中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (30): 7854-7860.doi: 10.12307/2026.965

• 口腔组织构建 oral tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

3D打印氧化石墨烯复合生物支架的制备及性能

徐海龙1,丁  越1,张  悦2,王佳宁1,张  辉1    

  1. 1辽宁省人民医院口腔科,辽宁省沈阳市   110000;2山东第一医科大学第二附属医院口腔科,山东省泰安市   271000
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-23 修回日期:2026-07-07 出版日期:2026-10-28 发布日期:2026-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 张辉,硕士,主任医师,辽宁省人民医院口腔科,辽宁省沈阳市 110000
  • 作者简介:徐海龙,男,1980年生,辽宁省大连市人,汉族,主任医师,主要从事颌面部组织缺损及颌面部组织缺损修复治疗的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2023JH2/101300115),项目名称:3D打印氧化石墨烯复合生物支架修复颌骨缺损,项目负责人:张辉

Preparation and performance of 3D-printed graphene oxide composite bioscaffolds

Xu Hailong1, Ding Yue1, Zhang Yue2, Wang Jianing1, Zhang Hui1   

  1. 1Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China 
  • Received:2026-06-23 Revised:2026-07-07 Online:2026-10-28 Published:2026-09-11
  • Contact: Zhang Hui, MS, Chief Physician, Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Xu Hailong, Chief Physician, Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, No. 2023JH2/101300115 (to ZH)

摘要:


文题释义:
氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架:是一种以氧化石墨烯、壳聚糖、β-磷酸三钙为主要原料制成的新型3D生物打印再生支架,具有良好的机械性能、细胞相容性,可用于修复骨缺损。
挤出式3D打印技术:由活塞、螺旋或气动压力结构系统驱动,通过微喷头挤压高黏度生物墨水,并通过物理或化学交联方法沉积在建筑平台上,打印具有高精度的三维结构。挤出式3D打印技术不需要高温及光固化的参与,能够更好地保留聚合物的活性,但该技术是一种基于材料挤压的成型方法,因此,需要在每种材料的特定黏度范围内选择溶剂或前驱体溶液比例来控制墨水的可打印性。在打印过程中,可以通过调整材料的种类、复合材料的比例或打印参数来制造理想的支架。

背景:在颌面骨缺损修复中,3D生物打印技术可通过重建缺损部位的解剖结构,应用生物材料精确堆积出个性化植入物,使组织形态和功能得以恢复。
目的:构建3D打印氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架,分析该支架的理化、生物性能。
方法:分别配置壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙生物墨水与氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙生物墨水,采用挤出式3D打印技术分别制备壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架与氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架,检测两种支架的微观形貌、压缩性能与吸水率。采用Transwell小室将两种支架分别与小鼠胚胎成骨细胞前体细胞MC3T3-E1以非接触方式共培养,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,活/死染色检测细胞活性。
结果与结论:扫描电镜下两组支架呈现规则的三维网格状结构,表面粗糙,表面与截面挤出的墨水直径相对均匀(200-500 μm),支架内各孔径大小相似,孔径均在100-400 μm之间,符合人工骨支架对于孔径尺寸的要求。两组支架均有一定的抗压性,稳定塑性应变均超过8%,壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架的极限抗压强度为54.76 MPa,氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架的极限抗压强度为17.95 MPa,均可满足组织工程中对于骨组织缺损支架的要求。两组支架均可在6 h内达到溶胀平衡且没有产生形变,其中氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架的吸水率明显高于壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架。CCK-8检测显示氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架的促MC3T3-E1细胞增殖作用强于壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架,活/死染色显示两种支架上的MC3T3-E1细胞均展现良好的细胞活性。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-7090 (徐海龙) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 3D生物打印, 氧化石墨烯, 生物支架, 壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架, 氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-磷酸三钙支架, 生物性能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the repair of maxillofacial bone defects, 3D bioprinting technology enables the reconstruction of the anatomical structure of the defect site. By precisely depositing biomaterials, it facilitates the fabrication of personalized implants, thereby restoring tissue morphology and function.
OBJECTIVE: A 3D-printed graphene oxide/chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold was constructed, and its physicochemical and biological properties were analyzed.
METHODS: Chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate and graphene oxide/chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate bioinks were respectively formulated. Using extrusion-based 3D printing technology, chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate and graphene oxide/chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds were fabricated. The microstructure, compressive properties, and water absorption rate of the two types of scaffolds were characterized. The scaffolds were then co-cultured with mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) in a noncontact manner using Transwell chambers. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, and cell viability was assessed via live/dead staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scanning electron microscopy revealed that both scaffolds exhibited a regular three-dimensional grid-like structure with rough surfaces. The diameters of the extruded filaments on the surface and in cross-section were relatively uniform, ranging from 200 to 500 μm. The pore sizes within the scaffolds were similar, all being within the range of 100–400 μm, meeting the requirements for artificial bone scaffolds in terms of pore dimensions. Both scaffolds demonstrated certain compressive resistance, with stable plastic strain exceeding 8%. The ultimate compressive strength of the chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold was 54.76 MPa, while that of the graphene oxide/chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold was 17.95 MPa. Both values meet the mechanical requirements for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Both scaffolds reached swelling equilibrium within 6 hours without undergoing deformation. Notably, the water absorption rate of the graphene oxide/chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold was significantly higher than that of the chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold. The CCK-8 assay showed that the graphene oxide/chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation to a greater extent than the chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold. Live/dead staining demonstrated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on both scaffolds exhibited good cell viability.


Key words: 3D Bioprinting, graphene oxide, biological scaffold, chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold, graphene oxide/chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold, biological properties

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