中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 175-183.doi: 10.12307/2025.569

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

干细胞外泌体和生物材料辅助外泌体修复骨缺损

刘  念1,董昕玥2,王菘芃1,徐英江1,张晓明1   

  1. 1滨州医学院附属医院,山东省滨州市   256600;2滨州市人民医院,山东省滨州市   256600
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-28 接受日期:2024-12-14 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2025-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 徐英江,博士,副主任医师,滨州医学院附属医院,山东省滨州市 256600; 并列通讯作者:张晓明,硕士,主任医师,滨州医学院附属医院,山东省滨州市 256600
  • 作者简介:刘念,男,1997年生,滨州医学院在读硕士,医师,主要从事口腔修复研究。 并列第一作者:董昕玥,女,1997年生,2024年滨州医学院毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事骨组织工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82200981),项目负责人:徐英江;山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QH358),项目负责人:徐英江;山东省泰山学者项目专项资金(tsqn202312384),项目负责人:徐英江

Stem cell exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes in bone defect repair

Liu Nian1, Dong Xinyue2, Wang Songpeng1, Xu Yingjiang1, Zhang Xiaoming1   

  1. 1Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; 2Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-09-28 Accepted:2024-12-14 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Xu Yingjiang, MD, Associate chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; Co-corresponding author: Zhang Xiaoming, MS, Chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Liu Nian, Master candidate, Physician, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China. Dong Xinyue, MS, Physician, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China. Liu Nian and Dong Xinyue contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82200981 (to XYJ); Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2022QH358 (to XYJ); Shandong Taishan Scholars Program Special Fund, No. tsqn202312384 (to XYJ)

摘要:

文题释义:

干细胞外泌体:间充质干细胞分泌的直径为30-150 nm的细胞外囊泡,其中包含多种蛋白质、脂质和核酸等生物活性物质,在生理和病理环境下具有介导细胞间通讯、促进抗原提呈等功能,在组织再生领域表现出极高的潜力。
生物材料:是用于与生命系统接触和发生相互作用的,并能对细胞、组织和器官进行诊断治疗、替换修复或诱导再生的一类天然或人工合成的特殊功能材料。在骨缺损修复过程中作为载体的生物材料应具有良好的机械性能、生物相容性、低毒性、低免疫原性等特性,并能负载药物等到达骨缺损处发挥促成骨作用。

摘要
背景:已有大量研究表明,干细胞外泌体在骨缺损修复过程中发挥着重要作用,既能直接作为载体负载其他小分子或表面修饰,也能与生物材料结合促进骨组织的修复和再生。
目的:综述不同来源干细胞外泌体的成骨机制及在骨缺损修复中的研究进展。
方法:以“干细胞,外泌体,骨,生物材料,载体,生物陶瓷,聚合物,金属,水凝胶,工程化外泌体”为中文检索词,检索中国知网,以“stem cell,exosome,bone defect,biomaterial,carrier,bioceramic,ploymer,metal material,hydrogel,engineering exosome”为英文检索词,检索PubMed数据库,依据纳入和排除标准,最终纳入相关文献77篇进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:不同来源干细胞外泌体可以促进成骨细胞增殖和分化,促进血管生成,并调节破骨细胞活性和巨噬细胞表型进而促进骨形成和骨矿化。另外,从生物材料辅助外泌体和工程化外泌体两个方面阐述了外泌体在骨缺损修复领域取得的诸多成果。然而目前关于干细胞外泌体在骨组织工程中的研究仍然不足,且这些研究大多仅限于小动物模型,而包括人类在内的大型动物骨缺损治疗更加复杂,这也将是外泌体疗法推广过程中的巨大挑战。

关键词: 干细胞外泌体, 骨缺损, 骨再生, 骨修复, 成骨, 成血管, 生物支架, 载体

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A large number of studies have demonstrated that stem cell exosomes play an important role in the repair of bone defects, either directly as carriers for loading other small molecules or surface modifications, or by binding to biomaterials to promote the repair and regeneration of bone tissue.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the osteogenic mechanisms of stem cell exosomes from different sources and their research progress in bone defect repair. 
METHODS: Chinese search terms “stem cell, exosome, bone, biomaterial, carrier, bioceramic, polymer, metal, hydrogel, engineered exosome” were used to search CNKI. English search terms “stem cell, exosome, bone defect, biomaterial, carrier, bioceramic, ploymer, metal material, hydrogel, engineering exosome” were used to search PubMed database. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 77 relevant articles were finally included for summary.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exosomes from stem cells of different origins can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, promote angiogenesis, and regulate osteoclast activity and macrophage phenotype to promote bone formation and bone mineralization. In addition, many achievements of exosomes in the field of bone defect repair were described from two aspects: biomaterial-assisted exosomes and engineered exosomes. However, the current research on stem cell exosomes in bone tissue engineering is still insufficient, and most of these studies are limited to small animal models, while the treatment of bone defects in large animals, including humans, will be more complex, which will also become a major challenge for the treatment of bone defects. This will also be a great challenge in the dissemination of exosome therapy.


Key words: stem cell exosome, bone defect, bone regeneration, bone repair, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, bioscaffold, carrier

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