. School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2015-02-10 Online:2015-04-30 Published:2015-04-30
  • Contact: Kang Rui, M.D., Doctoral supervisor, Professor, School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China
  • About author:Zhang Ying, Studying for doctorate, School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China

摘要:

背景:医疗风险是医疗服务过程中可能发生的一切对患者造成损害或不安全的事件,现有的医疗风险管理主要以定性的经验为主,尚缺乏一种对既定的医疗救治过程进行系统规范的缺陷分析与风险评估的方法。
目的:构建医疗过程缺陷分析与风险评估模型,发现医疗过程可能存在的风险,提出消除或降低这些风险的有效措施。
方法:可靠性工程中的故障模式与影响分析方法应用于制造过程,即针对产品在生产过程中每个工序可能发生的工艺故障模式、原因及其对产品造成的所有影响,进行风险评估并对工艺薄弱环节制定改进措施,使风险达到可接受的水平。参考制造过程的故障模式与影响分析,可制定医疗过程缺陷分析与风险评估实施步骤,分析医疗过程中潜在缺陷,并对风险较高的薄弱环节提出改进措施,预防对患者造成重大不利影响的风险发生。
结果与结论:借鉴故障模式与影响分析建立医疗过程缺陷分析和风险评估方法与基本步骤,以某医院目前急诊心肌梗死抢救过程为例,以抢救步骤中的“患者嚼服300 mg阿司匹林”为重点对象进行缺陷、原因和影响分析,并对不可接受的缺陷和原因提出改进措施和建议。从分析结果可见,文章提出的改进措施和建议可以显著降低该步骤的缺陷给患者带来的风险。因此将故障模式与影响分析应用到医疗过程,有较强的实用价值。



中国组织工程研究
杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程


全文链接:

关键词: 组织构建, 组织工程, 故障模式与影响分析, 医疗过程, 缺陷, 风险, 风险分析, 风险优先数, 急性心肌梗死, 改进措施

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Medical risks are all unsafe events or that damage to the patient during medical services. Present medical risk management is mainly qualitative experience, and lacks of regular failure analysis and risk assessment for established medical treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To construct models of medical process failure analysis and risk assessment, find possible risks during medical treatment, and propose effective measures to eliminate or decrease above risks.
METHODS: Failure mode and effects analysis during reliability engineering were used in production. That was, risk assessment was conducted in the possible technical failure modes, causes and all impacts on the product during each process. Improvement measures were made for weak link during the process. The risk could reach an acceptable level. In accordance with failure mode and effects analysis during production, the procedure of medical process failure analysis and risk assessment could be made to analyze the potential failures during medical treatment. Moreover, the improvement measures were proposed for weak link with high risks so as to prevent the occurrence of risk of significant adverse effects on patients.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The methods and basic procedures of medical process failure analysis and risk assessment were established by using the experience of failure mode and effects analysis. Taking the rescue process of myocardial infarction in the emergency of a hospital as an example, the analysis of failures, reasons and impacts was performed taking “chewing 300 mg aspirin” in the rescue steps as a key. The improvement 
measures and suggestions were proposed for unacceptable failures and reasons. Seen from the analysis results, proposed improvement measures and suggestions can obviously decrease the risks of failures caused by this step to patients. Therefore, the application of failure mode and effects analysis in medical treatment has a strong practical value.



中国组织工程研究
杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程


全文链接:

Key words: Tissue Engineering, Risk Adjustment, Myocardial Infarction

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