中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (36): 9505-9518.doi: 10.12307/2026.903

• 口腔组织构建 oral tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

下颌阻生第三磨牙分冠治疗影响周围组织生物力学效应的三维有限元分析

李声昊1,张博锐1,马宇锋1,2   

  1. 1山西医科大学口腔医学院,山西省太原市  030000;2山西医科大学第二医院口腔科,山西省太原市  030000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15 修回日期:2026-03-07 出版日期:2026-12-28 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 马宇锋,主任医师,山西医科大学口腔医学院,山西省太原市 030000;山西医科大学第二医院口腔科,山西省太原市 030000
  • 作者简介:李声昊,男,1999年生,山西省运城市人,汉族,2025年山西医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事口腔颌面外科的研究。

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the biomechanical effects on surrounding tissues following crown-by-crown treatment of impacted mandibular third molars

Li Shenghao1, Zhang Borui1, Ma Yufeng1, 2   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China; 2Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-10-15 Revised:2026-03-07 Online:2026-12-28 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: Ma Yufeng, Chief physician, School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China; Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Li Shenghao, MS, Physician, School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:



文题释义:
三维有限元:三维有限元分析是计算力学和工程仿真中的一种强大的数值方法,其核心思想是将复杂的三维几何结构和物理场离散化(分割)成大量简单的、互相连接的小单元(如四面体、六面体、五面体),这些单元被称为有限元。然后通过求解一系列数学方程来模拟物理现象在这些单元上的行为,从而近似求解整个复杂系统的物理响应。
生物力学:是一门交叉学科,它应用力学(经典物理学中的分支,研究力、运动、变形和流动)的原理、理论和方法,来理解、分析、模拟和预测生物系统的结构、功能、运动、响应和调控,它关注的是生命体中的力学现象。

背景:阻生下颌第三磨牙拔除术是口腔颌面外科中常见的手术之一,其中传统劈冠去骨操作易引发邻牙损伤、下牙槽神经损伤及颌骨骨折等并发症。微创拔牙技术虽显著降低了术中创伤,但其分冠操作参数(如切削深度、宽度、角度)仍依赖经验性判断,缺乏生物力学量化标准。
目的:通过三维有限元构建下颌水平中位阻生第三磨牙及周围组织,分析不同切削深度、切削宽度和切削角度对牙冠断裂效应和周围组织生物力学的影响,为精准分冠操作提供量化标准。 
方法:提取牙列完整的健康志愿者下颌第三磨牙区锥形束CT数据,通过三维重建软件Mimics 21.0、逆向工程软件Geomagic 21.0和三维计算机辅助设计软件Soildwork 2022,生成下颌第三磨牙区模型,包括下颌第三磨牙、下颌第二磨牙、颌骨(皮质骨和松质骨)、下牙槽神经管。采用Ansys 2021 R1有限元软件模拟临床分冠操作,通过施加35 N垂直载荷,探讨切削参数(深度:11 mm、10.5 mm、10 mm、9.5 mm、
9 mm;宽度:1.5 mm、1 mm;角度:0°,10°,20°,30°)对牙冠断裂效应、周围组织的应力分布特征和位移响应规律的影响。
结果与结论:成功构建了不同切削参数分冠的三维有限元模型,并通过三维有限元分析得出以下结论:①分冠时使用1.5 mm直径车针,在10-11 mm的切削深度和0°-10°的切削角度为最优参数组合,可在确保牙冠完全断裂(牙冠最大Von Mises应力值≥250 MPa)的同时,实现邻牙、下牙槽神经管和颌骨保护,为微创拔牙的分冠操作提供了精准的生物力学指导;②在水平中位阻生的下颌第三磨牙拔除操作中,切削深度和切削宽度的选择应建立在牙冠可以完全断裂的基础上,充分消除牙冠周围的阻力结构,为后续的操作提供理想空间,避免对周围组织的损伤;③在水平中位阻生的下颌第三磨牙拔除操作中,切削角度的选择应尽量与第二磨牙牙体长轴平行(0°-10°)以保证牙冠断裂效率以及对周围组织的保护。
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7543-9165(李声昊)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 三维有限元分析, 下颌第三磨牙, 锥形束CT, 微创拔牙, 分冠术

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is one of the common procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Traditional crown-splitting and bone-removing techniques are prone to complications such as adjacent tooth injury, inferior alveolar nerve damage, and jaw fracture. Although minimally invasive extraction techniques have significantly reduced intraoperative trauma, the parameters for sectioning operations (e.g., cutting depth, width, and angle) still rely on empirical judgment and lack biomechanical quantitative standards.  
OBJECTIVE: To construct a three-dimensional finite element model of a horizontally and mesially impacted mandibular third molar and surrounding tissues, and to analyze the biomechanical effects of varying cutting depths, widths, and angles on crown fracture and surrounding tissues, thereby providing quantitative standards for precise crown sectioning.  
METHODS: Cone-beam CT data of the mandibular third molar region from a healthy volunteer with complete dentition were extracted. The mandibular third molar region model, including the mandibular third molar, mandibular second molar, mandibular bone (cortical and cancellous bone), and inferior alveolar nerve canal, was generated using three-dimensional reconstruction software Mimics 21.0, reverse engineering software Geomagic 21.0, and three-dimensional computer-aided design software SolidWorks 2022. Finite element software Ansys 2021 R1 was used to simulate clinical crown sectioning by applying a 35 N vertical load to investigate the effects of cutting parameters (depth: 11 mm, 10.5 mm, 10 mm, 9.5 mm, 9 mm; width: 1.5 mm, 1 mm; angle: 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°) on crown fracture, stress distribution characteristics in surrounding tissues, and displacement response patterns.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional finite element models of crown sectioning with different cutting parameters were successfully constructed. Through three-dimensional finite element analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) When sectioning the crown using a 1.5 mm diameter bur, the optimal parameter combination is a cutting depth of 10-11 mm and a cutting angle of 0°-10°. This ensures complete crown fracture (maximum Von Mises stress value of the crown ≥ 250 MPa) while protecting adjacent teeth, the inferior alveolar nerve canal, and the mandibular bone, providing precise biomechanical guidance for crown sectioning in minimally invasive extractions. (2) In the extraction of horizontally and mesially impacted mandibular third molars, the choice of cutting depth and width should be based on ensuring complete crown fracture, fully eliminating resistance structures around the crown to provide ideal space for subsequent procedures and avoid damage to surrounding tissues. (3) In the extraction of horizontally and mesially impacted mandibular third molars, the cutting angle should be chosen as parallel as possible to the long axis of the second molar (0°-10°) to ensure crown fracture efficiency and protection of surrounding tissues.  

Key words: three-dimensional finite element analysis, mandibular third molar, cone-beam CT, minimally invasive extraction, crown sectioning

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