中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 538-546.doi: 10.12307/2025.132

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

陈旧性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折骨不连的修复策略:一项病例分析

赵星丞,王  军,陆  明   

  1. 上海市公共卫生临床中心骨科,上海市   201508
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-01 接受日期:2024-02-23 出版日期:2025-01-28 发布日期:2024-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 陆明,医学博士,主任医师,上海市公共卫生临床中心骨科,上海市 201508
  • 作者简介:赵星丞,男,1992年生,辽宁省辽阳市人,汉族,2018年中国医科大学毕业,外科学硕士,主治医师。 并列第一作者:王军,男,1988年生,山东省菏泽市人,汉族,2016年宁夏医科大学毕业,外科学硕士,主治医师。
  • 基金资助:
    复旦大学附属上海市公共卫生临床中心外科临床亚专科建设孵育项目(KY-GW-2018-47),项目负责人:陆明

Repair strategies for nonunion in old osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a case analysis

Zhao Xingcheng, Wang Jun, Lu Ming   

  1. Orthopedics Department of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
  • Received:2024-02-01 Accepted:2024-02-23 Online:2025-01-28 Published:2024-06-04
  • Contact: Lu Ming, MD, Chief physician, Orthopedics Department of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
  • About author:Zhao Xingcheng, Master, Attending physician, Orthopedics Department of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China Wang Jun, Master, Attending physician, Orthopedics Department of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China Zhao Xingcheng and Wang Jun contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    Surgical Clinical Subspecialty Construction Incubation Project of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, No. KY-GW-2018-47 (to LM)

摘要:

文题释义:

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折:是指由于原发性骨质疏松症导致脊柱椎体骨密度和骨质量下降,骨强度减低,在外力作用下,尤其是轻微外力甚至没有明显外力作用的情况下,椎体发生压缩性骨折的一种状况。
椎体成形的应用范围:目前椎体成形术除了大部分应用于骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的患者,少部分可应用于脊柱骨转移瘤和椎体血管瘤的治疗,在椎体成形术同时还可以取少量的骨质进行活检,进一步明确病理诊断。

摘要
背景:腰椎骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者的脊柱和骨盆矢状位参数存在不同程度改变,将导致全脊柱/腰椎矢状面发生失平衡和再平衡。如果初次骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折没有得到及时治疗,随着时间的推移将发展为陈旧性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折骨不连。
目的:观察陈旧性骨质疏松性腰椎体压缩骨折骨不连9例患者行经皮椎体成形(PVP)术后的修复效果。
方法:回顾性分析2018年9月至2022年8月上海市公共卫生临床中心骨科收治的陈旧性老年骨质疏松性腰椎椎体压缩性骨折骨不连经皮椎体成形术后术椎再骨折患者9例的临床资料,所有患者均采用经皮椎体成形行再翻修治疗,同时规律进行抗骨质疏松治疗和康复训练。出院前及随访时复查患者的腰椎X射线平片及三维CT检测结果,评价骨水泥弥散情况,记录患者术前、术后、随访时的目测类比评分、腰椎Oswetry功能障碍指数(ODI评分)及Roussouly腰椎功能分型变化。
结果与结论:①9例患者术后随访时均未发生神经损伤、感染、骨水泥椎管内渗漏、肺栓塞及过敏性休克等严重手术并发症,均未发生骨水泥相关的不良反应。有1例患者术后2年感染COVID-19致呼吸功能衰竭死亡。②术椎再骨折患者术后疼痛目测类比评分和ODI评分均显著低于翻修术前,末次随访经皮椎体成形翻修术后患者Roussouly腰椎功能分型显著改善;末次随访测量术椎椎体高度变化与术前比较无显著性意义。③上述结果提示,对陈旧性骨质疏松性腰椎体压缩骨折骨不连行经皮椎体成形治疗的患者而言,适量骨水泥注入和有效骨水泥弥散具有明显缓解术后疼痛作用,规律抗骨质疏松和术后有效康复训练有助于患者术后腰椎功能恢复。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-0943 (陆明)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松, 经皮椎体成形骨水泥注入技术, 椎体成形, 术椎再骨折, Roussouly腰椎功能分型, 应力集中区

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with osteoporotic compression fractures of the lumbar spine have varying degrees of changes in the sagittal parameters of the spine and pelvis, resulting in disequilibrium and rebalancing of the sagittal plane of the whole spine/lumbar spine. If the primary osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture is not treated promptly, it develops into an old osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with nonunion over time.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty in nine patients with old osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture with nonunion. 
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of nine elderly patients with old osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures with nonunion treated in the Orthopedics Department of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from September 2018 to August 2022. All patients underwent revision treatment with percutaneous vertebroplasty and received regular anti-osteoporosis treatment and rehabilitation training. The lumbar spine X-ray plain film and three-dimensional CT test results were reviewed before discharge and during follow-up to evaluate the diffusion of bone cement. Visual analog scale score, lumbar Oswestry disability index score, and Roussouly classification were recorded before, after surgery and during follow-up. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During postoperative follow-up, none of the 9 cases in this group experienced serious surgical complications such as nerve injury, infection, bone cement leakage, pulmonary embolism, and allergic shock, and no adverse reactions related to bone cement occurred. One patient died of respiratory failure due to COVID-19 infection 2 years after operation. (2) The visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index score of postoperative pain in patients with recurrent vertebral fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty were significantly lower than those before revision surgery. After the last follow-up percutaneous vertebroplasty revision surgery, the Roussouly classification of patients significantly improved. There was no statistically significant difference between the changes in vertebral body height during the last follow-up measurement and preoperative comparison. (3) These findings indicate that for patients with old osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures with nonunion, moderate injection of bone cement and effective dispersion of bone cement have a significant relieving effect on postoperative pain. Regular anti-osteoporosis and effective postoperative rehabilitation training can help patients improve their postoperative lumbar spine function.

Key words: osteoporosis, percutaneous vertebroplasty bone cement injection technology, vertebroplasty, refractures of surgical vertebrae, Roussouly lumbar functional classification, stress concentration zone

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