中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1602-1608.doi: 10.12307/2026.596

• 组织构建相关数据分析 Date analysis of organization construction • 上一篇    

年龄相关性黄斑变性与深静脉血栓形成:全基因组关联数据分析

刘鸿涛,武  欣,姜鑫雨,沙  斐,安  琪,李高彪   

  1. 中国中医科学院附属望京医院,北京市  100102


  • 收稿日期:2024-12-04 接受日期:2025-03-01 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2025-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 武欣,博士,主任医师,中国中医科学院附属望京医院,北京市 100102
  • 作者简介:刘鸿涛,男,1993年生,在读硕士,主要从事中医药防治周围血管疾病方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中国中医科学院科技创新工程(CI2021A01905),项目负责人:武欣

Causal relationship between age-related macular degeneration and deep vein thrombosis: analysis based on genome-wide association study data

Liu Hongtao, Wu Xin, Jiang Xinyu, Sha Fei, An Qi, Li Gaobiao   

  1. Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
  • Received:2024-12-04 Accepted:2025-03-01 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2025-07-19
  • Contact: Wu Xin, MD, Chief physician, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
  • About author:Liu Hongtao, MS candidate, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. CI2021A01905 (to WX)]]
    ]

摘要:


文题释义:
全基因组关联数据:是指在全基因组范围内对大量个体进行基因分型,以检测基因变异(如单核苷酸多态性)与特定性状或疾病之间关联的数据集。该研究对欧洲人群进行全基因组关联研究,获取了年龄相关性黄斑和深静脉血栓形成相关的大量基因变异信息,这些数据涵盖了众多基因位点,为后续孟德尔随机化分析提供了丰富的基础数据,以探究两种疾病的潜在因果关系。
孟德尔随机化:是一种利用遗传变异作为工具变量来推断暴露因素与结局之间因果关系的流行病学方法。该研究基于全基因组关联数据筛选出与年龄相关性黄斑变性和深静脉血栓形成相关的单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量,这些遗传变异在配子形成过程中随机分配,从而模拟了随机对照试验的效果,能够有效避免传统观察性研究中常见的混杂因素和反向因果关系的干扰,进而更可靠地剖析两种疾病之间可能存在的因果联系。

背景:年龄相关性黄斑变性和深静脉血栓形成可能存在共同的病理生理机制,但缺乏直接关系证据,传统研究受混杂因素和反向因果干扰。
目的:基于孟德尔随机化设计方法探讨年龄相关性黄斑变性与深静脉血栓形成的因果关系。
方法:通过双向两样本孟德尔随机化分析,使用公开的全基因组关联研究获取暴露与结局的单核苷酸多态性,其中从FinnGen数据库获取深静脉血栓形成数据,样本为欧洲人群,样本量为363 612例,单核苷酸多态性数量为1 048 575个;从IEU OpenGWAS项目获取年龄相关性黄斑变性数据,样本为欧洲人群,样本量为105 248例,单核苷酸多态性数量为11 304 110个。使用R 4.4.1软件Two Sample MR包(版本号:0.6.8),采用逆方差加权法评估暴露因素对结局的因果效应,以MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法、加权模式法和简单模式法进行敏感性分析评估结果的稳健性;使用“heterogeneity”函数进行异质性检验,使用“horizontal pleiotropy”函数和MR-PRESSO评估水平多效性。采用Cochran’s Q检验判断单核苷酸多态性间是否存在统计学异质性,运用留一法分析单个单核苷酸多态性是否对孟德尔随机化分析结果产生过度影响,绘制漏斗图评估单核苷酸多态性的潜在偏倚,绘制森林图展示单核苷酸多态性对暴露和结果的效应估计以及它们的置信区间,绘制散点图评估单核苷酸多态性的效力与它们对结果估计的因果效应大小之间的关系。
结果与结论:正向研究和反向研究均表明年龄相关性黄斑变性与深静脉血栓形成之间没有因果关联(P > 0.05)。敏感性分析确证结果可靠稳健,无离群值、异质性和水平多效性,单个单核苷酸多态性未明显影响总体效应估计值。虽基于欧洲人群数据,但对中国生物医学探究复杂疾病关联有方法学借鉴价值。未来应开展多中心大样本研究,精准解析中国人群相关疾病内在联系,为防治策略与临床实践提供依据。

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3582-144X(刘鸿涛)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 年龄相关性黄斑变性, 深静脉血栓形成, 孟德尔随机化, 因果关联, 全基因组关联数据, 芬兰数据库, 欧洲人群

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration and deep vein thrombosis may share common pathophysiological mechanisms, but there is a lack of direct evidence regarding their relationship. Traditional studies are confounded by confounding factors and reverse causation.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causal relationship between age-related macular degeneration and deep vein thrombosis based on Mendelian randomization design. 
METHODS: Through a two-way Mendelian randomization analysis, single nucleotide polymorphisms of exposure and outcomes were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies, with deep vein thrombosis data from the FinnGen database in a European population with a sample size of 363 612 and 1 048 575 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, we obtained data on age-related macular degeneration from the IEUOpenGWAS project, also from a European population sample of 105 248 cases covering 11 304 110 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In R4.4.1, we used the TwoSampleMR package (version 0.6.8) to explore the causal effects of exposure factors on outcomes. At the same time, we also conducted a sensitivity analysis via MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted model and simple model methods to ensure that the assessment results were robust and reliable. In addition, we used the “heterogeneity” function to test for heterogeneity, and the “horizontal pleiotropy” function and the MR-PRESSO test to further assess horizontal pleotropy. The Cochran’s Q test was used to determine whether there was statistical heterogeneity between single nucleotide polymorphisms, and the leave-one-out method was used to assess whether single nucleotide polymorphisms would significantly interfere with Mendelian randomization analysis. Funnel plots were drawn to assess the potential bias of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Forest plots were plotted to show the effect estimates of single nucleotide polymorphisms on exposure and outcomes, and their confidence intervals were plotted. Scatter plots were plotted to evaluate the relationship between the potency of single nucleotide polymorphisms and their causal effect size on outcome estimates. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both forward and reverse studies showed that there was no causal association between age-related macular degeneration and the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis (P > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that the main analysis results were reliable and robust, with no outliers, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy, and no single nucleotide polymorphism significantly affected the overall effect estimate. Although it is based on European population data, it has methodological reference value for Chinese biomedical research on complex disease associations. In this field, China can carry out multi-center large-sample studies, accurately analyze the internal links between Chinese population-related diseases, and provide a basis for prevention and treatment strategies and clinical practice.

Key words: age-related macular degeneration, deep vein thrombosis, Mendelian randomization, causal association, genome-wide association study data, FinnGen database, European population

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