中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (26): 4254-4264.doi: 10.12307/2023.528

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

加压抗阻训练的肌肉效应、量效关系及生理机制

雷森林1,张明辉2,马春莲3,郜卫峰4,夏骁研1,董琨炜1   

  1. 武汉体育学院,1艺术学院,2体育教育学院,3健康科学学院,4运动训练学院,湖北省武汉市  430079
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-04 接受日期:2022-08-29 出版日期:2023-09-18 发布日期:2023-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 董琨炜,副教授,武汉体育学院艺术学院,湖北省武汉市 430079
  • 作者简介:雷森林,男,1997年生,河南省信阳市人,武汉体育学院在读硕士,主要从事运动训练研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82100440),项目负责人:马春莲;湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2021CFB496);武汉体育学院科研创新团队项目(21KT04)

Muscle effect, dose-effect relationship, and physiological mechanism of KAATSU-resistance training

Lei Senlin1, Zhang Minghui2, Ma Chunlian3, Gao Weifeng4, Xia Xiaoyan1, Dong Kunwei1   

  1. 1College of Arts, 2College of Physical Education, 3College of Health Sciences, 4College of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2022-08-04 Accepted:2022-08-29 Online:2023-09-18 Published:2023-01-28
  • Contact: Dong Kunwei, Associate professor, College of Arts, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Lei Senlin, Master candidate, College of Arts, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82100440 (to MCL); Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, No. 2021CFB496;  Research and Innovation Team Project of Wuhan Sports University, No. 21KT04

摘要:

文题释义:

加压训练(“KAATSU”training):又称血流限制训练(Blood flow restricting,BFR),是在训练时对受试者上肢或下肢近心端部位通过加压袖带施加压力,从而阻断静脉血回流,减少动脉血流入肌肉的一种新型训练方式。
肌肉训练效应:肌肉在经过运动训练后产生适应性反应,主要体现在肌纤维增粗、肌肉肥大、肌肉力量及耐力增加、神经肌肉适应增强等方面。

背景:加压抗阻训练是通过“加压”和“抗阻”的双重刺激达到训练效果的一种新型训练模式,但由于学者们在试验中进行加压干预时通常采用不同的加压量,因此不同的加压抗阻训练模型下肌肉功能表现不同,加压抗阻训练与肌肉功能表现的量效关系暂无定论,其中潜在的生理机制需要进一步探讨。
目的:对国内外新近加压抗阻训练的试验研究进行梳理,归纳加压抗阻训练诱发的主要训练效应,厘清加压抗阻训练中的量效关系,深度剖析潜在的生理机制,为提高肌肉目标功能表现提供指导意见。
方法:以“加压训练”“血流限制训练”“抗阻训练”“力量训练”“肌肉适能”“肌肉训练效应”“肌肉力量”“肌肉耐力”“神经肌肉适应”“Blood flow restricting”“Pressure training”“KAATSU training”“KAATSU volume”“Resistance training”“Anaerobic training” “Strength training”“Muscle fitness”“Muscle hypertrophy”“Muscle strength”“Muscle endurance”“Neuromuscular adaptation”等为关键词在中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Springer等文献数据库进行详细检索。检索日期截至2022-06-30,根据纳入和排除标准共获得核心相关文献75篇。

结果与结论:①加压抗阻训练能够强化肌肉力量、提升肌肉耐力并促进神经肌肉适应。②在加压抗阻训练中加压压力与肌肉功能表现可能存在一种“倒U型”的量效关系。③然而,在有效加压范围内高闭塞压力的加压干预能更好地强化肌肉力量表现,中闭塞压力的加压干预则更有利于提升肌肉耐力表现,持续加压对于神经肌肉适应的促进效果优于间歇加压。④加压抗阻训练通过诱发更大的代谢压力、促进肌肉生长相关激素分泌、促进神经肌肉适应、调控骨骼肌生成相关的microRNA及分子表达等生理机制促进肌肉力量;通过上调内皮一氧化氮合酶、缺氧诱导因子1、血管内皮生长因子等基因或蛋白的表达,促进骨骼肌毛细血管生成,激活p38MAPK、AMPK信号通路及其下游过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α的磷酸化,促进线粒体生成和有氧代谢酶活性等生理机制提高肌肉耐力;可能通过诱发更高阈值的Ⅱ型肌纤维募集增加促进神经肌肉适应。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-5206(雷森林);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-4737(董琨炜)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 加压抗阻训练, 肌肉力量, 肌肉耐力, 神经肌肉适应, 加压量

Abstract: BACKGROUND: KAATSU-resistance training is a new training mode that achieves training effects through the dual stimulation of “kado” and “resistance.” Therefore, the muscle function performance is different under different KAATSU resistance training models. The dose-effect relationship between KAATSU-resistance training and muscle function performance is still inconclusive and the underlying physiological mechanism needs to be further explored.
OBJECTIVE: To sort out the recent experimental research on KAATSU and resistance training worldwide, summarize the main training effects of KAATSU and resistance training, clarify the dose-effect relationship in KAATSU and resistance training, and deeply analyze the underlying physiological mechanism, thereby providing guidance for improving muscle target functional performance.
METHODS: “ Blood flow restricting,” “pressure training,” “KAATSU training,” “KAATSU volume,” “resistance training,” “anaerobic training,” “strength training,” “muscle fitness,” “muscle hypertrophy,” “muscle strength,” “muscle endurance,” and “neuromuscular adaptation” in Chinese and English were used as keywords to conduct detailed searches in literature databases such as CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, Web of Science, and Springer. The retrieval date ended on June 30, 2022 and a total of 75 core related literatures were obtained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: KAATSU-resistance training can strengthen muscle strength, improve muscle endurance, and promote neuromuscular adaptation. There may be an “inverted U-shaped” dose-effect relationship between KAATSU pressure and muscle function performance during KAATSU-resistance training. However, compression intervention with high occlusion pressure within the effective compression range can better enhance muscle strength performance, while compression intervention with medium occlusion pressure is more conducive to improving muscle endurance performance, and continuous compression is better than intermittent compression to promote neuromuscular adaptation. KAATSU-resistance training promotes muscle strength by inducing greater metabolic stress, promoting the secretion of muscle growth-related hormones, promoting neuromuscular adaptation, and regulating the expression of microRNAs and molecules related to skeletal muscle formation. Muscle endurance can be promoted via a series of physiological mechanisms, such as upregulating the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor at gene or protein level, promoting skeletal muscle capillary angiogenesis, activating the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, AMPK signaling pathway, and its downstream peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, and promoting mitochondrial production and aerobic metabolic enzyme activity. Increased recruitment of type II muscle fibers evoking a higher threshold may promote neuromuscular adaptation.

Key words: KAATSU-resistance training, muscle strength, muscle endurance, neuromuscular adaptation, KAATSU volume

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